ABSTRACT
Background: Vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic were introduced in late 2020. The present study has been conducted to study the serious Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) reported for COVID-19 vaccines from India. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the causality assessment reports for the 1112 serious AEFIs published by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, was conducted. For the current analysis, all the reports published till 29.03.2022 were included. The primary outcome variables analyzed were the consistent causal association and the thromboembolic events. Results: The majority of the serious AEFIs assessed were either coincidental (578, 52%) or vaccine product related (218, 19.6%). All the serious AEFIs were reported among the Covishield (992, 89.2%) and COVAXIN (120, 10.8%) vaccines. Among these, 401 (36.1%) were deaths, and 711 (63.9%) were hospitalized and recovered. On adjusted analysis, females, the younger age group and non-fatal AEFIs showed a statistically significant consistent causal association with COVID-19 vaccination. Thromboembolic events were reported among 209 (18.8%) of the analyzed participants, with a significant association with higher age and case fatality rate. Conclusion: Deaths reported under serious AEFIs were found to have a relatively lower consistent causal relationship with the COVID-19 vaccines than the recovered hospitalizations in India. No consistent causal association was found between the thromboembolic events and the type of COVID-19 vaccine administered in India
ABSTRACT
Background@#In response to the pandemic brought about by COVID-19, vaccines were developed immediately. Together with adhering to safety protocols, vaccines are needed to help decrease the mortality and morbidity. As with any other, COVID-19 vaccines are evaluated based on efficacy and safety. Real world data is important in the recommendation of vaccines.@*Objectives@#This study aims to assess the short-term safety of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines administered to Filipino adolescents from October 15, 2021 to December 15, 2021 at the Philippine General Hospital. The number and type of local and systemic reaction within 7 days of vaccination were determined.@*Methods@#This is a retrospective cohort study. The review of the recorded events was done through an electronic diary that was accessed from the official Electronic Medical Records of University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). This included solicited and prespecified local and systemic reactions that occurred within 7 days of receipt of vaccine dose. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data.@*Results@#Out of the 1,756 BNT162b2 vaccines administered (Dose 1- 890; Dose 2- 866), 13% (N=221) indicated having adverse reaction. Injection site pain was the overall most common reaction with majority (81%) experiencing it within 7 days of vaccination. Systemic reactions made up 60% of the reactions after Dose 1 and 85% of the reactions after Dose 2. This includes tiredness, headache and fever. None of the reactions required hospitalization or further workup.@*Conclusion@#BNT162b2 vaccine has a good safety profile among adolescents vaccinated at UP-PGH, since most of the reported adverse events within 7 days of vaccination were local and systemic reactogenic reactions that did not necessitate hospitalization or work-up. No serious adverse events were reported. Further follow-up is suggested to assess longer term safety.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , mRNA VaccinesABSTRACT
Objective@# To investigate the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with inactivated influenza vaccine among the elderly in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into safety monitoring and evaluation of inactivated influenza vaccines.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to surveillance on AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Huzhou City from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, including demographics, time of AEFI occurrence, classification of AEFI and clinical syndromes, and the reported incidence and epidemiological features of AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. @*Results@#Totally 84 elderly cases at ages of 60 years and older were reported with AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines in Huzhou City from 2020 to 2022, with a reported incidence rate of 9.83/105 doses, and the reported incidence rates of AEFI with trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines were 9.74/105 doses and 48.71/105 doses, respectively. The reported incidence rates of general, abnormal, coincidence and psychogenic reactions were 7.96/105 doses, 1.52/105 doses, 0.23/105 doses and 0.12/105 doses, respectively, and no vaccine quality accidents or wrong vaccine administered were reported. The cases with AEFI included 52 women and 32 men, and most cases were aged from 60 to 69 years (44 cases, 52.38%). The highest incidence of AEFI was reported in Nanxun District (17.94/105 doses), and there were 79 cases (94.05%) with AEFI within 24 hours following vaccination. The clinical symptoms mainly included fever, local redness and swelling, and local induration, with reported incidence rates of 2.22/105 doses, 3.74/105 doses, and 1.99/105 doses, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The reported incidence of AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines is low among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Huzhou City, with general reactions as predominant AEFI, and most AEFI occurs within 24 hours following vaccination.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the occurrence of suspected adverse events following immunization （AEFI） after changing the priority vaccination sites of the adsorbed acellular diphtherior-pertussis-tetanus vaccine （hereinafter referred to as DPT vaccine）， so as to provide scientific basis for mass vaccination. MethodsMonitoring data of AEFI for the DPT vaccine in Wujiang District from September 2020 to August 2022 were collected from China's disease prevention and control information system， and the vaccination information of DPT vaccine in all children's vaccination clinics in Wujiang District during the same period was selected. The incidence of AEFI for the DPT vaccine was analyzed and compared. ResultsThe reported incidence of AEFI was significantly lower in the buttocks than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The reported incidence of AEFI was significantly higher in booster immunization than that in basic immunization （P<0.05）. After inoculation at different sites， the main clinical symptoms of AEFI were local redness and swelling. There were significant differences in the incidence of local redness and swelling， local induration， pruritus and other symptoms （lethargy， abnormal crying， etc.） （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the severity of local redness and swelling in different sites （P<0.05）. The degree of redness and swelling in the anterolateral thigh was lower than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The local strong reaction of swelling （>5.0 cm） in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm was significantly higher than that in the buttocks （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe DPT vaccine is safe in different parts of the body and is worth popularizing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Changsha in 2021. Methods Data on AEFI cases and vaccination doses of all vaccines in 2021 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention．Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results A total of 1 658 AEF1 cases were reported in Changsha in 2021. The male to female ratio was 0.80:1. The ≤1 year old group, 2-6 years old group, and ≥7 years old group accounted for 15.80%, 24.31%, and 59.89%, respectively. Among all AEFIs，common and rare adverse reactions accounted for 85.34% and 2.65% respectively, with reported incidence rates being 4.777 and 0.219 per 100 000 doses，respectively．The total estimated AEFI rate was 7.122 per 100 000 doses. The incidences of severe AEFI and non-serious AEFI were 0.185 and 6.937 per 100 000 doses, respectively. The top five vaccines reported by AEFI were AC meningitis/Hib triple vaccine (574.713 per 100 000 doses, 1 case), measles vaccine (72.836 per 100 000 doses, 62 cases), DTP vaccine (Cell-free) (64.614 per 100 000 doses, 61 cases), freeze-dried live attenuated influenza vaccine (nasal spray) (61.805 per 100 000 doses , 1 case), and herpes zoster vaccine (CHO cells) (54.715 per 100 000 doses , 3 cases). Conclusion The reported incidence of AEFIs decreased slightly in Changsha in 2021．Most adverse reactions were mild，and the incidence of adverse reactions were low.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the incidence of allergic rash associated with vaccination in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of allergic rash. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to cases with vaccination-related allergic rash in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were captured from the National Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and epidemiological characteristics, vaccination and clinical features of allergic rash were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 324 allergic rash cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, with an annual reported incidence of 6.12/105 doses. The incidence of allergic rash was 6.40/105 doses among men and 5.82/105 doses among women, and allergic rash predominantly occurred among cases under 1 year, with a reported incidence of 8.32/105 doses. The largest number of cases was reported in the second quarter (108 cases, 33.33%), and the largest number of cases was reported in Deqing County (92 cases, 28.40%) with a reported incidence of 11.52/105 doses. The highest reported incidence of allergic rash was seen following immunization with combined live-attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccines (41.23/105 doses). There were 203 cases (62.65%) diagnosed as allergic rash, 55 cases (16.98%) diagnosed as urticaria, 51 cases (15.74%) diagnosed as measles scarlet fever-like rash, and 15 cases (4.63%) diagnosed as maculopapule. There were 94 (29.01%) cases with fever, and 78.70% allergic rash occurred within 24 hours of vaccination.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of allergic rash associated with vaccination was high in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, and vaccination-related allergic rash predominantly occurred within 24 hours following immunization with the first dose of vaccines. Allergic rash associated with vaccination was highly prevalent among children under 1 year.
ABSTRACT
Background: SARS-COV-2, a virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, is a highly pathogenic and has spread globally. Numerous vaccines such as Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnic, and Moderna are available for use in Indian population for prophylaxis and treatment of the same. As vaccine campaign kickoff worldwide and with several doses predicted to be administered in near future, there are more possibilities of vaccine related adverse drug reactions. By and large the benefits of vaccinations clearly outweigh the risks. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the possible adverse events following COVID-19 vaccine immunization (AEFI) in Tumkur district, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Following Ethics Committee approval and permission from District Health Officer (DHO), Tumkur, Karnataka, telephonic interview of 2650 health-care workers who had received their first dose of Covisheild vaccine and willing to respond was done. A follow-up telephonic interview was done after the second dose as well. Their answers were noted, tabulated, and analyzed. Results: About 98% of HCW who received the first dose received the second dose. Following the first dose, 55.3% showed symptoms whereas only 11% showed symptoms after the second. About 81.4% of individuals who showed symptoms post first dose had no symptoms after the second. The most commonly reported symptoms were pain at site of jab, fever, myalgia, cough, and headache. The majority of the individuals recovered with OTC medications. Conclusion: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine was first administered in health-care workers. There was no study published on the vaccination related ADR in Tumkur population. The vaccination rates were high among HCW with frequency of adverse events following first dose were higher, which was almost similar to the AEFI from the innovator prescribing information.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared Pandemic by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Vaccination represents the best possibility to resolve this pandemic. The current global challenge is the immunization against the SARS-CoV-2. However, the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of the corona vaccine remains unclear. Aim and Objectives: This observational study aims to represent an accountable data of the AEFI between Covaxin and Covishield in North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based prospective and observational study was employed from January 2021 to December 2021 for detecting and monitoring of AEFI in adults. All population vaccinated either covishield or covaxin with both doses were enrolled in the study as targeted population. Post-vaccination vaccinated population were telephonic follow-up with prior consent. Results: A total of 1015 vaccinated individuals were included in this study for assessment of AEFI. After statistical analysis of AEFI between both vaccination at 24 h P = 0.13, 3–7 days 0.4 and complete AEFI P = 0.06 observed. There is no association that was found significant P < 0.05 with the incidence of AEFI. Conclusion: The short-term outcome has not attribute any serious AEFI. This study demonstrated that both vaccines were well-tolerated and safe in generalized population.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health problem worldwide with limited success in treatment regimes. Vaccination has been an important tool for prevention and control of COVID-19. Health-care professionals (HCPs) as frontline warriors in health-care setups were given priority for getting the vaccination. Data generated from clinical trials in the controlled study participants will be limited. This study was planned to document and analyze data regarding vaccine safety in our hospital. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify determine the severity and compare the Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in HCPs vaccinated for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: After taking ethics committee approval (IEC/ASR APPROVAL/033/2021) and obtaining informed consent from 422 study participants, pre-validated questionnaires were administered for all the participants and data were analyzed for comparing the incidence, severity of AEFI’s. Categorical variables will be calculated in Percentages. Chi-square test was done to correlate the AEFI’s in COVISHIELD versus COVAXIN groups. Results: In this study, about 80.5% were below 40 years of age with female predominance in gender distribution. COVISHIELD was administered in 88.1% and COVAXIN in 11.8%. After COVISHIELD 1st dose, myalgia was the most common mild AEFI reported with 79.8% and in 2nd dose, fever was the most common mild AEFI reported with 51.1%. After COVAXIN, feeling tired was the common AEFI in mild (50%) and moderate grades in both doses. AEFIs’ were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in COVISHIELD 1st dose as compared to COVAXIN 1st dose in injection site reaction, feeling feverish, headache, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, flu-like symptoms, and feeling dizzy. Fever was not significantly different in COVISHIELD 1st dose as compared to COVAXIN 1st dose. There is no significant difference between 2nd dose of COVISHIELD and 2nd dose of COVAXIN for injection site reaction, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. Serious AEFIs’ were not observed in both vaccine groups. Conclusions: The majority of the AEFI’s in this study are mild-to-moderate in nature and associated after the 1st dose of vaccine. None of the participants had serious AEFI’s with both vaccines in the study. The better safety profile of vaccines allows building public faith in a successful vaccine program for our nation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Vaccines could play an important role in increasing population immunity. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is a recent development to improve the speed and transparency of vaccine safety post-marketing. Aim and Objective: To describe adverse events following COVID-19 immunization phase 1. Materials and Methods: An observational primary questionnaire-based study was conducted regarding AEFI after getting approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Total 241 health care providers were sent pretested and validated questionnaires through SMS containing online Google form link, data were collected. AEFI was classified and percentage value calculated, association between age and gender difference established by Chi-square test. Results: Among 241 health care providers 103 were voluntarily participated. Following 1st dose of vaccination, out of 103 healthcare provider 45 (44%) experienced local as well as systemic kind of reactions. Most common local and systemic reaction were pain at injection site and fever respectively. Following 2nd dose of vaccination, out of 103 healthcare providers, 29 (28.40%) experienced local as well as systemic reaction. Most common local and systemic reaction were pain at injection site and headache respectively. NSAIDS were most commonly used medication to resolve AEFI after 1st and 2nd dose of vaccine. Conclusion: Vaccine have side effects, but none of them are as severe as the disease itself. Active surveillance for adverse events to vaccine is a good method for detecting and quantifying mild adverse events.
ABSTRACT
After the promulgation and implementation of the Vaccine Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China， the compensation of suspected adverse reactions in China is to be reformed and innovated. There have been attempts at compensation through government finance and insurance， but there has been no precedent for a fund of vaccine-related compensation in China， which means that this could be a new method of solving disputes of compensation for vaccine-related incidences and enhancing public confidence in vaccination. It is suggested that under the current system， we can select a province as a pilot to explore the fund compensation mechanism. The fund comes from special financial allocation， special taxation of vaccine enterprises， fund investment income， charitable donation and other channels. Through a special fund management organization， the independent identification and compensation process can be realized， so as to shorten the current compensation procedure， improve the amount of compensation， ultimately protect the interests of all parties， and promote the steady development of vaccination.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and characteristics of adverse events following immunization （AEFI） in 2016‒2020 in Dazu District of Chongqing， and evaluate the AEFI surveillance information system and provide scientific evidence for vaccine safety. MethodsDescriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the cases collected by the AEFI surveillance system. Incidence and coverage of AEFI were then presented. ResultsA total of 319 AEFI cases were reported in 2016‒2020. Reported incidence of AEFI was determined to be 24.64/105 doses. The proportion of timely reporting AEFI within 48 hours was 94.04% and that of timely investigation within 48 hours was 98.41%. The proportion of completing the AEFI survey was 100.00% and that of AEFI classification was 99.69%. The male to female ratio was 1.28∶1. Majority of the AEFI cases were less than 1 year old （64.26%， 205/319）， from April to September （68.97%， 220/319）， and reported at 0‒1 day post-immunization （89.34%， 285/319）. Moreover， the reported incidence differed significantly between time periods （χ2=32.481，P<0.05） and time intervals from vaccination to occurrence of AEFI （χ2=961.408， P<0.05）. Coverage of reporting AEFI at county level reached 100％. In addition， non-severe AEFI cases accounted for 98.43% （314/319） and no death case was reported. General events， such as fever， redness， and scleroma， accounted for 80.56% （257/319）， whereas rare adverse events accounted for 15.99% （51/319）. The reported incidence of NIP vaccines was highest in the diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis combined vaccine， followed by measles and rubella combined attenuated vaccine and diphtheria tetanus combined vaccine. Clinical diagnosis of rare adverse events was mainly allergic rashes. ConclusionThe AEFI surveillance information system in Dazu District of Chongqing achieves efficient monitoring of AEFI. It has proven that the vaccines are generally safe and immunization strategies may be continuously implemented. Furthermore， the sensitivity of AEFI surveillance should be improved through multiple approaches.
ABSTRACT
A case report of pneumonia vaccination followed by death due to Guillain-Barré syndrome was fully presented and discussed. The association between the vaccination and Guillain-Barré syndrome could not be completely ruled out; however, the diagnosis of coincidental event was preferred, which may provide a reference for future similar case investigation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the collected data of adverse events （AEFI） of pneumonia vaccine in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020，， so as to provide the appropriate immunization strategy and popularization of science for pneumonia vaccine . Methods:the data of suspected adverse events were collected from National AEFI Surveillance System during 2010 to 2020， and the vaccination information of pneumonia vaccine was obtained from Shanghai Vaccination Information System. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analysis. Results:The total 18 446 AEFI cases were reported in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020， and the incidence rate was 425.0/100 000 doses. The general reactions were reported as 18 003 cases （97.6%）， with 393 cases of abnormal reactions （2.0%）， 57 cases of coincidences （0.3%）， 2 cases of psychogenic reactions （<0.1%） and no vaccine quality accident or vaccination accident was reported. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate between male and female； The incidence rate of AEFI decreased with the age of the old. The incidence rate of 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine （PPV23） AEFI was 476.5/100 000 doses， which was significantly lower than that of other kinds of pneumonia vaccine. The first dose was also significantly higher than that of non-first dose. Conclusion:The various types of pneumonia vaccines being used in Shanghai have high safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To learn the awareness rate of adverse events following immunization ( AEFI ) among Chinese parents, so as to provide suggestions for promoting vaccination.@*Methods@#We searched relevant articles published before 24th June, 2020 from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science, calculated the pooled awareness rate and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) , conducted Egger＇s test for publication bias and sensitivity analysis for stability of results. @*Results@#Eight articles using cross-sectional design were included after screening from 235 initial records. Among 5 433 subjects, the pooled awareness rate of AEFI was 66.76% ( 95%CI: 52.75%-78.33% ) . Non-immigrant population possessed a higher awareness rate ( 67.32% ) compared with the immigrant population ( 56.54% ) . The parents with different levels of education showed various awareness rate of AEFI ( P<0.05 ) . The awareness rates of "children should be observed for at least 30 minutes after vaccination","slight adverse effects were commonly seen after vaccination","local redness and induration might occur after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis ( DTP ) immunization","polio vaccine might bring mild diarrhea" were 86.18%, 66.76%, 41.89% and 30.22%, respectively. Egger＇s test showed that there was no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust.@*Conclusion@#The pooled awareness rate of AEFI among Chinese parents is 66.76%, with lower rates found in the parents who are immigrants and have lower level of education.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the safety of measles-containing vaccines （MCV） in Shanghai city. Methods:Adverse event following immunization cases related to measles attenuated live vaccine （MV）， measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MR） and measles， mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MMR） vaccination in Shanghai during 2011—2018 were collected from the National AEFI Surveillance System for epidemiological analysis. Results:A total of 15 055 MVC-related AEFI cases were reported， for an incidence of 139.74 per 100 000 doses. Among all MVC-related AEFI cases， the male to female ratio was 1.17∶1， and 12 068 （111.70 per 100 000 doses） were common reactions， with 1 050 from MV（64.66 per 100 000）， 5 484 from MR（134.36 per 100 000）and 5 534 from MMR（108.60 per 100 000. Most of common reactions were fever （96.01 per 100 000）， but 2 939 （27.20 per 100 000） were rare reactions， with 408 from MV （25.12 per 100 000）， 1 983 from MR （48.59 per 100 000） and 548 from MMR （10.75 per 100 000）. Most of rare reactions were allergic rash （25.00 per 100 000）. Conclusion:MCV has a good safety profile but we should continue to strengthen MCV-related AEFI surveillance.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the surveillance of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) among 8-month-old children in Jiaxing who received measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) or measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MR) , so as to provide support for the adjustment of vaccine immunization strategy.@*Methods @#The AEFI information of MR (December 1, 2016 to April 30, 2018) and MMR (December 1, 2018 to April 30, 2020) was collected through National AEFI Monitoring Information Management System to compare the incidence, clinical features, occurred time of AEFI as well as combined vaccination.@*Results@#Totally 94 287 doses of MR and 79 994 doses of MMR were administered, 145 and 156 cases of AEFI were reported, and the incidence rate was 15.38/10 000 after MR vaccination, which was lower than 19.50/10 000 after MMR vaccination (P<0.05). Most reported AEFI were abnormal reactions, with 93 cases (11.63/10 000) after MR vaccination and 101 cases (10.71/10 000) after MMR vaccination, among which 72 cases (7.64/10 000) and 76 cases (9.50/10 000) respectively had allergic rash. The AEFI cases mainly occurred less than one day after vaccination, with 113 cases (77.93%) after MR vaccination and 125 cases (80.13%) after MMR vaccination. Most cases of AEFI were vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine (JEV), with 103 cases (71.03%) after MR vaccination and 102 cases (65.38%) after MMR vaccination.@*Conclusions@#The MMR is safety for 8-month-old children in Jiaxing. Most AEFI cases had abnormal reactions, occur within one day after vaccination, and are vaccinated with JEV.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To learn the status and influencing factors of the purchase of supplementary insurance for adverse events following immunization ( AEFI ) by parents in Changsha, so as to provide basis for the development of compensatory strategies.@*Methods@#Stratified random sampling method was used to select the parents who lived in Changsha for more than six months and had children under seven years old as subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information about demographic features, awareness of AEFI and the purchase of supplementary insurance. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for purchasing supplementary insurance. @*Results@#Among 712 respondents ( response rate, 94.93% ) , 354 ( 49.72% ) purchased supplementary insurance. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the parents aged 36-71 years ( OR=0.325, 95%CI: 0.144-0.732 ) were less likely to purchase supplementary insurance; the parents who were aware of supplementary insurance ( OR=3.622, 95%CI: 2.218-5.913 ) and compensation range ( OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.164-1.524 ) , and who scored higher in the knowledge and attitude of AEFI ( OR=1.137, 95%CI: 1.049-1.231 ) were more likely to purchase supplementary insurance.@*Conclusion @#About 49.72% of the parents purchased of supplementary insurance. Age, awareness of supplementary insurance and compensation range,as well as knowledge and attitude of AEFI were associated with the purchase of supplementary insurance.
ABSTRACT
Background@#In response to the pandemic brought about by COVID-19, vaccines were developed immediately. Together with adhering to safety protocols, vaccines are needed to help decrease the mortality and morbidity. As with any other, COVID-19 vaccines are evaluated based on efficacy and safety. Real world data is important in the recommendation of vaccines. @*Objectives@#This study aims to assess the short-term safety of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines administered to Filipino adolescents from October 15, 2021 to December 15, 2021 at the Philippine General Hospital. The number and type of local and systemic reaction within 7 days of vaccination were determined. @*Methods@#This is a retrospective cohort study. The review of the recorded events was done through an electronic diary that was accessed from the official Electronic Medical Records of University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). This included solicited and prespecified local and systemic reactions that occurred within 7 days of receipt of vaccine dose. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data. @*Results@#Out of the 1,756 BNT162b2 vaccines administered (Dose 1- 890; Dose 2- 866), 13% (N=221) indicated having adverse reaction. Injection site pain was the overall most common reaction with majority (81%) experiencing it within 7 days of vaccination. Systemic reactions made up 60% of the reactions after Dose 1 and 85% of the reactions after Dose 2. This includes tiredness, headache and fever. None of the reactions required hospitalization or further workup. @*Conclusion@#BNT162b2 vaccine has a good safety profile among adolescents vaccinated at UP-PGH, since most of the reported adverse events within 7 days of vaccination were local and systemic reactogenic reactions that did not necessitate hospitalization or work-up. No serious adverse events were reported. Further follow-up is suggested to assess longer term safety.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 VaccinesABSTRACT
Background: Rabies is one of the commonest zoonotic diseases due to Lyssa virus. Rabies is a 100% fatal disease. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical profile of the victims helps in the prevention of dog bite. But rabies is 100% preventable by pre and post exposure prophylaxis vaccination. Evaluation of side effects of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) is helpful in the pre and post exposure prophylaxis.Methods: Authors did a descriptive study of 1450 dog-bitten children. Using the pro-forma, authors interviewed the parents, examined the children. Using W.H.O classification, authors classified the dog bite wounds. Anti-rabies vaccination was administered to category 2 dog bite wounded children. Side effects of vaccination are recorded.Results: Out of 1450 children, significantly more number of boys (67%) in the age group of 10-12 years (31%), from class IV socioeconomic category (52%), nuclear families (80%), sustained category III dog bite (52%) in the lower limb (48%) by unvaccinated (82%) stray dogs (60%) while playing or walking (52%) in the street (60%) during night (72%). Purified Vero cell culture rabies vaccine is having rare mild local side effects (2%), rare mild systemic side effects (4.16%) and very rare systemic allergic reaction (0.14%) but no major side effects.Conclusions: Dog bites can be prevented by not allowing the children to play or walk alone in the street especially during night. The severity of wound can be minimized by wearing fully covered extremities. Vaccination of dogs and population control of stray dogs will reduce rabies. There were no major side-effects or adverse events following vaccination (AEFI) with anti-rabies vaccination. Rare mild local side effects and very rare mild systemic side effects may happen.