ABSTRACT
@#Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is an important component of the innate immune system, can recognize a variety of pathogens and cell damage, induce the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, and regulate imflammatory response.More and more studies in recent years have shown that Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various NLRP3 inflammasome agonists, and is closely related to the occurrence of related diseases.The article reviews the literatures on Ca2+ and NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on the potential role of Ca2+ signaling in the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, to provide new ideas for the treatment of illness caused by NLRP3 inflammasome.
ABSTRACT
Urease decomposes urea to ammonia, and has application potential in agriculture and medical treatment. Urease proteins include structural proteins (UreA, UreB and UreC) and accessory proteins (UreD/UreH, UreE, UreF and UreG), each of them has its own unique role in urease maturation. The structural proteins form the active center of urease, and the accessory proteins are responsible for the delivery of nickel. We review here the structure and function of bacterial urease complexes, and how each protein interacts to complete the activation process. We hope to provide theoretical basis for the regulation of urease activity and the development of urease inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , Nickel , Urease , MetabolismABSTRACT
Microglia are activated and involve in the pathological and physiological processes of early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, thus impact the outcome of patients. Numerous studies have shown that microglia have different typings, signaling pathways,and functions. Interference with microglial activation or reduction of cytotoxic metabolites is important for improving the prognosis of SAH patients.
ABSTRACT
Inflammasome is a vital part of innate immunity, and NLRP3 inflammasome is by far the most thoroughly studied inflammasome complexes that have been described. NLRP3activating signals include toxins secreted by pathogens, crystalline moleculesand endogenous danger signals. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome needs two steps: priming and activating. The priming step affects NLRP3 at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional modification levels * the activating step is associated with ion flowing, mitochondria and lysosomes. In this paper we also reviewed the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome at the expression, assembly and activation levels.
ABSTRACT
As the meeting point of signaling pathways actived by growth factors and amino acids,especially leucine,in tumor cells,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role as a center factor of regulation.Recently,it was acknowledged gradually that feedback activation mechanisms of mTOR can influence the efficiency of rapamycin and its analogs in antitumor therapy.Thus,the study about feedback mechanism of mTOR and the combination therapy of mTOR inhibitors and specificd pathway inhibitors has become the hot area in cancer therapy and prevention.