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Introducción. La rinitis alérgica (RA) es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en la población pediátrica, afecta la calidad de vida del niño y la familia, tiene impacto económico y es frecuentemente subdiagnosticada y subtratada. Dada la escasez de datos locales, se describe su prevalencia y las características clínicas de la población en estudio. Población y métodos. Estudio observacional de corte transversal de pacientes menores de 19 años. Resultados. Se incluyeron 250 pacientes al azar, con una media de edad de 9 años (DE 5) Presentaron diagnóstico de RA 14 de ellos; se observó una prevalencia de RA del 6 %. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de RA en nuestro medio es del 6 %. Debemos darle la relevancia que amerita para brindar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado.
Introduction. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in the pediatric population; it affects the quality of life of children and their families, has economic impact, and is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Given the scarcity of local data, here we describe the prevalence of AR and the clinical characteristics of the study population. Population and methods. Observational, cross-sectional study in patients younger than 19 years. Results. A total of 250 patients were randomly included; their mean age was 9 years (SD: 5). AR was diagnosed in 14 of them. The prevalence of AR was 6%. Conclusions. The prevalence of AR in our setting was 6%. AR should be given the relevance it deserves so as to provide an adequate diagnosis and treatment.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Hospitals, General , Pediatrics , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospital Departments/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido la causa de morbilidad y mortalidad muy elevadas a escala mundial, que también ha afectado al personal de salud debido a la naturaleza propia de su trabajo, muchas veces en condiciones inseguras y con riesgo de contagio. Objetivo: Caracterizar a trabajadores de la salud afectados por la covid-19 según variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 114 trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente José Martí Pérez de Santiago de Cuba, en el 2021. Para recoger la información se revisó la base de datos del Departamento de Higiene y Epidemiología y se elaboraron encuestas. Resultados: Se encontró un predominio del sexo femenino (78,0 %), en las edades de 30 a 59 años (83,3 %). Los antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial estuvieron presentes en 46,5 % de los afectados. La pérdida del olfato resultó ser el síntoma más frecuente (53,5 %). La neumonía (14,9 %) y la fatiga (37,7 %) fueron la complicación y la secuela que prevalecieron. Los médicos representaron 50,0 % en el perfil ocupacional y el área de contagio más frecuente fue el policlínico (36,8 %). Conclusiones: Las características clínicas y sociodemográficas encontradas en los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19 mostraron que este personal es vulnerable, por lo que se debe cumplir estrictamente con las medidas de bioseguridad.
Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has been the very high morbidity and mortality cause worldwide that has also affected the health personnel due to the nature characteristic of its work, many times under insecure conditions and with infection risk. Objective: To characterize health workers affected by covid-19 according to clinical and sociodemographic variables. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 114 health workers with COVID-19 belonging to José Martí Pérez Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, in 2021. To pick up the information the database of the Hygiene and Epidemiology Department was revised and surveys were elaborated. Results: There was a prevalence of the female sex (78.0 %), aged 30 to 59 (83.3 %). The personal history of hypertension was present in 46.5% of those affected. The loss of smell was the most frequent symptom (53.5 %). Pneumonia (14.9 %) and fatigue (37.7%) were the complication and sequel that prevailed. Doctors represented 50.0% in the occupational profile and the most frequent infection area was the polyclinic (36.8 %). Conclusions: The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics found in health workers with COVID-19 showed that this personnel is vulnerable, reason why biosafety measures should be strictly followed.
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A dermatite de contato por plantas é um problema ocupacional muito comum. Flores e folhas são relatadas como causadoras de dermatite irritativa primária, tanto química como mecânica, dermatite de contato alérgica e fitofotodermatites. Frente à variedade de plantas potenciais causadoras de dermatoses e o modo como foi concluído o diagnóstico, relatamos um caso de dermatite de contato alérgica pelo gênero Chrysanthemum em uma paciente florista que buscou seu diagnóstico por mais de 10 anos. Fragmentos das pétalas e folhas de manuseio mais frequente pela paciente foram utilizados para confecção de um teste de contato personalizado que permitiu a conclusão diagnóstica e correta condução da paciente. Assim, ressaltamos a importância da realização do teste de contato personalizado, em especial nos casos suspeitos de dermatite de contato alérgica, onde o teste (bateria padrão) resultou negativo e/ou as substâncias suspeitas não se encontraram contempladas.
Plant contact dermatitis is a very common occupational problem. Flowers and leaves are reported to cause primary irritant dermatitis (both chemical and mechanical), allergic contact dermatitis, and phytophotodermatitis. Given the variety of plants that could potentially cause dermatoses and the way in which the diagnosis was established, we report a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the genus Chrysanthemum in a florist who had sought a diagnosis for more than 10 years. Fragments of the petals and leaves most frequently handled by the patient were used to create a personalized patch test that allowed conclusive diagnosis and, finally, appropriate management. We highlight the importance of carrying out personalized patch testing, especially in cases of suspected allergic contact dermatitis in which the standard test battery was negative and/or did not cover the suspected substances.
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Humans , Female , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The type Ⅱ inflammatory response is primarily mediated by type 2 immune cells and cytokines,such as helper 2 cells(Th2)and group 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2),along with IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13.This response plays crucial roles in humoral immunity,parasite defense,toxin neutralization,tissue damage repair and regeneration.However,type-Ⅱ immune response can also contribute to the development of diseases.Currently,type Ⅱ inflammation is recognized to have physiological and pathological impli-cations in the skin,respiratory tract,digestive tract and adipose tissues.Moreover,it serves as a major cause of allergic diseases.Due to its unique immune microenvironment,the respiratory tract exhibits a high prevalence of type Ⅱ inflammation encompassing chronic sinusitis,allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with eosinophilia among others.This review will focus on the research progress concerning Th2 and ILC2 cells in allergic pulmonary inflam-mation as well as targeted therapy for allergic diseases.
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Objective:To construct a mouse asthma model induced by mugwort pollen and to explore endotyping,providing methods for subsequent precision treatment.Methods:BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with mugwort pollen extract(MPE)to sensitize,following MPE intranasal challenge to construct MPE allergic asthma murine model.Mice were randomly divided into PBS sensitization and PBS challenge(P-P),MPE sensitization and PBS challenge(M-P),MPE sensitization and MPE challenge model(M-M)groups.24 h after final challenge,mice were performed to examine airway responsiveness;bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was harvested for cell counting and statistical classification of inflammatory cells through flow cytometry analysis.Pulmonary slides were collected for pathological examination,including HE,PAS,Masson and α-SMA immunohistochemical staining.ELISA was used to detect levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-17A in lung tissue and serum,as well as serum total IgE and MPE-specific IgE,IgG1,IgG2a levels.Results:Pathological examination showed higher airway reactivity,more inflammatory cells infiltration around airway,obvious goblet metaplasia,thickening of airway smooth muscles and dramatical fibrin deposition around airway in model group.Total cell numbers of BALF were increased from<1×105 cells/ml in P-P group to>5×105 cells/ml in model group,in which eosinophils were predominant cellular type,levels of IL-4,IL-13,IL-17A in lung and IL-5,IL-13 levels in serum were significantly increased,as well as significant increasing levels of total IgE and MPE-specific IgE,IgG1,IgG2a.Conclusion:MPE-sensitized and challenged mice induces typical eosinophilic asthma featured with elevated eosinophils,as well as secretion of inflammatory factors of type 2 and type 17,IgE,IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes soars to high levels.
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Objective:To figure out the regulatory role of cimifugin in the inflammatory injury and epithelial barrier function in house dust mite(HDM)-induced human bronchial epithelial cells via NF-κB signaling.Methods:Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were divided into blank control(Control)group,HDM group,HDM+cimifugin(0.01 μmol/L)group,HDM+cimifugin(0.1 μmol/L)group,HDM+cimifugin(1 μmol/L)group and positive drug(HDM+Dex)group.Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively estimated by MTT and TUNEL assays.Levels of inflammatory factors in cells were examined by ELISA.Transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)and FITC-dextran 40 kD(FD-40)flux assessed the permeability of cell monolayers.Nuclear translocation of NF-κB in cells was detected by immunofluorescence assay.Western blot was used to analysis expressions of apoptosis,inflammatory,tight junction and NF-κB signaling-associated proteins.Results:HDM induced viability injury,apoptosis,inflammatory response,epithelial barrier damage and activated NF-κB signaling(all P<0.001)in BEAS-2B cells.Cimifugin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the viability injury(P<0.05),apoptosis(P<0.01),inflammatory response(P<0.05),epithelial barrier damage(P<0.05)and inactivated NF-κB signaling(P<0.05)in BEAS-2B cells exposed to HDM.Conclusion:Cimifugin significantly inhibits HDM-elicited inflammatory injury and epithelial barrier damage in bronchial epithelial cells.This finding may provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
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Allergic rhinitis(AR)is a type Ⅰ allergic reaction,which mediated by immunoglobulin E immediately when an individual with a special constitution is exposed to a same allergen for second time,whose pathogenesis has not been clarified yet,and closely related to genes,immune cells and cytokines.Pathogenesis of AR become more deeper and more accurate due to rapid develop-ment of molecular biology and second-generation gene sequencing technology.Current studies have found that miR-155 and transcrip-tion factor GATA3 have important regulatory effects on occurrence and development of AR,then affect dominant differentiation of CD4+T lymphocytes and proliferation of ILC2.This article discusses and reviews pathogenesis of AR,which mainly focuses on miR-155/GATA3 pathway and effects of related upstream genes and downstream regulatory substances.
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Objective To explore the possible mechanism of Xiebaisan in protecting against allergic asthma in rats from the perspective of host intestinal flora metabolism.Methods SPF SD rats were divided into normal group(NC group),model group(M group),and Xiebaisan group.The allergic asthma rat model was established by ovalbumin.Changes in lung histopathology were observed by HE staining.Colon contents were harvested for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to assess changes in the intestinal flora structure and function.Serum and lung tissue samples were collected for non-targeted metabolomics by Ultra-high performance liquid-time-of-flight mass spectrometer.Results HE staining showed some improvement of lung histomorphology in asthmatic rats in the Xiebaisan group compared with that in the M group.16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity of intestinal flora was decreased in the M group and increased in the Xiebaisan group compared with the M group,the microecosystem of intestinal was improved.Non-targeted metabolomics of serum showed regulation of amino acid metabolism and the mTOR pathway in the Xiebaisan group,and partially reversed differential metabolite expression in the M group.Non-targeted metabonomics of lung tissue samples showed regulation of carbon metabolism,vascular smooth muscle and cAMP signaling pathways in the Xiebaisan group,and partially reversed differential metabolite expression in the M group.Conclusions The protective effects of Xiebaisan on allergic asthma in rats may be related to improvement of the morphological structure of lung tissue,the diversity of intestinal flora,and regulation of mTOR,vascular smooth muscle contraction,and cAMP pathways,which affect amino acid and carbon metabolism.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of IL-18, IL-18-binding protein a(IL-18BPa) and IL-18 receptor α(IL-18Rα) by peripheral blood CD4 + Th17 cells of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects of allergens on their expression. Methods:This study enrolled 45 outpatients with AR and 23 healthy control subjects receiving physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from October 2019 to September 2020. According to the results of skin prick test, the 45 patients were divided into two groups: AR group with positive results (24 cases) and nAR group with negative results (21 cases). Blood samples of them were collected. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effects of allergens on the expression of IL-18, IL-18BPa and IL-18Rα at protein level by peripheral blood CD4 + Th17 cells. The level of IL-17A in plasma was measured by Bioplex system, and its correlation with the percentage of IL-18 + Th17 cells was analyzed. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the AR group showed increased ratios of CD4 + Th17 and IL-18 + Th17 cells ( P<0.01), decreased ratio of IL-18BPa + Th17 cells ( P<0.01), enhanced mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL-18BPa ( P<0.01) and reduced MFI of IL-18Rα ( P<0.01); the nAR group showed enhanced MFI of IL-18BPa ( P<0.000 1) and reduced MFI of IL-18Rα ( P<0.000 1). The ratio of IL-18 + Th17 cells and the MFI of IL-18Rα in the AR group were higher than those in the nAR group ( P<0.05, P<0.01). House dust mite extract and Platanus pollen extract induced the expression of IL-18 and IL-18BPa by CD4 + Th17 cells of AR patients ( P<0.05). Moreover, house dust mite extract directly induced the CD4 + Th17 cells isolated from the healthy control subjects to express IL-18 and IL-18R ( P<0.05). Compared with healthy control subjects, AR patients had higher level of IL-17A in plasma and it was moderately correlated with the ratio of IL-18 + Th17 cells ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Allergens may be involved in the pathogenesis of AR by inducing blood CD4 + Th17 cells to express IL-18 and IL-18Rα.
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AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of emedastine difumarate eye drops combined with fluorometholone eye drops on allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 115 patients(230 eyes)with allergic conjunctivitis who received treatment from June 2020 to August 2022 were selected, and they were divided into the observation group(56 cases, 112 eyes)and the control group(59 cases, 118 eyes)according to whether to use fluorometholone eye drops combined with the conventional use of emedastine difumarate eye drops. The clinical symptoms and signs, tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining score and complications of the two groups were observed before treatment and at 4 wk after treatment.RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of eye symptoms and signs in the two groups were decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05); BUT of the two groups was longer than that before treatment, and the observation group was longer than that of the control group(P<0.05); The corneal fluorescein staining scores of the two groups decreased, and those of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups after treatment(3.6% vs 5.1%; P>0.05).CONCLUSION: With high therapeutic safety and effectiveness, the combination of emedastine difumarate eye drops and fluorometholone eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis can significantly reduce the patient's symptom and sign scores, prolong BUT, promote a decrease in corneal fluorescein staining scores, improve efficacy, and do not increase the risk of complications.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in the treatment of severe allergic asthma from the perspective of healthcare providers in China. METHODS Based on the data from an international multicenter study of omalizumab in the treatment of severe allergic asthma， the Markov model was constructed according to the progression of severe allergic asthma， with a cycle of 4 weeks. Long-term health outcomes and costs of omalizumab combined with standard of care（SoC） regimen versus SoC regimen in the treatment of severe allergic asthma were simulated by using quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio（ICER） as output indexes. One-way sensitivity analysis， probabilistic sensitivity analysis， and scenario analysis were performed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS Compared with the SoC regimen， ICER for the omalizumab combined with SoC regimen was 107 723.05 yuan/QALY， which was less than the willingness-to-pay（WTP） threshold （268 074 yuan/QALY） calculated by three times per capita gross domestic product（GDP） in China in 2023. The one-way sensitivity analysis showed that the baseline serum level of immunoglobulin E had the greatest impact on the robustness of the model. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the omalizumab+SoC regimen had a 93.00% probability of being cost- effective. The scenario analysis showed that in the real world， the billing method of omalizumab based on specifications rather than actual usage may increase ICER. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the SoC regimen， the combination of omalizumab and SoC regimen for treating severe allergic asthma is cost-effective， with a WTP threshold of three times China’s per capita GDP
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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Bimin Formula （鼻敏方） in treating lung-spleen qi deficiency syndrome of allergic rhinitis （AR） with high mucin secretion. MethodsThirty-four SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group （8 rats）， a model group （8 rats）， a low-dose Bimin Formula group （8 rats）， and a high-dose Bimin Formula group （10 rats）. Except for the blank group， the other groups were subjected to AR lung-spleen qi deficiency rat models induced by smoking， gavage of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract， and ovalbumin. After modeling， rats in the low- and high-dose Bimin Formula groups were given Bimin Formula concentrate （concentration of 2.16 g/ml） by gavage at doses of 1.08 g/100 g and 2.16 g/100 g， respectively， while rats in the model group were given 0.5 ml/100 g of normal saline by gavage， once daily for 28 days； the blank group was not intervened. Behavioral assessments were performed after intervention. ELISA was used to detect the levels of peripheral blood total immunoglobulin E （IgE）. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of nasal mucosa epithelium in rats， while immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of transmembrane protein 16A （TMEM16A） and mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） protein in nasal mucosa. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） protein， and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TMEM16A， MUC5AC， and NF-κB mRNA in nasal mucosa. ResultsHE staining showed that the nasal mucosa epithelial cell structure in the blank group was intact without shedding， swelling， or necrosis； the nasal mucosa epithelial tissue of rats in the model group was thickened and partially shed， with infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes visible； the pathological changes in nasal mucosa tissue of rats in the high- and low-dose Bimin Formulagroups were improved， and more improvement was showen in the high-dose group. Compared with those in the blank group， the behavioral scores and peripheral blood total IgE levels of rats in the model group significantly increased， as well as the expression of TMEM16A， MUC5AC， and NF-κB proteins and mRNA in nasal mucosa （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the behavioral scores and peripheral blood total IgE levels of rats in the high-dose Bimin Formula group decreased， and the expression of TMEM16A， MUC5AC， and NF-κB proteins and mRNA in nasal mucosaalso decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the behavioral scores and peripheral blood total IgE levels of rats in the low-dose Bimin Formula group were reduced， and the expression of TMEM16A and MUC5AC proteins and mRNA in nasal mucosa， as well as the expression of NF-κB protein decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， but the difference in NF-κB mRNA expression was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Compared with the low-dose Bimin Formula group， the expression of NF-κB protein in the high-dose group decreased （P＜0.01）. ConclusionBimin Formula may improve the symptoms and high mucus secretion of AR lung-spleen qi deficiency by regulating the TMEM16A/NF-κB/MUC5AC signaling pathway in nasalmucosa.
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ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and rationality of applying relevant diagnostic and treatment programmes from textbooks as evidence in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnosis and treatment guidelines， using allergic rhinitis as an example. MethodsTextbooks published from October 1949 to December 2022， as well as TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines published until December 2022 on allergic rhinitis were searched， and the contents of diagnosis and treatment related to allergic rhinitis were extracted. The similarities and differences between textbooks in different periods， between textbooks in different versions， and between textbooks and guidelines were compared and analyzed. ResultsA total of 12 national planning textbooks on TCM otolaryngology and 4 Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment guidelines on allergic rhinitis from 1975 to 2021 were included. The evolution of diagnostic and treatment programmes was shown by the textbooks in different periods. Since 2003， syndrome of latent heat in lung channel has been added in the published textbook， and TCM featured therapies， such as nasal packing， intranasal spray were enriched， as well as the contents related to prevention and prognosis. The main syndromes included lung qi deficiency and cold， spleen qi deficiency， kidney yang deficiency， and latent heat in lung meridian. The most common recommended prescriptions were Wenfei Zhiliu Pill （温肺止流丹）， Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） and Cangerzi Powder （苍耳子散）； Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤）， Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散）； Shenqi Pill （肾气丸） or Zhenwu Decoction （真武汤）； Xinyi Qingfei Decoction （辛夷清肺饮）. A comparison of different versions of textbooks showed that the classification of syndromes was consistent， while the formulas were slightly different. The comparison between different versions of the current textbooks and the guidelines showed that the recommended prescriptions of the textbooks had more Cangerzi Powder， Xiaoqinglong Decoction （小青龙汤）， Zhenwu Decoction， etc.， while TCM featured therapies such as nose blowing， smelling， nasal plugging， nasal washing were enriched， and information on formula modification， prevention and adjustment， prognosis were also added， which can supplement the corresponding evidence for the guidelines. ConclusionTextbooks could serve as a strong supplement for the evidence-based development of TCM clinical guidelines. However， there is still a need for further research on the quality assessment system of textbook evidence to improve the credibility of its applicability of the guidelines evidence.
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【Objective】 To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AA), AR combined with AA (ARA) and the blood or lung tissue of sensitized mice, as well as the effect of allergens on its expression. 【Methods】 A total of 100 volunteers from The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University were recruited for outpatient and acute inpatient attacks, consisting of 19 healthy people (HC) with negative prick test result, 40 AR patients, 26 AA patients, and 15 ARA patients with positive prick test result. The expression of TLR9 in the peripheral blood B cells of the patients before and after stimulation by house dust mite allergen extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), and Platanus pollen allergen extract (PPE) was detected by flow cytometry. AR and AA sensitization models were established in WT mice and FcεRI-KO mice to detect the effects of allergens and FcεRI on the expression of TLR9 in B cells. 【Results】 The expression and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of TLR9 in peripheral blood B cells of unstimulated AR, AA and ARA patients were higher than those of HC. After allergen stimulation, the expression of TLR9 and its MFI in blood B cells of AR and AA patients increased (P<0.05). In WT mice and FcεRI-KO mice, compared with NS control mice, MFI was increased in almost each group. Compared with the NS control group, there was no significant difference in the expression of TLR9+ in B cells in the lung tissues of AA mice with FcεRI-KO after allergen challenge, but their MFI increased. FcεRI-KO mice had lower TLR9+ MFI in B cells after allergen challenge compared with WT mice. 【Conclusion】 TLR9 in B cells may be involved in the occurrence of AR and AA, and detecting the expression of TLR9 in B cells may be a new direction for the diagnosis of AR and AA.
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Allergic diseases seriously affect people's health,throughout the whole life cycle,from chil-dren to adults and then to the elderly allergy,can be lifelong onset,and need comprehensive prevention and treatment of the whole life cycle.Its occurrence and development have certain rules,it is usually first manifes-ted as atopic dermatitis in infants and young children,and then gradually develops into food allergy,allergic rhinitis(AR),and allergic asthma.Intervention in atopic dermatitis and or reducing the sensitization of food allergens can inhibit the allergic process and reduce the occurrence of AR and allergic asthma.Therefore,inter-vening and blocking the allergic processes is the key to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.This article focuses on the comprehensive intervention measures of allergic diseases(including health education,al-lergen intervention,nutrition intervention,daily nursing,psychological intervention)and disease monitoring,in order to promote the development of the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Helicobacter Pylori(Hp)is a spiral bacterium that colonized on the surface of gastric muco-sal epithelium.It is the main cause of gastrointestinal diseases because human is the only natural host and can survive in gastric acid.In recent years,relevant clinical studies have shown that Hp infection is closely related to hematological diseases such as allergic purpura(HSP),immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP),iron de-ficiency anemia(IDA),megaloblastic anemia(MA),lymphoma,leukemia and so on.Therefore,for Hp infec-tion,early diagnosis and treatment are of great significance for improving the efficacy of hematological diseases.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT)on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and related cytokines in preschool children aged 3-6 years with allergic rhinitis(AR).METHODS Seventy preschool children aged 3-6 years with AR were divided into the SLIT group and the medication group,and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The medication group received symptomatic treatment alone,while the SLIT group received a combined treatment of SLIT and symptomatic medication,with a 3-year follow-up period.The Treg/Th17 cell balance,serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,IL-21,as well as the total nasal symptom score(TNSS),total medication score(TMS),and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.RESULTS After 3 years of treatment,both groups showed significant improvements(P<0.05)in the percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and CD4+IL-17+Th17 cells among CD4+T cells,percentages of Treg and Th17 cells,serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,IL-21,TNSS,TMS,and VAS scores.Moreover,the SLIT group exhibited significantly better outcomes compared to the medication group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION SLIT can modulate the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and improve serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,and IL-21.
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Tic disorder（TD）is a complex chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by rapid，involuntary，non-hythmic，single or multi-part muscle movement or vocal twitching. Both TD and allergic diseases are related to the body's immune imbalance.The symptoms involve different parts or organs，and the pathogenesis are complex，which seriously affect the quality of life.Clinical studies have found a clear correlation between TD and allergic diseases，but the relationship mechanism is still unclear，mainly involving neuro-immune cross-disorders.This paper reviews the research progress of the relevant mechanisms of TD and allergic diseases，in order to enhance the cognition of the two diseases，and provide new ideas and directions for the etiological research and treatment of TD.
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Allergen immunotherapy（AIT）is currently the etiological treatment for respiratory allergic diseases，which can change the natural course of the disease.However，due to the complexity of patients' autoimmune status，allergy triggers and their complicated relationship with AIT vaccines，there are still about 40% of allergic rhinitis and 10%-20% of asthma patients who respond nonoptimally or even don't show any response to AIT. Thus，searching biomarkers that can evaluate and predict the efficacy of AIT and optimize the AIT strategy has been a major focus and challenge in allergy field.Currently，several serologic biomarkers have been found to be associated with AIT efficacy in vitro，but their value as predictive biomarkers of AIT efficacy needs to be further verified. This article reviews the research progress of serologic candidate biomarkers for AIT efficacy.
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Allergic asthma is a complex，polygenic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Fungus and dust mites are the most important inhaled allergens of allergic asthma，and often exist in the form of mixed allergens. In recent years，genetic studies have shown that several genes are associated with allergic asthma attacks. This article reviews the studies on the genes related to allergic asthma caused by dust mites and fungus，such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33（ADAM33），interleukin-4（IL-4），glycoprotein A repetitions predominant（GARP），toll like receptor 3（TLR3），mannose-binding lectin 2（MBL2），chemokine（C-C motif）ligand 17（CCL17）and other genes .