Incidence of radiodermatitis and factors associated with its severity in women with breast cancer: a cohort study

Abstract Background: One of the main adverse reactions of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer is radiodermatitis. Objective: To assess the incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer, identify factors associated with its severity and determine the time at which this event occurs. Methods: Prospective cohort study in 113 women with breast cancer who were evaluated before radiotherapy and at every fifth session until the end of treatment. Logistic regression and Cox proportional regression model were used for the assessment of risk factors; P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The incidence rate of radiodermatitis was 98.2% and it was demonstrated that for each additional point of the Body Mass Index (BMI), the chance of occurrence of grades II to IV radiodermatitis increases by 14% (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 1.04-1.26]; p = 0.004) and statin use increases the risk of more severe skin lesions by four-fold (OR = 4.27 [95% CI 1.11-16.42]; p = 0.035). The exclusive use of hydrogel for skin hydration was an independent factor in delaying the onset of radiodermatitis (HR = 0.55 [95% CI 0.36-0.82]; p = 0.004). Study limitations: The main limitation of this study was its external validity. The identified factors should be considered for services and populations similar to those in this study. Conclusions: There was a high incidence of radiodermatitis and its severity was related to higher BMI, statin use; there was a protective effect of hydrogel use.

Progress in research on novel BC adjuvant system / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Vaccines with novel adjuvants have been listed abroad,while in China,except for aluminum adjuvants widely used in vaccine research and production,few other novel adjuvants have been successfully listed. This paper briefly summarized the source,development history,research progress on biological activity and immune mechanism as well as safety evaluation of the novel BC adjuvant system with independent intellectual property right which has been applied to the vaccine in clinical research stage,so as to provide theoretical support for selection of the adjuvant in the development of novel vaccine.

Development and verification of a high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of aluminium adjuvant content in vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for determination of aluminium adjuvant content in vaccine,and verify and preliminarily apply the method.Methods The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatization method was used for determination. The chromatographic column was phenyl-hexyl column[Luna 5u PhenylHexyl(250 mm × 4. 6 mm)],and the mobile phase was composed of ammonium acetate solution-acetonitrile(with 8-hydroxyquinoline)(60 ∶ 40)containing 20 mg/L ascorbic acid,while eluted at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min with the isocratic eluent. The excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength of the fluorescence detector were 380 nm and 520 nm respectively. The column temperature was 40 ℃,and the sample injection was 50 μL. The developed method was verified for the specificity,linear range,accuracy,repeatability,stability and durability,and used to determine the aluminum content in 12 batches of vaccines. The results were compared with those determined by titration in general principle 3106of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(VolumeⅢ,2020 edition).Results No interference peaks appeared in the sample chromatogram,and the non-aluminum adjuvant vaccine components and phosphate buffer had no interference with the determination. The linearity of aluminum standard was good in the concentration range of 6. 25 ～ 100 μg/mL,r = 0. 999 6. The average results of spike recoveries of aluminum content in inactivated hepatitis A vaccine,recombinant hepatitis B vaccine,adsorbed acellular DTP vaccine and inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine were 98. 32%,100. 85%,101. 09% and 99. 31%,respectively in the verification for accuracy. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of the determination results of aluminum content in the solution of six samples of the four vaccines in the same batch were 1. 09%,1. 42%,0. 97% and1. 30%,respectively. The RSDs of aluminum content of four vaccine samples stored at room tempe-rature for 0,2,4,6 and8 h were 0. 82%,0. 73%,0. 40% and 0. 48%,respectively. When the ratio of ammonium acetate solution to 8-hydroxyquinoline acetonitrile solution in mobile phase changed within 5%,the fluctuation range of aluminum content of four vaccines was less than 2%. There was no significant difference between the developed HPLC method and the titration method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(VolumeⅢ,2020 edition)for determination of aluminum content in the 12 batches of vaccine samples.Conclusion A HPLC method for determination of aluminum adjuvant content in vaccines has been successfully established with good specificity,linearity,accuracy,repeatability,stability and durability,simple operation,high degree of automation and less interference of manual factors. It can realize the determination of aluminium content in single dose,which provides an effective means for the rapid and large-scale determination of aluminum content in vaccine products and monitoring the dispensing of semi-final products in the production process.

Programa integral de apoyo a personas con cáncer de mama en tratamiento con quimioterapia para mejorar resultados en salud y calidad de vida, con perspectiva de autocuidado / Comprehensive support program for people with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment to improve health outcomes and quality of life, with a self-care perspective

El rol de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada (EPA) se incorpora a los equipos de salud en la década de los 60 en Estados Unidos y su contribución se expande a otros países. En Chile es un rol incipiente. El rol de EPA contribuye a implementar un modelo de atención centrado en la persona, que brinda atención integral y atiende necesidades específicas y relevantes a diversos grupos de población. OBJETIVO: Diseñar una intervención dirigida a personas en tratamiento con quimioterapia (QT) por un profesional de enfermería con formación avanzada. PROPUESTA: Como parte del diseño, se buscó evidencia para respaldo de la intervención. Se utilizaron las palabras claves: cáncer de mama, quimioterapia, enfermera de practica avanzada, enfermera practicante, sobreviviente; en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Epistemonikos, Elsevier, Scielo. Un componente fundamental del programa propuesto es el seguimiento proactivo realizado por una EPA y dirigido a las mujeres con cáncer de mama en QT. Este permitirá: a) potenciar las habilidades de autocuidado, b) mejorar la tolerancia al tratamiento, c) hacer entrega de cuidado experto e individualizado, planificado de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada persona, promoviendo la recuperación de la autonomía y el bienestar. CONCLUSIONES: Como resultados complementarios se espera impactar en la satisfacción usuaria, y asimismo aportar a la implementación del nuevo rol EPA al promover el reconocimiento por el paciente y el equipo de salud como profesional experto en cuidado avanzado.

The Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) joined health teams in the 1960s in the United States and her contribution spread to other countries. In Chile it is an incipient role. APN's role contributes to implementing a person-centered care model that provides comprehensive care and attends to specific and relevant needs of various population groups. OBJECTIVE: To design an intervention aimed at people undergoing chemotherapy treatment (CT) by a nursing professional with advanced training. PROPOSAL: As part of the design, evidence was sought to support the intervention. The keywords were used: breast cancer or neoplasm cancer, chemotherapy, advanced practice nurse or nurse practitioner. Survivorship in the Pubmed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Epistemonikos, Elsevier, Scielo databases. A fundamental component of the proposed program is the proactive follow-up carried out by an APN and aimed at women with breast cancer in QT. This will allow: a) to enhance self-care skills, b) to improve tolerance to treatment, c) to deliver expert and individualized care, planned according to the needs of each person, promoting the recovery of autonomy and well-being. CONCLUSIONS: As complementary results, it is expected to impact user satisfaction, and also contribute to the implementation of the new APN role by promoting recognition by the patient and the health team as an expert professional in advanced care.

Postoperative radiotherapy with an electron beam on keloid scar: epidemiological evaluation in a teaching hospital / Radioterapia pós-operatória com feixe de elétrons sobre cicatriz queloideana: avaliação epidemiológica em hospital de ensino

Introduction: Keloids are one of the most aggressive spectrums of healing disorders. They have a unique pathophysiology and multiple specific genetic and cellular factors, which have not yet been fully elucidated. So far, literature reviews have found the influence of genetics, injury site, and ethnicity on the incidence and rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the need to associate an adjuvant method with surgical excision has already been verified, but the best therapy has yet to be defined. Method: A retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out to assess the profile of patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy with an electron beam to treat keloids at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu between 2015 and 2019. Results: Data from 131 patients were evaluated, with 269 keloid scars treated. The average duration of treatment was 51 days, and the number of sessions was 17. White patients were predominant (78%) and women (70%), with surgical incision being the main cause of formation (49%) and ear the most identified location (33%). Women were more likely to complete the proposed treatment (p=0.04), while non-literates completed less than those who had at least completed primary or secondary education (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Postoperative radiotherapy for keloid scars is a well-established treatment in the literature and an important tool for plastic surgeons. Knowing the profile of patients who need this therapy is essential to create methods that improve adherence and results.

Introdução: Os queloides correspondem a um dos espectros mais agressivos dos distúrbios da cicatrização. Possuem fisiopatologia ímpar e múltiplos fatores genéticos e celulares específicos, ainda não totalmente elucidados. Até o momento, revisões literárias encontraram influência da genética, local da lesão e etnia sobre a incidência e taxa de recorrência. Ademais, já foi constatada a necessidade de associação de um método adjuvante com a excisão cirúrgica, mas ainda sem definição da melhor terapia. Método: Realizada uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários para avaliação do perfil dos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia pós-operatória com feixe de elétrons para o tratamento de queloides no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, entre 2015 e 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados os dados de 131 pacientes, com um total de 269 cicatrizes queloideanas tratadas. A média da duração do tratamento foi de 51 dias e do número de sessões, de 17. Houve predominância de pacientes brancos (78%) e de mulheres (70%), sendo incisão cirúrgica a principal causa de formação (49%) e a orelha a localização mais identificada (33%). As mulheres tiveram mais chance de completar o tratamento proposto (p=0,04), enquanto os não alfabetizados completaram menos do que aqueles que tinham pelo menos ensino fundamental ou médio completo (p<0,0001). Conclusão: A radioterapia pós-operatória em cicatrizes queloideanas é um tratamento consagrado na literatura e uma importante ferramenta do cirurgião plástico. Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes que necessitam desta terapia é fundamental para criar métodos que melhorem a adesão e o resultado da mesma.

Controversias en radioterapia adyuvante en cáncer de próstata localizado

La elección del momento más adecuado para realizar radioterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata es controversial ya que puede ser realizada inmediatamente posterior a la prostatectomía o como tratamiento de rescate ante una recaída. En este artículo, se realiza una búsqueda del tema, se seleccionan los ensayos clínicos con mayor evidencia y se analizan los resultados. Si bien existe beneficio en la radioterapia adyuvante, este resultado no se encuentra en todos los pacientes y sí se asocia a mayor toxicidad genitourinaria tardía, por lo tanto, la clave está en la selección del tratamiento según el paciente específico.

The choice of the most appropriate time to perform radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer is controversial since it can be performed immediately after prostatectomy or as rescue treatment in case of relapse. In this article, a search for the topic is carried out, the clinical trials with the greatest evidence are selected and the results are analyzed. Although there is benefit in adjuvant radiotherapy, this result is not found in all patients and it is associated with greater late genitoutinary toxicity, therefore, the key is in the selection of treatment according to the specific patient.

Supervivencia a dos años en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado en una institución de Popayán entre 2018 y 2020 / Two-year survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer at an institution in Popayán between 2018 and 2020

Introducción. El tratamiento oncológico perioperatorio en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado está indicado; aun así, no siempre es posible. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia de los pacientes según la administración de quimioterapia perioperatoria. Métodos. Estudio observacional, tipo cohorte ambispectivo, incluyendo pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado quienes recibieron o no quimioterapia perioperatoria. Resultados. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, 90,9 % pertenecían al régimen subsidiado de salud y el 78,8 % en estadio T4. El grupo que recibió quimioterapia perioperatoria, que solo tuvo 5 pacientes (15,1 %), presentó mayor supervivencia global a 2 años (100 %), seguido del grupo de quimioterapia postoperatoria (58,8 %) y del grupo sin quimioterapia, que alcanzó una supervivencia global a 2 años de 54,5 %. Discusión. La supervivencia global fue mayor en el grupo de quimioterapia perioperatoria, consonante a lo descrito a nivel internacional, aunque los pacientes se encontraban en un estadío localmente más avanzado, la mayoría con T4 y N+ según AJCC VIII edición. Conclusiones. El estadío clínico es un factor pronóstico importante y, en nuestro medio, la mayoría de los pacientes consultan en estadíos localmente más avanzados. A eso se suman las dificultades en el acceso a la atención en salud. Aun así, la quimioterapia perioperatoria mostró una supervivencia mayor en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado

Introduction. Perioperative cancer treatment in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer is indicated; even so, it is not always possible. The objective was to evaluate survival according to time and receipt of perioperative chemotherapy. Methods. Observational study, ambispective cohort type, including patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received or did not receive perioperative chemotherapy. Results. Thirty-three patients were included, 90.9% belonged to the subsidized regimen and 78.8% with TNM T4. The perioperative chemotherapy group, which only had five patients (15.1%), had a higher overall survival at 2 years (100%), followed by the postoperative chemotherapy group and by the group without chemotherapy, with an overall survival at 2 years of 58.8% and 54.5%, respectively. Discussion. Overall survival was higher in the perioperative chemotherapy group, consistent with what has been described internationally, although the patients were in a more advanced stage, most being with T4 and N+ according to the AJCC VIII edition. Conclusions. The clinical stage is an important prognostic factor and in our environment, most patients consult in more advanced stages, coupled with difficulties in accessing health care. Even so, perioperative chemotherapy showed a longer survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, the data should not be extrapolated since the number of patients in each group is significantly different

Argon Beam Coagulation as an Adjuvant for Extended Curettage for Giant Cell Tumors of the Bone: A Study of 50 Cases / Coagulação por plasma de argônio como adjuvante à curetagem estendida em tumores de células gigantes do osso: Um estudo de 50 casos

Abstract Objective Extended curettage with adjuvants of giant cell tumors of bone is associated with a lower rate of recurrence of the tumor while preserving the adjacent joint. The present study was conducted to estimate the recurrence rate and functional outcome after using argon beam as an adjuvant for extended curettage. Methods We selected 50 patients with giant cell tumors, meeting all the inclusion criteria, who underwent extended curettage using high speed burr and argon beam photocoagulation between July 2016 to January 2019. On their follow-up visit, they were assessed for any complaints of pain and signs like tenderness, locally raised temperature, and decreased range of motion of the adjacent joint. Radiologically, the patients were assessed for any increased lucency around the cement mantle and uptake of the subarticular graft. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) was administered to the patients, and range of motion of the adjacent joint was compared with the contralateral joint. Results Recurrence was found in 4 patients, that is, an 8% recurrence rate. Twenty-six out of 28 patients with a tumor in the lower limb had a grade-5 weight bearing status 6 months from the surgery, and their range of motion was comparable to contralateral healthy joint with an average MSTS score of 27 (18-30). Conclusion Extended curettage of giant cell tumors using argon beam coagulation is associated with low recurrence rates of the tumor and is an effective modality in the treatment of these tumors besides having a functional outcome comparable to the healthy limb.

Resumo Objetivo A curetagem estendida com adjuvantes de tumores de células gigantes do osso está associada a uma menor taxa de recidiva da neoplasia e à preservação da articulação adjacente. Este estudo foi feito para estimar a taxa de recidiva e o resultado funcional após o uso de plasma de argônio como adjuvante à curetagem estendida. Métodos Cinquenta pacientes com tumores de células gigantes que atendiam a todos os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados para o estudo e submetidos à curetagem estendida com broca de alta velocidade e fotocoagulação com plasma de argônio entre julho de 2016 e janeiro de 2019. À consulta de acompanhamento, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a quaisquer queixas de dor e sinais como sensibilidade, aumento local da temperatura e diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação adjacente. Radiologicamente, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à presença de qualquer aumento de radiotransparência ao redor do manto de cimento e incorporação do enxerto subarticular. O questionário Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) foi administrado aos pacientes e a amplitude de movimentação da articulação adjacente foi comparada à articulação contralateral. Resultados Quatro pacientes apresentaram recidiva, o que corresponde a uma taxa de 8%. Seis meses após a cirurgia, 26 de 28 pacientes com tumor no membro inferior tinham capacidade de sustentação de peso de grau 5 e amplitude de movimento comparável à articulação saudável contralateral, com pontuação MSTS média de 27 (intervalo de 18 a 30). Conclusão A curetagem estendida de tumores de células gigantes com coagulação por plasma de argônio está associada a baixas taxas de recidiva da neoplasia; é uma modalidade eficaz no tratamento desses tumores e o resultado funcional é comparável ao do membro saudável.

Re-engineering of bicistronic plasmid pGPD/IFN to construct fusion gene co-expressing Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) of Edwardsiella tarda and Interferon-gamma (IFN-?) gene of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and its in vitro functional analysis

Edwardsiella septicemia disease in the cultured Indian major carps is caused by the fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda and it is preventable by DNA vaccination. Here, we tried to develop a bicistronic DNA vaccine pGPD/IFN expressing the Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene of Edwardsiella tarda and Interferon-gamma (IFN-?) gene of Labeo rohita. The vaccine showed high protective efficiency in our previous studies; however as a limitation of bicistronic construct the expression of gene cloned in second frame (B) is poor. To overcome this limitation we re-engineered the construct and designed a fusion gene co-expressing the GAPDH and IFN-? genes as one frame with an aim to get the optimum expression of both the genes. For this purpose, a fusion insert comprising GAPDH and IFN-? coding sequences was cloned in to pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid vector. The fusion genes' in vitro expression was confirmed in the striped snakehead fish cell line (SSN-1). Successful expression of the re-engineered fusion gene DNA vaccine in the cell line was achieved at 48h post-transfection, which was confirmed by amplifying the expression transcripts of GAPDH and IFN-? genes. Thus, the study concludes that the re-engineered fusion vaccine pcGPD/IFN (pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid having fusion GPD/IFN) is functional and can be effectively utilized to vaccinate rohu (Labeo rohita) as it contains the species-specific immune gene (IFN-?) as an adjuvant

Identification and validation of a novel prognostic model based on platinum resistance-related genes in bladder cancer

ABSTRACT Background: The depth of response to platinum in urothelial neoplasm tissues varies greatly. Biomarkers that have practical value in prognosis stratification are increasingly needed. Our study aimed to select a set of BC (bladder cancer)-related genes involved in both platinum resistance and survival, then use these genes to establish the prognostic model. Materials and Methods: Platinum resistance-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and tumorigenesis-related DEGs were identified. Ten most predictive co-DEGs were acquired followed by building a risk score model. Survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. Combined with age and tumor stages, a nomogram was generated to create a graphical representation of survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year in BC patients. The prognostic performance was validated in three independent BC datasets with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential mechanism was explored by enrichment analysis. Results: PPP2R2B, TSPAN7, ATAD3C, SYT15, SAPCD1, AKR1B1, TCHH, AKAP12, AGLN3, and IGF2 were selected for our prognostic model. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited a significant survival difference with HR (hazard ratio) = 2.7 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram of predicting 3-year OS (overall survival) for BC patients could yield an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.819. In the external validation dataset, the risk score also has a robust predictive ability. Conclusion: A prognostic model derived from platinum resistance-related genes was constructed, we confirmed its value in predicting platinum-based chemotherapy benefits and overall survival for BC patients. The model might assist in therapeutic decisions for bladder malignancy.

Establishment and preliminary application of organoids in ovarian cancer / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To explore the establishment and application of ovarian cancer organoids.Methods:Fresh ovarian tumor tissues, obtaining from patients underwent surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between October 2021 and March 2022, were collected, enzymatic degraded, digested, and embedded into matrigel to establish organoids. A total of 32 ovarian cancer samples were collected. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence (IF) procedure were used to verify the morphological structure of organoids and their expression of molecular markers. 3D cyto-live or dead assay was used to detecte the live or dead cells in organoids. Carboplatin with a concentration ranging from 5 to 80 μmol/L (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L) was added to organoids to calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) in different organoids. Results:(1) Organoids from a total of 32 patients were established, of which 18 cases could be passaged stably in the long term in vitro, while 14 could be passaged in the short time. The average amplification time of long-term passage in vitro was over 3 months, and the longest reached 9 months. (2) In HE staining, significant nuclei atypia and local micropapillary structures were observed in organoids. IF staining revealed that ovarian cancer organoids expressed molecular markers similar to primary tumor tissues, such as Pan cytokeratin (Pan-CK), p53, paired box gene 8 (PAX8), and Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1). (3) In 3D cyto-live or dead assay, a large number of apoptotic cells were observed inside and around the organoids after added carboplatin. The sensitivity to carboplatin varied in 18 organoids could amplify in the long term, with an average IC 50 of (29.5±15.8) μmol/L. Moreover, IC 50 values of 4 organoids derived from patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were much higher than the 14 organoids which did not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy [(48.7±11.3) μmol/L vs (24.0±12.1) μmol/L; t=3.429, P=0.022]. Conclusions:Organoids recapitulate ovarian cancers in vitro and could be stably passaged. Organoids derived from patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy have higher resistance to carboplatin.

Effects of primary location of colorectal cancer on surgical outcome of liver metastases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the effects of the primary location of colorectal cancer on the surgical outcome of liver metastases.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 178 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer admitted to Binzhou Central Hospital from January 2012 to January 2022. According to whether the patients had recurrence after surgery, they were divided into a recurrence group ( n = 88) and a control group ( n = 90). The general and clinical data were compared between the two groups. Logistic multivariate analysis of the factors with statistical significance was further performed to identify the risk factors of postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer after surgery. The correlation between the primary location of colorectal cancer and each risk factor was analyzed. The recurrence of colorectal cancer was compared anong patients with different primary locations of colorectal cancer at 12 months after surgery. Results:Primary location at the right colon [55.68% (49/88), lymph node metastasis [92.05% (81/88)], D-dimer ≥ 180 μ g/L, albumin < 29 g/L, ineffective/no neoadjuvant chemotherapy [43.18% (33/38)], and high-risk clinical risk score [53.41% (47/88)] were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer after surgery ( P = 0.024, 0.019, 0.001, 0.028, < 0.001, 0.001). The primary location of colorectal cancer was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, D-dimer, and clinical risk score ( P = 0.043, 0.046, 0.030), and negatively correlated with albumin and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( P = 0.004, 0.033). In 178 patients, the recurrence rate of liver metastases from colorectal cancer at 3 months [53.57% (15/70)], 6 months [55.17% (32/70)], and 12 months [55.68% (49/70)] was significantly higher in the right colon compared with the left colon [32.14% (9/40), 24.14% (14/40), 26.14% (23/40) and the rectum [14.29% (4/68), 20.69% (12/68), 18.18% (16/68)] ( χ2= 4.73, 7.85, 6.27, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Right colon, lymph node metastasis, D-dimer, albumin, neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy, and clinical risk score are the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Patients with the primary location at the right colon have a higher postoperative recurrence rate.

Optimization for condition of adsorbing hepatitis A virus antigen with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and evaluation of immunogenicity of adsorption products / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To optimize the adsorption condition of hepatitis A virus(HAV)antigen by aluminum hydroxide[Al(OH)_3]adjuvant and evaluate the immunogenicity of the adsorbed products. Methods The final molar concentration of buffer(0. 01,0. 02 and 0. 04 mol/L),pH value(5. 5,6. 0,6. 5,7. 0,7. 5 and 8. 0),final molar concentration of sodium chloride(NaCl)(0. 075,0. 13,0. 15,0. 17,0. 45,0. 75 and 1. 0 mol/L),mixing mode(mixing after dilution and mixing directly without dilution)and dropping order[HAV stock solution into Al(OH)_3 solution,and Al(OH)_3 solution into HAV stock solution]were selected for single factor screening. Taking Al(OH)_3 adsorption rate as the evaluation index,the selected factors were optimized by orthogonal test. NIH mice were immunized intraperitoneally with adsorbed products prepared under optimal and suboptimal combination conditions with 0. 5 mL/mouse,10 mice in each group with half male and half female. After 28 d of immunization,the blood samples were collected from eyeball or heart,and the serum was separated. The HAV antibody level was detected by ELISA,and the immunogenicity of adsorbed products was evaluated by the seroconversion rate of mouse serum antibody. Results The results of single factor screening test showed that the final molar concentration of buffer,pH value and final molar concentration of NaCl had significant influence on the adsorption effect(F = 6. 582,14. 007 and 8. 612,respectively,each P < 0. 05),while the mixing mode and dropping order had no effect(t =-0. 696 and 1. 153,respectively,each P > 0. 05). The final molar concentration of buffer was 0. 01 and 0. 02 mol/L,the pH value was 5. 5 ～ 7. 0,and the final molar concentration of NaCl was 0. 13 ～ 0. 17 mol/L. The orthogonal test showed that the order of the influence on adsorption effect was the final molar concentration of buffer > pH value > NaCl final molar concentration. The optimal combination was pH 6. 3 + final molar concentration of buffer 0. 01 mol/L + NaCl molar final concentration 0. 15 mol/L,and the suboptimal combination was pH 5. 8 + final molar concentration of buffer 0. 02 mol/L +NaCl final molar concentration 0. 17 mol/L. The seroconversion rate of serum antibody in mice immunized with the adsorbed products prepared by the optimal and suboptimal combination was both 100%. Conclusion The adsorbed products prepared under the optimized conditions have good immunogenicity,which lays a foundation of the research of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

@#Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that is increasingly common nowadays. It can emerge as morbidity in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) has shown to be a complementary therapy in depression, besides its anti-inflammatory role. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MO leaf extract on Depression in RA patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design comprised 32 RA patients. The participants were divided into the control (n = 16) and intervention (n = 16) groups. The intervention group received two MO leaf extract-containing capsules b.i.d. for 28 days. The depression was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and serum cortisol test. Statistical analyses used both paired and unpaired t-tests. Results: The posttest means comparison of BDI-II and serum cortisol showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.031 and p = 0.015, respectively). The pretest-posttest difference within the control group did not show significant improvement in BDI-II and serum cortisol (p = 0.076 and p = 0.106). Meanwhile, significant BDI-II and serum cortisol improvement were found in the intervention group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusion: MO leaf extract reduces depression in RA patients based on BDI-II and serum cortisol assessment.

Immune effects of nano-tumor vaccine against melanoma in mice / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the anti-melanoma immune effects of nano-tumor vaccine based on nano-adjuvant[CpG-coated nanoparticles(CNP)] and melanoma cell lysate antigen.Methods The immunoregulatory effects of CNP and melanoma cell lysate antigens on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs) and the regulatory effects on expression and secretion of cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 were investigated.After the mice inoculated with melanoma cells formed tumor,40C57BL/6N fermale mice with similar size of tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups:control(PBS) group,adjuvant(CNP) group,lysate(Lysate) group and vaccine(CNP+Lysate) group,which were administered subcutaneously once a week for 3 weeks.The tumor size of mice was recorded every 3 d and the tumor growth curve was drawn.The peripheral blood of mice was collected to detect the contents of IFN_γ and TNF_α,and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the infiltration of CD8~+T lymphocytes in tumor tissues.Results Compared with PBS,CpG and tumor lysate antigen groups,nano-vaccine adjuvant CNP effectively stimulated BMDCs maturation and promoted IL-6 and IL-12 secretion;Nanotumor vaccine showed good anti-tumor activity in vivo, the tumor size of mice in vaccine group decreased significantly,and the secretion levels of IFN_γ and TNF-α in serum were significantly higher than those in other groups;The infiltration of CD8~+T lymphocytes in tumor tissues of mice in vaccine group was also significantly better than that in other groups.Conclusion Nano-tumor vaccine effectively activated BMDCs,highly expressed immune factors,and also effectively inhibited tumor growth,showing good application potential.

Development strategies of prophylactic vaccines for older adults / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#The vaccination of older adults is receiving increasing attention from the whole society.The majority of deaths caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) are older adults,especially those with underlying diseases.Severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have proved to have a significant protection against severe disease and death in the older adults.At present,the vaccination coverage rate of older adults in China is insufficient,and the main obstacles from the audience include the lack of popular vaccination education and willingness to vaccination,while there are also problems from vaccine providers,such as the lack of vaccines suitable for the elderly and the high price of vaccine.This paper summarized the market status and research progress of vaccines for the older adults in China,and analyzed the effects of underlying diseases,immune aging and previous infection history or vaccination history of older adults on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines.The strategies of vaccine development for the older adults were discussed in terms of the application of novel adjuvants to improve immunogenicity,optimization of vaccine preclinical study evaluation criteria based on the immune system characteristics of older adults,focus on enhancing cellular immune response,and development of vaccines for oral and inhalation vaccination.

Mechanism and application progress of MF59 adjuvant in influenza vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Influenza vaccination is the most effective route to prevent influenza virus transmission,and adding adjuvant to influenza vaccines not only enhances the body immune response but also saves the antigen dose.In addition to the classic aluminum adjuvant,MF59 adjuvant is the second one on the market and has been widely used as adjuvant in human vaccine,which not only has an ability to induce antibody equivalent to that of aluminum adjuvant,but can induce cellular immune response,recruit immune cells,and improve the effectiveness of vaccine.In this review,the mechanism of action and current application progress of MF59 adjuvant in influenza vaccine was described,and the further development of MF59adjuvant research was put forward.

Research progress of bacterial flagellin as a vaccine adjuvant / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Vaccines play an important role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Bacterial flagellin can activate Toll like receptor 5(TLR5) and NOD like receptor C4(NLRC4) in host cells,and has immune adjuvant effect. As a new immune adjuvant,flagellin can not only share with antigen protein,but also fuse with antigen protein,which can significantly improve the immune effect. At the same time,it has achieved good application effect in mucosal immunity and antitumor immunity,becoming a hot spot in the research and development of vaccine adjuvants. This review mainly discussed the research progress on application of bacterial flagellin as vaccine adjuvant,so as to provide new ideas for the development of flagellin adjuvant vaccine.

Absorption characteristics of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with inactivated enterovirus 71 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To explore the absorption characteristics of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with inactivated enterovirus 71(EV71).Methods The morphology,purity and particle size distribution of inactivated EV71 particles were analyzed by transmission electron microscope,size exclusion chromatography HPLC(SEC-HPLC) and dynamic light scatter(DLS),and the morphology of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope.Using inactivated EV71 antigen content(4 000,6 000,8 000,10 000,11 000,12 000,13 000,14 000,20 000,30 000 U/mL),aluminum hydroxide adjuvant concentration [0.35,0.25,0.17,0.085 mg/mL(aluminum content)],adsorption time(0.30 and 120 min),ionic strength(sodium chloride concentration of 0.15,0.75 and 1.25 mol/L)and phosphorus-aluminum molar ratio(P/Al,0.15,0.64,2.08 and 7.87) as variables,the adsorption characteristics of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with inactivated EV71 antigen were investigated.Results Inactivated EV71 particles mainly existed in the form of intact virus particles with a diameter of about 30 nm;Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant showed the characteristics of nanocrystallization,and the particle size was distributed within 200～700 nm.The inactivated EV71 antigen at the concentration of no more than 11 000 U/mL was completely absorbed by aluminum hydroxide adjuvant of 0.35 mg/mL(aluminum content),and no free antigen was detected in the supernatant;while from 12 000 U/mL,the content of free antigen in the supernatant increased with the increase of antigen content;the inactivated EV71 antigen of 250 U/mL was completely absorbed by various concentrations of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant,and no free antigen was detected in the supernatant;the adsorption effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant consistent after incubation for different time,and no free antigen was detected in the supernatant.Under the conditions of single dose of vaccine with aluminum hydroxide content(0.35 mg/mL) and inactivated EV71 antigen content(250 U/mL),sodium chloride ion strength had no effect on the adsorption of inactivated EV71 virus,while phosphate ion concentration significantly effected the adsorption.Conclusion Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in a single dose of vaccine completely absorbed inactivated EV71 antigen,and group replacement played an important role.

Recent progress in tuberculosis prophylactic vaccine strategies and some thoughts / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At present, the situation of tuberculosis control in China and even the world is severe. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis, but its protective effect is limited. Hence, it is imperative to develop more effective tuberculosis vaccines. Currently, many new tuberculosis vaccine candidates are in clinical or preclinical trials. In this paper, to provide reference for the development of tuberculosis vaccines in China, the status of the research on vaccine candidates were reviewed and the progress in new tuberculosis vaccine strategies were summarized.