Blood gas analysis in pigs submitted to different concentrations of nitrous oxide or oxygen, under different ventilatory modalities / Estudo hemogasométrico em suínos submetidos a diferentes concentrações de óxido nitroso ou oxigênio, sob diferentes modalidades ventilatórias

The effects of different concentrations of oxygen and nitrous oxide on blood gas parameters in pigs maintained under spontaneous or pressure-controlled ventilation, with or without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), were compared. Forty-eight pigs were randomly divided into six groups, submitted to different concentrations of compressed air or N2O, associated with different fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2). The group subject to 30% of compressed air (GA30) showed the closest proximity to the physiological range of partial pressure (PaO2) expected for the species. For oxygen saturation (SaO2), the values obtained were below the lower physiological limit in the group administered 30% N2O (GN30). Use of PEEP positively interfered in PaCO2 independent of FiO2, however, its effectiveness can be compromised when complemented by N2O-based anesthesia. For SaO2, only GN30 showed values lower than adequate for maintaining tissue oxygenation. The pH, base deficit and bicarbonate in arterial blood were influenced by FiO2 and N2O. In conclusion, the use of compressed air maintains blood gas parameters at their most stable, especially GA30 and PEEP, which seemed to positively influence the experimental groups, with some interference from FiO2 and N2O.(AU)

Compararam-se os efeitos de diferentes concentrações do óxido nitroso ou oxigênio sobre variáveis hemogasométricas, em suínos mantidos em ventilação espontânea ou controlada à pressão, associada ou não à pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP). Foram utilizados 48 porcos, distribuídos em seis grupos. Administraram-se diferentes concentrações de ar comprimido ou N2O, associadas a diversas frações de oxigênio inspirado (FiO2). O grupo sujeito a 30% de ar comprimido (GA30) mostrou maior proximidade do intervalo fisiológico da pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2). Para a saturação de oxigênio (SaO2), observaram-se valores aquém do limite inferior fisiológico no grupo administrado com 30% de N2O (GN30). A utilização da PEEP é capaz de interferir positivamente na PaCO2, independentemente da FiO2, porém tem a efetividade comprometida quando há complemento da anestesia com o N2O. Para a SaO2, apenas o GN30 esboçou valores inferiores aos adequados para manutenção da oxigenação tecidual. O pH, o déficit base e o bicarbonato no sangue arterial foram influenciados pela FiO2 e pelo N2O. Concluiu-se que o uso do ar comprimido mantém os parâmetros hemogasométricos mais estáveis, com destaque para o GA30 e a PEEP, o que parece influenciar positivamente os grupos experimentais, mas com interferência da FiO2 e do N2O.(AU)

Two novel compounds from Ardisia punctata Lindl / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Ardisia punctata,compounds were isolated with a combination of multi-chromatography.Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison to those of the known compounds.A 1,4-benzoquinone derivative and a alkylphenol were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the roots of Ardisia punctata.Their structures were elucidated as 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-tridecyl-4-acetoxy-6-methoxy)-phenoxyl]-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1) and 2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-6-tridecyl-phenyl acetate (2).The two compounds are both new.

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Reclaimed Water Produced by a Certain Water Plant: Some Preliminary Results / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the concentrations of endocrine disrupting compounds in reclaimed water samples. Methods A solid-phase extraction (SPE)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analytical method was used for the separation and determination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) from water samples. The water samples were collected from each process of the reclaimed water plant of Tianjin, China. Important and contrasting EDCs including estrone (E1), 17?-estradiol (E2), 17?-ethynylestradiol (EE2), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were selected as the target compounds. C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was used for the extraction recoveries of target compounds from water samples while ethyl acetate was efficient in eluting EDCs from SPE cartridges. After elution from the SPE column, the t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) derivatives of EDCs with N-methyl-N-(tertbutyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) were analyzed by GC-MS in the selected ion mode (SIM). Results Concentrations of steroid hormones, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters ranged from not detected to 7.01 ng/L, 4.85 ng/L, and 0.03 ?g/L to 23.82 ?g/L, respectively. Conclusion Environmental endocrine disrupting compounds are not completely removed in the process of reclaimed water treatment and will be carried over into the general aquatic environment as it will be reused.