ABSTRACT
Resumen El proceso de adopción comprende cambios importantes en las familias adoptivas, pues implica una reestructuración y adaptación a una nueva organización del sistema familiar. Durante este proceso los padres elaboran expectativas y creencias respecto a cómo comportarse frente a los cambios y adaptarse a sus hijos, desde donde dirigen sus prácticas de crianza. La percepción del tiempo que tenga cada persona posee un papel en cómo se desarrolla la identidad tanto individual como familiar, pues las experiencias pasadas, vivencias actuales y expectativas del futuro influyen en sus acciones. Por lo tanto, es posible decir que los padres adoptivos elaboran teorías subjetivas sobre este proceso y especialmente en relación con el tiempo de espera de la adopción, explicaciones que podrían incidir en la forma en que enfrentan este nuevo desafío y se preparan para la parentalidad. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender las teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y las experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva. Participaron diez madres y padres adoptivos mediante entrevistas episódicas individuales. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando técnicas de tres procedimientos de análisis: de contenido basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, específico para las teorías subjetivas y de la perspectiva temporal. De los hallazgos se destacan teorías subjetivas de contenido emocional ansioso durante el proceso de adopción. Además, contar con una red de apoyo, compartir experiencias con otros padres y el uso de estrategias personales son las principales estrategias de adaptación de los padres adoptivos que les permiten sobrellevar los sentimientos negativos durante el proceso.
Abstract The adoption process includes important changes in adoptive families, since it implies a restructuring and adaptation to a new organization of the family system. The path to parenthood entails changes at levels of mental, physical and social health, which in the case of adoptive parents, the challenges are greater or are altered in some way due to the unique characteristics of their experiences and the obstacles they face. To these challenges are added the usual stressors that parents face, such as changes in roles, increased stress, lack of sleep, alterations in the relationship and intimacy of the couple and difficulties that arise in raising their children. On the other hand, time is configured as a concrete dimension through which life develop. The relationship between objective time and subjective or psychological time will shape the perception of time that each person has, which has a role in how both individual and family identity develops. This is because people´s actions are influenced by past experiences, current experiences and future expectations. One of the areas of the adoption process that has not yet been deepened is the waiting time, the period of time between obtaining the suitability and assignment of the minor to the adoptive family, which can be considered important for the future family depending on how adoptive parents face it, this because the way in which the adoption process is experienced impacts both the path to parenthood and post-adoption adaptation. In fact, it confirms that waiting time influences the psychological well-being of adoptive parents. Therefore, it is possible to say that adoptive parents elaborate subjective theories about this process and especially in relation to the waiting time for adoption, explanations that could influence the way in which they face this new challenge and prepare for parenthood. The present study aimed to understand subjective theories about the waiting time and experiences of adoptive parenting. Ten adoptive mothers and fathers participated in this study through individual episodic interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using techniques of three analysis procedures: content based on Grounded Theory, specific for subjective theories and time perspective.
ABSTRACT
A adoção é um processo complexo, que nem sempre terá um desfecho bem sucedido. A partir de um estudo de caso, objetivou-se compreender as experiências de uma mulher, mãe por adoção de cinco filhos, que vivenciou a dissolução da adoção. A filha mais velha solicitou o retorno para a instituição de acolhimento, após sete anos de convivência com a família adotiva. Os dados foram obtidos pela construção do genograma e entrevista semiestruturada com a mãe. Na visão da participante, a dificuldade na constituição de vínculos afetivos entre mãe e filha levou à dissolução da adoção, associada ao não acesso ao acompanhamento profissional no período pós-adoção. Discute-se a questão da irrevogabilidade da adoção, a aplicabilidade dos termos devolução e duplo abandono e a importância da rede de apoio
La adopción es un proceso complejo y no siempre tendrá un resultado exitoso. A partir de un estudio de caso, el objetivo fue comprender vivencias de una mujer, madre por adopción de cinco hijos, que vivió la disolución de la adopción. La hija mayor solicitó el regreso luego de siete años de convivir con la familia por adopción. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la construcción del genograma y la entrevista semiestructurada con la madre. A juicio de la participante, la dificultad para formar vínculos afectivos entre madre e hija llevó a la disolución de la adopción, asociada a falta de acceso a seguimiento profesional en período pos-adopción. Fueran discutidos aspectos de irrevocabilidad de la adopción, la aplicabilidad de los términos retorno y doble abandono y importancia de red de apoyo
Adoption is a complex process and will not always have a successful outcome.From a case study, the objective was to understand the experiences of a woman, a mother by adoption of five children, who experienced the dissolution of adoption. The eldest daughter requested there turn to foster care after seven years of living with the adoptive family. The data were obtained by constructing the genogram and semi-structured interview with the mother. According to the participant, the difficulty in establishing affective bonds between mother and daughter led to the dissolution of the adoption, associated with the lack of access to professional monitoring in the post-adoption period. Questions onthe indissolubilityof the adoption, the terminology used and the importance of the support network were discussed
L'adoption est un processus complexe qui n'aura pas toujours de succès. À partir d'une étude de cas, l'objectif était comprendre les expériences d'une femme, mère adoption de cinq enfants, qui vécu la dissolution de l'adoption. Dans cas, la fille aînée qui a demandé ce retour après sept ans vie avec la famille adoption. Les données ont obtenues en construisant génogramme et en entretien semi-structuré avec la mère. Il a été constaté que, l'avis du participant, la difficulté à nouer liens affectifs entre la mère et la fille entraînait la dissolution de l'adoption, associée au manque d'accès au suivi professionnel dans la période post-adoption. En conséquence, il a été possible de problématiser certains aspects de l'irrévocabilité de l'adoption, l'applicabilité des termes retour et double abandon et l'importance du réseau de soutien
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Social Support , Adoption/psychology , Object Attachment , Parenting , Qualitative Research , Family StructureABSTRACT
Abstract Communication about adoption is a family interaction process which is more than the simple exchange of information. Adoption communication can be characterized in terms of the level of openness of family conversations regarding the child's past and the degree of the family's adoption social disclosure. The objective of this study is to explore the process of adoption communication openness in Portuguese adoptive families by identifying the impact of variables related to the adoption process, the adoptive parenting and the adoptee. One hundred twenty five parents of children aged 3 to 15, who were adopted on average 4 years ago, participated in this study. Data was collected during home visits using the Parents Adoption Process Interview. A cluster analysis identified three different groups of families according to the level of adoption communication openness within the family and outside. The findings also showed that the process of the adoption communication openness started when parents decided to adopt, developed in parent-child interaction and was susceptible to change under professional intervention. The relevance of training given to prospective adopters and of professional practice based on scientific evidence is highlighted.(AU)