Organ transplantation and parasitic infection / 器官移植

Parasitic infection is manifested with the characteristics of both endemic and infectious diseases, and the onset of parasitic infection is regional and infectious. The incidence of parasitic infection after organ transplantation is relatively low, primarily occurring in single case or case series in developing countries and regions. With the development of social economy and a gradual increasing number of organ transplantation, the risk of parasitic exposure is increased when the recipients travel among different countries or regions. In addition, immunosuppression is the risk factor of parasitic infection. Consequently, the risk of parasitic infection in organ transplant recipients cannot be ignored. In this article, epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of parasitic infection after organ transplantation were classified and summarized according to literature review, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infection in organ transplant recipients.

The influence of hypothermia prevention by application of skin moisture absorbent on the value of body temperature, body weight and blood parameters in piglets / A influência da prevenção da hipotermia pela aplicação de absorvente de umidade da pele no valor da temperatura corporal, peso corporal e parâmetros sanguíneos em leitões

Reducing the mortality rate is of a great economic importance for pig farming. Therefore, it is necessary to define the conditions in the farrowing unit based on the performance of the piglets, and specific hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the importance of using skin moisture absorbent and its influence in preventing hypothermia, which causes great economic losses in pig production. The experiment was set up on a commercial farm in Serbia and included 92 pigs divided into the experimental and control group. Body temperature values, body weight and blood parameters were monitored. The obtained values indicate that there is a significantly positive correlation of body temperature change and body weight values, and body temperature showed a significantly higher increase in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results obtained from hematological and biochemical parameters provide a clearer picture of the metabolic processes in piglets in the farrowing unit and can be used to further improve pig production and as a complement to genetic enhancement.(AU)

A redução da taxa de mortalidade é de grande importância econômica para a suinocultura. Portanto, é necessário definir as condições na unidade de parto com base no desempenho dos leitões, para serem parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos específicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a importância do uso de absorvente de umidade na pele e sua influência na prevenção da hipotermia, que causa grandes perdas econômicas na produção de suínos. A experiência foi montada em uma fazenda comercial na Sérvia, e incluiu 92 porcos divididos no grupo experimental e de controle. Os valores de temperatura corporal, pesos corporais e parâmetros sanguíneos foram monitorados. Os valores obtidos indicam que existe uma correlação significativamente positiva entre os valores da temperatura corporal e dos pesos corporais, e a temperatura corporal mostrou um aumento significativamente maior no grupo experimental em comparação com o grupo de controle. Os resultados obtidos a partir de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos fornecem uma imagem mais clara dos processos metabólicos em leitões na unidade de parto e podem ser usados para melhorar ainda mais a produção de suínos e como um complemento ao melhoramento genético.(AU)

Evaluation of tear production in juvenile opossum using three different methods / Avaliação da produção lacrimal em gambás filhotes por três diferentes métodos

The establishment of parameters for tear production in different species is important for better understanding eye´s health and is one of the components of the ophthalmic semiological technique. Particularities derived from the anatomophysiology of non-domestic species induce the search for more reliable methodologies. The aim was to evaluate and compare tear production of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian common opossum (Didelphis aurita) by three different methods. Fifteen individuals of each species, juveniles, healthy, of both sexes, with 60 to 90 days of life, were physically restrained. Phenol red thread test (PRTT), endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) and modified -Schirmer tear test (mSTT) were performed. PRTT was the most difficult to perform because of the wire malleability, while EAPPTT was more feasible for both species. The median ± semi-quartile range for PRTT were 19.79±2.61mm/15 "and 5.22±2.92mm/15", for EAPPTT were 16.25±1.82mm/min and 10.9±3.04mm/min, and for STTm were 0±1.63mm/min and 0±1.63mm/min for white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum respectively. There was no difference between the right and left eye neither sex. A significant difference was obtained for the same test to different species. No significant correlation was found between the tests for both species. The description of tear production parameters for juvenile white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum may be used as a tool, which will allow the early diagnosis of ocular diseases.(AU)

O estabelecimento do parâmetro de produção lacrimal nas diferentes espécies é importante para o entendimento da saúde do olho e é um dos componentes da semiotécnica oftálmica. Particularidades derivadas da anatomofisiologia das espécies não domésticas induzem a busca de metodologias que sejam mais fidedignas aos parâmetros. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar e comparar a produção lacrimal de gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) por três diferentes métodos. Quinze indivíduos de cada espécie, juvenis, hígidos, de ambos os sexos, com 60 a 90 dias de vida, foram contidos fisicamente para realização do teste lacrimal do vermelho de fenol (TLVF), da ponta de papel absorvente estéril e do teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm). O TLVF foi o mais difícil de ser executado devido à maleabilidade do fio, enquanto a TEPA se mostrou mais exequível para ambas as espécies. A mediana ± intervalo semi-interquartil para o TLVF foi de 19,79±2,61mm/15" e 5,22±2,92mm/15", para a TEPA foram de 16,25±1,82mm/min e 10,93±3,04mm/min, e para o TLSm foram de 0±1,63mm/min e 0±1,63mm/min, para gambás-de-orelha-branca e gambás-de-orelha-preta, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre o olho direito e esquerdo e nem quanto ao sexo. Obteve-se diferença significativa para um mesmo teste entre as espécies. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre os testes para ambas as espécies. A quantificação da porção aquosa da lágrima poderá auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce de doenças oculares nas espécies estudadas.(AU)

Safety of heparin used in plasma exchange and molecular absorbent recirculating system for hepatic failure:a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety of heparin used in plasma exchange (PE) and molecular absorbent recirculating system (MARS) for hepatic failure. Methods 8 databases were electronically searched including CNKI,CBM,WANFANG,VIP,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane and EMBASE.Two researchers individually performed the literature screening,data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias.Random or fixed effect model based on the result of the test of heterogeneity were chosento synthesize the datausing RevMan 5.3 software. Results 6 eligible studies with 863 patientswere included. Compared to omitting of heparin, the heparin PE could increase the probability of circuit clotting, hemorrhage in puncture point, puncture hematoma (RR = 6.05, 95% CI:2.00-18.30, P=0.001;RR=10.80,95% CI:4.78-24.37,P<0.05;RR=6.34,95% CI:1.13-35.53,P=0.04),but the probability of circuit blocking and other adverse reactions are not influenced(RR=5.61,95% CI:0.99-31.89,P=0.05;RR = 1.17,95% CI: 0.73-1.86, P=0.51). As for the treatment with MARS, heparin could increase the chance bleeding death (RR =12.04, 95% CI:1.69-85.66, P=0.01), but had no obvious effect on circuit clotting. Conclusion When curing the hepatic failure,heparin PE can increase the probability of circuit clotting, hemorrhage in puncture point and puncture hematoma, and heparin MARSE can increase the probability of bleeding death. On the contrary, no-heparin PE and MARSE will be safer in treatment of hepatic failure.

Application of molecular absorbent recycling system in auto liver transplantation / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application of molecular absorbent recycling system (MARS) in auto liver transplantation (ALT).Methods The clinical data of 46 patients who underwent ALT in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from September 2014 to August 2015 were retrospectively studied.The patients were randomly divided into the MARS group (n =30) and the hemodialysis group (n =16).In the MARS group,20 patients were male and 10 were female with an average age of (15 ±67) years,and the median age was 46.In the hemodialysis group,8 were male and 8 were female with an average age of (22 ± 54) years.A heparinized left iliac vein was linked to a centrifugal pump of a MARS and an output tube was linked to a left jugular vein.Before the anhepatic phase,physical pretreatment was carried out by ligating the porta hepatis and inferior vena cava (IVC) to adapt the patient to the anhepatic phase.Subsequently,a bypass was established followed by ligation of the IVC.The duration of operation,length of stay in ICU after operation,one-year survival rate and hepatorenal function were studied.Results The duration of operation in the MRAS group and in the hemodialysis group was not significantly different (P ＞0.05).The length of stay in ICU after operation in the MARS group was (12.0 ±3.0) d,which was significantly shorter than that of the hemodialysis group (20.0 ± 2.0) d (P ＜ 0.05).The one-year survival rate in the MARS group was (100％),which was significantly higher than that of the hemodialysis group (93.8％,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The application of MARS in ALT shortened the length of stay in hospital and improved one-year survival rate,resulting in better outcomes than the conventional method.

Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Entomopathogenic Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 Conidial Powder by Controlling the Moisture Content Using Drying and Adjuvants

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at 10degrees C, 20degrees C, 30degrees C, and 40degrees C and the drying effect of each temperature for 24, 48, 96, and 140 hr was determined. Drying for 48 hr at 10degrees C and 20degrees C reduced the moisture content to < 5% without any significant loss of conidial thermotolerance, but drying at 30degrees C and 40degrees C reduced both moisture content and conidial thermotolerance. To maintain thermotolerance during storage, moisture absorbents, such as calcium chloride, silica gel, magnesium sulfate, white carbon, and sodium sulfate were individually added to previously dried-conidial powder at 10% (w/w). These mixtures was then stored at room temperature for 30 days and subjected to 50degrees C for 2 hr. The white carbon mixture had the highest conidial thermotolerance, followed by silica gel, magnesium sulfate, and then the other absorbents. A significant correlation between the water potential and conidial thermotolerance was observed in all conidia-absorbent mixtures tested in this study (r = -0.945). Conidial thermotolerance in wet conditions was evaluated by adding moisturized white carbon (0~20% H2O) to conidia to mimic wet conditions. Notably, the conidia still maintained their thermotolerance under these conditions. Thus, it is evident that conidial thermotolerance can be maintained by drying mycotized rice grains at low temperatures and adding a moisture absorbent, such as white carbon.

Establishment and evaluation of method to collect rat gingival crevicular fluid by using absorbent paper points / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish and evaluate the method to collect the rat gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)by using absorbent paper points, and to lay foundation for analysis on GCF.Methods 20 healthy male rats were selected and randomly divided into GCF group and saliva group.The GCF of the right upper molar gingival trough of the rats in GCF group and the saliva of the rats in saliva group were collected by using 1 5# absorbent paper points.The SDS-PAGE analysis and abundance detection were applied to analyze the protein bands of the samples in two groups.Results The SDS-PAGE analysis identified the proteins at 77 000,66 000,55 000,51 000,and 28 000,especially 66 000 in GCF group.While saliva group had lower brightness protein bands at 66 000,60 000, and 48 000.The data of protein abundance of 66 000 between two groups had statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The number and types of the protein bands are different between GCF Group and saliva group,so using 15# absorbent paper points can collect the rat GCF successfully.

Association of sanitary pads and clothing with vulvovaginitis / Associação de absorventes higiênicos íntimos e vestimentas com vulvovaginites

A oclusão vulvar e o acúmulo de umidade em decorrência do uso de absorventes higiênicos, roupas íntimas sintéticas e/ou calças justas são considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de vulvovaginites (VV), contudo, esta associação ainda está mal esclarecida. Objetivo: associar a prática do uso de absorventes higiênicos e vestimentas à presença de vaginose bacteriana (VB) e/ou candidíase vaginal (CV). Métodos: estudo de corte transversal analisou o uso de absorventes e vestimentas de 307 voluntárias de 18 a 45 anos, com e sem VB e/ou CV. Um questionário de seis domínios foi aplicado individualmente às voluntárias, nos ambulatórios de um hospital universitário (Unicamp, BR). Este estudo analisou três dos seis domínios. Coletou-se material vaginal para diagnóstico microbiológico de VB (critérios de Nugent)e CV (bacterioscopia corada por Gram e cultura em meio Saboureaud). Critérios de exclusão: uso de antibióticos nos últimos 15 dias, histórico de câncer, HIV+, sífilis, doença imunossupressora. A análise estatística utilizou teste exato de Fischer e qui-quadrado, pelo EPI INF 0.5. O nível de significância considerada foi p<0,05. Resultados: Do total, 141 (46%) das mulheres foram diagnosticadas com VV. A média de idade foi de 33(+/-6,8) anos e a maior parte das mulheres era caucasiana (52%), tinha um parceiro fixo (83%) e utilizava métodos hormonais contraceptivos (64,5%). As mulheres com VV utilizaram mais calcinhas de tecido sintético (10,6 x zero), apresentaram mais ciclos menstruais (72,3 x 55,4%) que aquelas sem VV (p<0,005 e p<0,0001) e apresentaram hábitos de uso de absorventes semelhantes. Conclusão: os hábitos de uso de absorventes higiênicos não estão associados à presença de VV, já a presença de ciclos menstruais e uso de calcinhas de tecido sintético se relacionou a maior freqüência de VV.

Vulvar oclusion and moisture buildup resulting from the use of sanitary pads, synthetic underwear and/or tight pants are considered risk factors for the development of vulvovaginitis (VV), however, this association is still poorly elucidated. Objective: to associate the use of sanitary pads and clothing with the presence od bacterial vaginitis (BV) and vaginal candidiasis (VC). Methods: cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing the use of sanitary pads and clothing in 307 volunteers from 18 to 45 years old, with and without BV and/or VC. A questionnaire comprehendind six domains was applied individually to the volunteers, in an outpatient gynecology clinic at a university hospital (University of Campinas, Brazil). This study analyzed three of six domains. Vaginal material was collected for microbiologic diagnosis of BV (Nugent criteria) and VC (GRam stain and culture of the fungus in Saboureaud). Exclusion criteria were: use of antibiotics within 15 days, history of cancer, positive HIV and/or syphilis and immunosupressive disease. Statistical analysis were made with Fischer and chi-square tests, using the software EPI INFO 0.5. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: in total, 141 (46%) women were diagnosed with VV. The mean age was 32 (+/-6.8) years and most women were Caucasian (52%), had a steady partner (83%) and were using hormonal contraceptives (64,5%). Women with presence of VV used more panties made of synthetic fabric (10.6% x zero), had more menstrual cycles (72.3 x 55.4%) than those without VV (p<0.005 and p<0.0001) and showed patterns of sanitary pads similar to those without VV. Conclusion: habits of usage of sanitary pads is not associated with the presence of VV. Presence of menstrual cycle and use of synthetic underwear have been related with greater frequency of VV.

Grau de satisfação de mulheres que usaram absorvente higiênico "respirável" externo por 75 dias consecutivos / Satisfaction of women who used " breathable" panty liners for 75 days consecutively

Introdução: as mulheres modernas desenvolvem 10 a 12 horas de trabalhos consecutivos sem ter facilidades para sua higiene genital, fato que motivou o uso frequente de absorventes higiênicos no período intermenstrual. Objetivo: verificar a satisfação das voluntárias após 75 dias do uso de absorventes "respiráveis" intermenstruais. Métodos: aplicação de questionário para 54 mulheres voluntárias de ensaio clínico sobre o ecossistema vaginal e vulvar,que usaram absorvente higiênico intermenstrual "respirável" externo (AHIRE) por 75 dias, para verificar a satisfação do uso destes absorventes. As voluntárias foram avaliadas clinicamente e responderam a dois questionários sobre atividade laboral, desconforto vulvar (ardor, irritação ou prurido),conhecimento e uso de absorventes intermenstruais, seus motivos para usá-los e satisfação do uso, o primeiro no início e o segundo ao final do estudo.Resultados: as mulheres que participaram deste estudo eram brancas e não brancas em igual proporção, com bom nível educacional, índice de massa corpórea próximo a 25 e com média de 2,06 relações sexuais por semana. A permanência fora de casa é de 7,6 horas por dia, em média. Mais de 85%das voluntárias já conheciam esse tipo de produto, embora apenas 28,3% relatarem o hábito de usar protetor diário durante o período intermenstrual.Não foram identificados sinais irritativos (hiperemia vulvar) em 93,7% das mulheres na visita 2 (após 15 dias de uso) e 93,2% na visita 6 (após 75dias de uso). Queixas espontâneas de desconforto vulvar (ardor e irritação ou prurido) não ocorreram em 91,6% das mulheres na visita 2 e em 95,5%das mulheres na última visita. Essas diferenças não apresentaram significado estatístico (teste exato de Fisher com IC 95%). Estudo complementar indicou que estas porcentagens estão de acordo com a variação encontrada em mulheres que não usaram o AHIRE. Após os 75 dias do estudo, 39mulheres (92,8%) afirmaram que se sentiram mais confiantes, seguras e limpas com o uso do AHIRE. Conclusão: mulheres que usaram absorventesintermenstruais "respiráveis" por 75 dias consecutivos, manifestaram alto grau de satisfação e não apresentaram alterações clínicas significativas(hiperemia) ou reportaram desconforto (ardor e prurido) associado ao uso.

Introduction: modern women develop 10 to 12 consecutive hours of work without having an appropriated genital hygiene, a fact that prompted the frequentuse of panty liners in the intermenstrual period. Objective: check the satisfaction level of subjects after 75 days of wearing "breathable" panty liners (i. e.,ones that allow movement of air and water vapor). Methods: implementation of a questionnaire to 54 women participants of a clinical trial for vulvar andvaginal ecosystem evaluation, who wore breathable panty liner (BPL) for 75 days to verify the satisfaction regarding the wearing there of. The subjects wereassessed for clinical exams and also answered two questionnaires related to work activity, vulvar discomfort (burning, irritation or pruritus), knowledge andwearing of breathable panty liners, their reasons for wearing them as well as satisfaction, being the former at the beginning and latter at the end of the study.Results: the women that attended the research were white and non-white in equal proportions, holding good educational background, body mass indexclose to 25 and with an average of 2.06 sexual intercourses per week, being away from home, on average 7.6 hours per day. Over 85% of subjects werepreviously familiarized with this type of product, albeit just 28.3% reported the habit of wearing panty liners throughout the intermenstrual period. Absenceof irritation signs (vulvar hyperemia) occurred in 93.7% in Visit #2 (after 15 days of usage) and 93.2% of the women in visit #6 (after 75 days). Commoncomplaints of vulvar discomfort (burning and irritation or pruritus) were not observed in 91.6% of the women in Visit #2 and 95.5% of the women in the endof study. These differences were not statistically meaningful (Fisher"s exact test with IC = 95%) between the visits. A complementary study indicates thatthese percentages are in line with the normal variations of women who do not wear panty liners. After 75 days of the study, 39 women (92.8%) said they feltmore confident, protected and clean while wearing BPL. Conclusion: women who used "breathable" panty liners intermenstrual for 75 consecutive days,expressed high satisfaction and showed no clinically significant changes (hyperemia) or reported genital discomfort (burning and itching).

Study on Absorbents for lipophilic Extract of Rhizoma Alismatis / 中成药

Objective: To make out effects of different absorbents, mositure and alcohol amount on the absorption of lipophilic extract of Rhizoma Alismatis in Jinzhe Guanxin Capsules in order to solve its preparation procedure problem. Methods: The absorbent activity and absorbed dose were determined. Results: The moisture of lipophilic extract of Rhizoma Alismatis was lower than 25%, 95% alcohol amount for every gram was 0.25～ 0.5 ml when aluminum hydroxide gel was used as an absorbent. This was the best procedure condition.Conclusion: Jinzhe Guanxin Capsule preparad by aluminum hydroxide gel conforms with the preparation quality requirement.