Association of oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin with late-onsethypertension in Chinese Han population resided in the Daxinganling area / 基础医学与临床

Objective To identify the association of oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SaO2) with late-onset hypertension in the Chinese Han population located in the Daxinganling area.Methods A total participants were selected by convenience sampling methods from the Daxinganling area.All data were collected from each person by the questionnaire record of physical examinations as well as biochemical index measuring.SaO2 was noninvasively measured with finger pulse oxymetry,the reported SaO2 was the average of three readings taken 10 seconds apart.Results There were significant differences for SaO2 within the population of individuals,the mean SaO2 values was 97.71%±6.14%,with range from 88% to 100%.There was association of SaO2 with sex,BMI and age.SaO2 level declined with BMI and age increasing.Particularly,it was found that the risk increasing to hypertension was marked association with SaO2 rapid drop.During the period from 40-50 years of age,SaO2 declined from 97.85% to 97.64%,The risk to hypertension increased more than 10 times(P<0.001).That implicated hypoxia mightinvolve in the etiology of hypertension.Conclusions The preliminary results demonstrated the rapid decline of SaO2 with lapse of age may be one of the major risk factors to hypertension,it may be helpful to explain late-onset hypertension to some extent at least.

Como tudo começou / How it all began / Como todo empezó

Este estudo relata a experiência de duas pessoas, adultos homens, que vivenciaram o processo demencial de um de seus familiares, e nos fazem confrontar o que significa uma velhice saudável e a realidade de uma velhice acompanhada de dependência. O objetivo aqui é, pois, discutir, de um lado, o que significa um envelhecer saudável, ou independente e ativo e, por outro, levantar a questão a respeito da problemática que se passa a vivenciar a partir do momento em que um dos membros de uma família é acometido por algum tipo de dependência e/ou doença crônica, demência, Alzheimer  doenças essas que exigem tratamento prolongado, custo financeiro elevado e cuidados específicos e continuados. Nossa realidade mostra que a maior parte das famílias procura a institucionalização quando algum de seus membros apresenta um quadro de demência, sem saber ao certo as alterações que ocorrem a seu idoso, menos ainda quanto aos cuidados a serem tomados nessa situação. Assim como preservar a identidade no processo de envelhecimento é parte fundamental da existência humana, o envelhecimento, por sua vez, norteia mudanças em família que exigem novos conhecimentos a serem adquiridos e aplicados diante das novas situações que passam a ser vivenciadas.

This study portrays the impressions of two adult men who have experienced the insane process of one of their family members and make us confront what a healthy old age means and the reality of an old age accompanied by dependency. The aim here is to discuss, on the one hand, what healthy aging means, or independent and active, and, on the other hand, raise the question about the problematic that is experienced from the moment one of the members of a family is affected by some type of dependence and / or chronic illness, dementia, Alzheimer's illnesses that require prolonged treatment, high financial cost and specific and continued care. Our reality shows that most families seek institutionalization when one of their members presents with dementia, without knowing for sure the changes that occur to their elderly, let alone how much care to take in this situation. Just as preserving identity in the aging process is a fundamental part of human existence, aging, in turn, guides changes in the family that require new knowledge to be acquired and applied to the new situations that come to be experienced.

Este estudio retrata las impresiones de dos personas, adultos varones, que han vivido el proceso demencial de uno de sus familiares, y nos hacen confrontar lo que significa una vejez sana y la realidad de una vejez acompañada de dependencia. El objetivo aquí es, pues, discutir, por un lado, lo que significa un envejecimiento sano, o independiente y activo y, por otro, plantear la cuestión sobre la problemática que se vive a partir del momento en que uno de los miembros de una familia es acometida por algún tipo de dependencia y / o enfermedad crónica, demencia, Alzheimer, enfermedades que requieren tratamiento prolongado, alto costo financiero y cuidados específicos y continuados. Nuestra realidad muestra que la mayoría de las familias buscan la institucionalización cuando alguno de sus miembros presenta un cuadro de demencia, sin saber con certeza las alteraciones que ocurren a su anciano, menos aún en cuanto a los cuidados a ser tomados en esa situación. Así como preservar la identidad en el proceso de envejecimiento es parte fundamental de la existencia humana, el envejecimiento, a su vez, orienta cambios en familia que exigen nuevos conocimientos a ser adquiridos y aplicados ante las nuevas situaciones que pasan a ser vivenciadas.

Four Years Prospective Study of Natural History of Atopic Dermatitis Aged 7~8 Years at an Individual Level: A Community-Based Survey by Dermatologists' Skin Examination in Childhood

BACKGROUND: The age-dependent change in atopic dermatitis (AD) at an individual level has mostly performed in a hospital-setting. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the age-dependent change of AD symptoms at an individual level in a community-setting. METHODS: For the diagnostic accuracy, all participants of schoolchildren were received skin examination by dermatologists (twice a year for the same group), instead of questionnaire-based surveys. For this study, sequential check-ups of 273 elementary school children, aged 7~8 years, were performed for 4 years up to the age of 10~11 years. RESULTS: Among the 47 AD children, who had been diagnosed as having AD at the first-year check-up, spontaneous remission was detected in nine children during the follow-up periods (remission rate of 19.1%). As a consequence, the one-year AD prevalence was decreased by 5.9% in the elementary schoolchildren over four years. Unexpectedly, late onset (after 8 years of age) AD was observed in 21.7% of AD children. There was no statistically significant relationship between spontaneous remission and host factors including sex and family history of atopic diseases. CONCLUSION: We observed that 19.1% of AD children in the age group of 7~11 years showed spontaneous remission based on skin examination by dermatologists. There might be an increase in the prevalence of late onset AD in Korea.

Emergencies in the Very Young Patients – A Primer

The family physician has the monumental task of deciding if a pediatric patient can be treated as an outpatient or needs to be referred to the hospital for further acute care. Some common conditions that may be discharged without referral include the stable child with a minor head injury and balanitis. Others may be complicated by decompensated gastroenteritis or serious bacterial infections such as unstable pneumonia and urinary tract infection in the very young. The younger the child, the more subtle the signs and symptoms are. There is also a higher incidence of congenital conditions like pyloric stenosis in the very young that are unique in this population group. This article summarises such conditions with helpful hints on recognition of abnormal vital signs, and seeks to act as a guide to assist the family physician who may face these patients in his daily practice.

Emergencies in the Very Young Patients – A Primer

The family physician has the monumental task of deciding if a pediatric patient can be treated as an outpatient or needs to be referred to the hospital for further acute care. Some common conditions that may be discharged without referral include the stable child with a minor head injury and balanitis. Others may be complicated by decompensated gastroenteritis or serious bacterial infections such as unstable pneumonia and urinary tract infection in the very young. The younger the child, the more subtle the signs and symptoms are. There is also a higher incidence of congenital conditions like pyloric stenosis in the very young that are unique in this population group. This article summarises such conditions with helpful hints on recognition of abnormal vital signs, and seeks to act as a guide to assist the family physician who may face these patients in his daily practice.

Gender-Related Differences in a Process of the Age-Dependent Alterations of the Elements in Monkey Sino-Atrial Node

Gender differences in the trace elements of monkey sino-atrial (SA) node were investigated in a process of age-dependent alterations. Sixty hearts from Japanese and rhesus monkeys (30 male and 30 female) used were aged ranging from 1-day- to 30-year-old. The elements were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Advancing age decreased all the trace elements. Ca, P, S and Mg significantly decreased. The correlation coefficients of Ca and P were -0.178+/-0.081 (p<0.05) and -0.088+/-0.022 (p<0.05) in male (n=30), and -0.095+/-0.026 (p<0.05) and -0.069+/-0.017 (p<0.05) in female (n=30), respectively. The age-dependent coefficients for Fe/Ca, Zn/Ca, Fe/P, Fe/S, Zn/S, Fe/Mg and Zn/Mg were exhibited markedly in male, but all was less in female. In gender-related differences, only a ratio of P/Ca (p<0.05) was significantly observed with ageing. The trace elements such as Cu, Se and Sn were less detected in the SA nodes. These results indicate that the age-dependent changes in the ratios of elements are appeared more rapidly in male monkey SA node, and the gender difference is observed in ratio of P/Ca. The different attenuations may be involved with the age- and gender-related SA nodal functions.

Differential Expression of Activating Transcription Factor-2 and c-Jun in the Immature and Adult Rat Hippocampus Following Lithium-Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus

PURPOSE: Lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (LPSE) causes selective and age-dependent neuronal death, although the mechanism of maturation-related injury has not yet been clarified. The activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) protein is essential for the normal development of mammalian brain and is activated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). It induces the expression of the c-jun gene and modulates the function of the c-Jun protein, a mediator of neuronal death and survival. Therefore, we investigated the expression of c-Jun and ATF-2 protein in the immature and adult rat hippocampus to understand their roles in LPSE-induced neuronal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lithium chloride was administrated to P10 and adult rats followed by pilocarpine. Neuronal injury was assessed by silver and cresyl violet staining, performed 72 hours after status epilepticus. For evaluation of the expression of ATF-2 and c-Jun by immunohistochemical method and Western blot, animals were sacrificed at 0, 4, 24, and 72 hours after the initiation of seizure. RESULTS: Neuronal injury and expression of c-Jun were maturation-dependently increased by LPSE, whereas ATF-2 immunoreactivity decreased in the mature brain. Since both c-Jun and ATF-2 are activated by JNK, and targets and competitors in the same signal transduction cascade, we could speculate that ATF-2 may compete with c-Jun for JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: The results suggested a neuroprotective role of ATF-2 in this maturation-related evolution of neuronal cell death from status epilepticus.

Age-Dependent Feature of Damage of Hippocampus at Different Maturational Stages after Repeated Seizures in Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe age-dependent feature of damage of hippocampus to different maturational stages rats after kindling repeated seizures.Methods The effects of 5 daily pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in different rats beginning at postnatal day 10,20,60(P10,P20,P60)were evaluated.In the 3 groups,Thionin staining method was utilized to observe morphological changes and cell counting of dentate granule cells,CA3,CA1,and hilar neurons.Timm's method of silver sulfide staining was adopted to observe the mossy fiber sprouting.Results 1.Cell counting of CA1,CA3 and hilar neurons in P10 and P20 groups demonstrated no differences from controls in rats,whereas P60 with daily seizures had a significant decrease in CA1,CA3 neurons(8.22?1.88,5.62?1.68 vs 6.31?1.50,3.62?1.40)(t=2.246,2.587 Pa

Age-dependent Effect of Metabolism and Testicular Toxicity to di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent response of testicular toxicity and the mechanism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced testicular toxicity. METHODS: DEHP was administered orally in doses of 0, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day, for 7 days, to 3, 6 and 9 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Testicular weight and sperm head counts, plasma level of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and testicular lipid peroxidation were measured. Histopathological changes in the testis were observed. RESULTS: Reductions in weight gains, and relative testis weights, were observed in the 3 week-old rats in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the 6 and 9 week-old rats, compared to those of the control rats. Sperm head counts were decreased in the 6 week-old rats exposed to 2.0 g/kg/day, but not in the 9 week-old rats. Testicular atrophy and significant size reduction of the seminiferous tubule were observed in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old rats. The plasma concentrations of MEHP were higher than those of DEHP, with these levels being most elevated in the younger rats. Lipid peroxidation, following exposed to DEHP, was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old, but with no changes in the 6 and 9 week-old rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the age related difference observed in the testicular response to the oral administration of DEHP may be due to the metabolism, and that oxidative stress may be related to the mechanism of DEHP induced testicular toxicity.

Age-dependent Effect of Metabolism and Testicular Toxicity to di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent response of testicular toxicity and the mechanism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced testicular toxicity. METHODS: DEHP was administered orally in doses of 0, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day, for 7 days, to 3, 6 and 9 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Testicular weight and sperm head counts, plasma level of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and testicular lipid peroxidation were measured. Histopathological changes in the testis were observed. RESULTS: Reductions in weight gains, and relative testis weights, were observed in the 3 week-old rats in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the 6 and 9 week-old rats, compared to those of the control rats. Sperm head counts were decreased in the 6 week-old rats exposed to 2.0 g/kg/day, but not in the 9 week-old rats. Testicular atrophy and significant size reduction of the seminiferous tubule were observed in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old rats. The plasma concentrations of MEHP were higher than those of DEHP, with these levels being most elevated in the younger rats. Lipid peroxidation, following exposed to DEHP, was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old, but with no changes in the 6 and 9 week-old rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the age related difference observed in the testicular response to the oral administration of DEHP may be due to the metabolism, and that oxidative stress may be related to the mechanism of DEHP induced testicular toxicity.

Contral study on topiramate monotherapy and add-on therapy treating children with age dependent epileptic encephalopathy / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective Study the ideal drug to treat age depen de nt epileptic ncephalopathy (ADEE) in earlier period. Methods fi fty-four patients with ADEE were studyed.21 cases used with single topiramate(T PM) as initial treatment and 27 cases used with TPM and antiepileptic drug(AEDs ) .Results Seizure was fully controlled in 11 patients with TPM m onotherapy and in 4 patients with TPM as adjunction.The differences was signif icant(P