ABSTRACT
This study sorted out the records of blood-pricking therapy in ancient and modern medical literature, and clarified the origin and development of blood-pricking school. The main stages of the school development included origin and germination stage, the theoretical development stage, the experience accumulation stage, the theoretical innovation and characteristic formation stage, the continuous improvement and maturity stage and the unprecedented development stage. The main academic thoughts included the idea of resolutely eliminating the blood-excess, the idea of completely expelling evil, the idea of simultaneous application of acupuncture-moxibustion and medication and the idea of focusing the use of jing-well point. This school has a far-reaching impact on modern clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , SchoolsABSTRACT
The creative viewpoint of -, the master of Zhejiang school of Chinese medicine is introduced regarding the theories of acupuncture-moxibustion and acupoints. It is stated by master that the five-tissue needling methods are applicable not only for physical disorders, but also for disorders. Of these methods, the nearby bone needling method presents an instructive significance in treatment of pain disorder. The "reinforcing in the upper and reducing in the lower" needling method supplements the reinforcing and reducing theory of acupuncture. Master has put forward the theory of flexible selection of acupoint, the phenomenon of acupoint groups and the application of transverse acupoint composition, as well as the measures for intensifying needling induction, promoting regulation of acupuncture and improving clinical effect. Besides, the seven Chinese characters are used to summarize acupoint composition, meaning "main point, supplementary point, nearby point, corresponding point, back- point, front- point and extra point" separately. This creative viewpoint provides a clearer and more feasible mode in treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion and is instructive proactively in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
DOU Han-qing (1196-1280 A．D.) is a famous acupuncturist of the Jin and Yuan dynasties in ancient China. His academic thoughts about acupuncture and moxibustion have a higher clinical practical and theoretical value and received extensive attention in China. In the present paper, we make systematic analysis and summary about the current researches on Master DOU's academic thoughts after retrieval and screening the related research literature (published from the foundation of the People's Republic of China till now) by using electronic databases. The results showed that our understanding about Master DOU's academic thoughts are mainly based on Zhenjing Zhinan (《》，A Guide to the Classic of Acupuncture), especially the Biaoyou Fu (《》，Lyrics of Recondite Principles) and the eight influential acupoints of meridians, but less attention has been paid to books DOU Taishi Zhenjing (《》，Master DOU's Acupuncture Classics), Zhenjiu Jicheng (《》，Compendium of Acupuncture-moxibustion) and Panshijin Zhici Michuan (《》，Panshijin Esoteric Techniques on Perpendicular Insertion of Acupuncture Needles). The systematicness and depth of research on Master DOU's academic theory need being improved. We propose that we should make a comprehensive study about Master DOU's books and his life stories under the academic development history of overall background of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion, so as to get a clear, complete and objective understanding on DOU's academic thoughts.
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, known as gold-needle master has its own unique academic system in the treatment of stroke. In view of principle, rule, recipe, acupoint and technique, 's academic thoughts were reviewed in the treatment of stroke. In terms of theoretic foundation, treating principles, formula application, rules of acupoint selection and manipulation techniques, the characteristics on the academic thoughts on the treatment of stroke were explained. Professor believes that stroke is caused by deficiency, fire, wind, phlegm, and blood. Promoting meridian and collateral circulation, regaining consciousness and cultivating functions are the treating principles. The acupoint application is characterized as the acupoint selection by stages and the combination of local points with the points in the front and on the back. The penetrating-needling technique and moxibustion are predominated in the treatment.
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To analyze and summarize Professor LIU Feng-bin's clinical experience and academic thoughts on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the study group adopted the retrospective study for case series and expert interview, extracted the retrospective data, including the herbs, diseases, syndrome type, medical expense and quantity of herbs of GERD patients attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Statistical description and binary Logistic regression were used for the identification and modification of syndrome type and initial core herbs. After expert interviews were performed for the syndrome type and herbs, the final scheme were formed. A total of 112 GERD patients ages（48.97±13.13）y; male: 35 (31.3%), female: 77(68.7%) were enrolled. The numbers of patients with liver and stomach incoordination syndrome, heat stagnation of liver and stomach syndrome, syndrome of dual deficiency of Qi and Yin, syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness-heat, spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome were 40, 26, 19, 17 and 10, respectively. The patients used totally 80 herbs, and 26 of them had significant differences among different syndrome groups. According to the logistic regression analysis on the 23 herbs used by 112 patients, the herbs scheme was modified for the second time. After the expert interviews and modification, the final consensus was reached. The main causes for GERD were dietary irregularities, moodiness, and weak constitution. The basic mechanism of GERD was spleen deficiency with Qi adverseness. The spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome was deleted by expert interviews. The 10 core herbs for GERD treatment were Taizishen(Pseudostellariae Radix), Fuling(Poria), Baizhu(Atractylodismacrocephalae Rhizoma), Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma), Zhebeimu(Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus), Haipiaoxiao(Sepiae Endoconcha), Zhiqiao(Aurantii Fructus), Chenxiang(Alosewood), Pugongying(Taraxaci Herba), Zhizitan(Cape Jasmine Fruit). The modification and psychological and diet interventions were also identified. This study summarized Professor LIU Feng-bin's clinical experience and academic thoughts of chronic atrophic gastritis based on data mining of case series and expert interviews. The quality of methodologies and report were both well. The results provide a foundation and ideas for further study on the complex intervention for GERD, and can be directly applied in clinical practice.
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Lin Ji is recognized as the founder of modern forensic science in Chinese. He founded the first forensic science,as the first director Professor of Peking Medical Institute of forensic medicine, He founded the first forensic science classroom beiping medical school as the first director Professor, establish the judicial administration department as the first director of the institute of forensic medicine, founded the first magazine in the history of our country "the monthly journal of forensic", founded Central University School of medicine, forensic science and served as professor and director;He introduced modern forensic science, planning to establish six national forensic science classrooms in Chongqing, Peking, Wuhan, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fengtian;He learned to cultivate the forensic examiner, forensic physician with modern forensic, make the Chinese forensic medicine moved in the process of modernization;His development concept of big Forensic science, view of the experiment Forensic science,the way to make Forensic identification documents disclosed,the professional dedication, personal character and the understanding of forensic medicine have left deep imprint on the history of the development of modern forensic science in our country, which have a far-reaching influence in the past,and in the currently.This is the academic thoughts and contemporary value of Lin Ji.
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Professor DU Ke-kuan pays attention to the special role of the spleen and stomach in pediatric diseases, good at grasping the relationship between physiological and pathological features of spleen and stomach in childre with relative viscera. He also thinks that eliminating pathogenic factors is very important, which should be combined with supporting healthy, inhibiting the liver to strengthen the spleen, understanding the pathogenesis and combining internal and external treatment for the spleen-stomach diseases in children, with a strong guidance and practicality.
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Objective To study the effect ofTiaomai-Yin with the therapy method of clearing heat and cooling blood to treat the tachyarrhythmia with the TCM patterns of deficiency of Qi and Yin, and heat of blood stasis.MethodsA total of 60 patients with tachyarrhythmia were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, 30 patients in each. The treatment group was treated withTiaomai-Yin, while the control group was treated with Metoprolol. After both groups were treated for one month, the changes of TCM symptoms, ECG and 24 h DCG were observed.Results The total effective rate of the treatment groups was significantly better than the control group(86.67%vs. 56.67%;χ2=7.957,P<0.05).Tiaomai-Yin significantly improve the symptoms of shortness of breath (1.40 ± 2.11vs. 2.10 ± 1.87;t=-3.341,P<0.01), tiredness (1.30 ± 2.33vs. 2.10 ± 1.84;t=-3.262,P<0.01), dry mouth (0.09 ± 1.34vs. 2.50 ± 2.41;t=-3.194,P<0.01), and tongue (1.90 ± 1.65vs. 3.90 ± 1.81;t=-3.217,P<0.01) and pulse (2.60 ± 1.71vs. 5.10 ± 2.55;t=-3.283,P<0.01).ConclusionTiaomai-Yin had effects in treating tachyarrhythmia with the TCM patterns of deficiency of Qi and Yin, and heat of blood stasis with improvement of symptoms and fewer side effects.
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Objective] From the analysis of Zhu Danxi's life with its clinical diagnosis treatment characteristics, in order to learn, inherit Zhu's academic thought essence and clinical characteristics of diagnosis and treatment. [Method] Danxi Xinfa, Gezhi Yu, golden hook on Xuan, pulse, because treatment contained case as the foundation, combined with his classic discussion and academic thoughts, this case's treatment after diagnosis and treatment, and a comprehensive analysis of its characteristics and the implication behind the academic thought. [Results] The clinical diagnosis and treatment analysis of Zhu has simple effect, using ginseng rhizome; diagnosis and treatment, good physique differentiation of Qi and blood deficiency, the similarities and differences;using four Jun Siwu;the main and col ateral channels disease, fine trial of yin and Yang and the characteristics. Zhu Danxi was good at Yin on treatment, and miscel aneous duties in the Qi, blood, phlegm, stagnation and other academic thoughts. [Conclusion] Zhu Danxi with concise and comprehensive, distinctive features, if deeply analyzing cases with Zhu life classic discussion and academic features, we can have a more profound understanding of the clinical diagnosis and treatment rules and characteristics, to pass its characteristics, enhance the ability of clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Professor Zhang Yonghong thinks that the deficiency of lung qi always exists in advanced lung cancer cases. Pathogen infection, phlegm and blood stasis are key factors to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Clinical treatment in advanced lung cancer should emphasize on the benefiting of qi and supplementing the lung as well as reducing phlegm, removing blood stasis and disintoxication. Attention should be paid to both syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation with the combination of strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil factors according to different stages of lung cancer.
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Zhenglei Bencao was written by TANG Shen-wei,a famous doctor of Song dynasty,on the basis of Jiayou Bencao and Benco Tujing through citing many precious literatures on Confucianism,history,Daoism and other social scientific works.Zhenglei Bencao stayed at a very important position in the history of Chinese materia medica.By studying this book,the author proposed that the reason for TANG Shen-wei rccording so many literatures on Confucianism and other social scientific works was the effects of Confucianism doctors appeared at song dynasty.Because TANG Shen-wei was a good doctor,he paid attention to collect Chinese medical formula.the processing of Chinese medicine.genuine medicine and food therapy.But as a result of less activity in Chinese herbs recognition and collection,TANG Shen-wei did not have a sound understanding on Chinese herbs and his own academic opinions.
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Questions on Typhoid Theory is a representative academic book of ZHU Wei-ju,a well-known TCM doctor of Shanghai in the period of the republic of China.The thoughts of the book is based on human body itself,advocating focusing on body itself not diseases,self recovery and natural therapy.Because he put human in the first place,he got excellent therapeutic effects in clinic.
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This article introduces the academic thoughts and clinical experience of LIANG Shi-shao,a late famous TCM practitioner in Guangxi.Professor LIANG had practiced medicine more than 60 years,having rigid attitude toward teaching and great scholastic achievement,being good at treating diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and internal damage,specializing in senile diseases.He thought highly of vital qi in clinical treatment,applying invigoration method in flexible way to preserve gastric qi.Because dwelled in south of china,professor LIANG was also skilled in treating warm disease,having original experience and comprehension of applying "clearing,hua,purgative" to remove dampness.In clinical practice,he was also good at improving drugs and prescription in order to curing difficult and complicated diseases,formatting a unique style of principle of diagnosis and treatment and experience.
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Ma Peizhi was the representative of MenHe Medicine;he learned from Ma Shengsan and Fei Boxiong,Wang Jiufeng.He was thoroughly mastered and continually blazed new trails;Ma Peizhi’s Academic Thoughts of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine is still the guidance on the modern clinical experience.
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Hanzhihe was the first physician who elucidated the academic thoughts of Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases(Shanghan Lun) during of the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127).His ideas were involved four aspects.He interpreted the pathogenesis of cold pathogenic diseases,explaining the six meridians by channels and collaterals;paid attention to the syndrome differentiation of pulse tracings and discussed the rules of diaphoresis and purgation;preferred the therapeutic method of warming the middle jiao firstly,taking the medicine by the seasonal disposition;replenished the syndrome differentiation and treatment of stagnated blood syndrome,and originated the effective formula of the Yin jaundice therapy.
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The Book of Huo You Xin Shu was written by Zeng Shirong,a famous pediatrics doctor in Yuan Dynasty.Based on his ancestors' experiences,together with his own long-term clinical practices,this book discussed critically on issues of how to nurture children and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation. He promoted the concept of scientific nurture and criticized the problems associated with in bringing up children.He suggested that every aspect of the children's daily life must be taken care of under the guidance of scientific recommendations in order to allow children to growth up healthily.Prophylaxis should go ahead of treatment.He mentioned the importance to carefully investigate in the causes and origins of diseases and to accurately distinguish between the exterior signs and interior causes.For an acute case,symptoms should be dealt with first,while for a chronic one the root cause is treated.He pointed out this principle to remind us a dire consequence may be caused due to misdiagnosis and rash treatment.Before the treatment,we have to differentiate between exterior and interior,cold and heat,deficiency and excess,and follow the principle of simultaneous treatment of both exterior and interior,elimination and reinforcement.Moreover,he paid special attention to the effect of Spleen and Stomach functions in developing pediatrics diseases,emphasizing the importance of regulating them in pediatrics treatment.He was the first person to initiate the concept of "four causes of infantile convulsion(Si Zheng)"and "eight syndromes in infantile convulsion(Ba Hou)".He thought that we ought to investigate the causes of disease,catch the key of pathogenesis,pay great attention to the Qi activity,and the most importantly,regulate Qi activity in treatment.
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This article summarizes doctor LI Fu-ren’s academic thoughts on gerocony, such as coexistance with disease is an ordinary state for the old, protecting zhengqi is the essence of gerocomy, dealing correctly with the dialectical relationship between fuzheng and quxie is critical to clinical work, preventing possible disease is the key to anti-aging, etc., and gives an in- depth analysis from aspects of basic theory and concrete medication.
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The academic thoughts of WU Pei-heng originate from the theory of emphasizing yang in Inner Canon of Huangdi and warming and assisting yang theory in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases,which inherits and develops the theorectical essence of ZHENG Qin-an.The core of WU Pei-heng’s academic thoughts is the importance of yang-qi in human body.In his opinion,yang-qi is the essence of human,warming yang is the basic principle and treatment in clinic,large dose of aconite root should be used to saving critical patient.In addition,two cases treated by warming yang method are recorded to verify the practicability of WU Pei-heng’s thoughts.
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LV Shao-guang believes that the essence and core of Chinese traditional medicine is a kind of treatment based on syndrome differentiation.The theory of treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the general and fundamental principle of Chinese tradition medicine diagnosis and treatment.The thoughts of syndrome differentiation are:the four diagnostic methods are ways and the eight principal syndromes are outlines.The treatment methods are:the integration of disease differentiation and symptom differentiation,study and analysis of Chinese traditional medicine agents illustrate the material basis of such agents,the pharmacodynamics of Chinese traditional medicine agents are explained in a scientific theoretic ways and the curative effect of Chinese traditional medicine agents are further enhanced.The thoughts and methods of treatment based on syndrome differentiation are enriched with the help of clinical lab test.The clinical physical examinations and chemical tests are the general principle of disease diagnosis and effect judgment.
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Professor XU Run-san is one of the most renowned doctors in traditional Chinese medicine.He is good at the therapy of difficult and complicated disease of gynecology.There are mainly the following points in XU's academic thoughts : on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine,giving emphasis to treatment based on syndrome differentiation,combining syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation but not excluding western medicine;the treatment should base on four methods of diagnosis,especially the tongue inspection in clinic;paying attention to harmonizing the liver and kidney in diagnosing and treating gynecological diseases.In treatment,he often uses classical prescriptions,and is brave in innovation to achieve the best curative effect in less medicine.