ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of citric acid on the related indexes of salivary secretion under acid loading in or‐der to optimize the citric acid load method .Methods The saliva samples were collected from 10 young healthy volunteers at 1-90 s before ,at 91-120 s during and at 121-210 s after citric acid loading .The indexes were detected in saliva with mixed loading and after loading .The salivary alpha‐amylase(sAA ) activity ,pH value ,saliva flow rate ,total protein concentration in various groups were detected .The ratio values before and after the acid loading were compared among the groups .Results (1)The sAA activity , saliva pH value and total protein concentrations after acid loading were significantly increased compared before loading (P<0 .05) , moreover the ratio of after loading and before loading was greater than 1(P<0 .05);(2) however in the citric acid mixing ,the sAA activity ,saliva pH value and total protein concentration were decreased compared with before acid loading ,its ratio was less than 1 (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Citric acid affects the secretion result of acid loading saliva secretion ,it is suggested that the saliva under acid loading is separated treated and analyzed .
ABSTRACT
It is considered that olfactory stimulation by fragrance inhalation is one of the methods of relaxation. We examined the possibility by using fragrance inhalation essential oils, such as sweet orange oil and peppermint oil. We measured salivary alpha-amylase activity and state anxiety levels in undergraduate students before and after inhalation. Salivary alpha-amylase activity levels have been utilized to assess the sympathetic nervous activity.<br> Our results indicate that both salivary alpha-amylase activity and state anxiety levels are significantly reduced after fragrance inhalation of the sweet orange oil. Consequently, our research suggests that sweet orange essential oil has a relaxation effect.<br>
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to find useful fungi with alpha-amylase activity from the Korean traditional nuruk for the quality of traditional Korean alcoholic beverage. In this study, 165 samples of traditional nuruk were collected from 170 regions throughout Korea and the fungi were isolated to a total of 384 strains. In order to investigate the effect of microflora on nuruk, alpha-amylase activity, saccharogenic power (SP), starch hydrolysis activity and acid producing activity were evaluated. Ten strains were selected by alpha-amylase activity, which ranged from 458.47 to 1,202.75 U/g. The size of the discolored zone for the starch hydrolysis activity of each fungus ranged from 0.3 to 2 cm. The SP of the 10 strains ranged from 228.8 to 433.4 SP. Of the 10 stains, three were identified as Aspergillus oryzae, two as Aspergillus flavus, two as Lichtheimia sp., one as Rhizopus oryzae and two as other strains. The total aflatoxins present in the nuruks were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The 10 nuruks had less than 1.11 ppb of aflatoxins.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxins , Alcoholic Beverages , alpha-Amylases , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus oryzae , Coloring Agents , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fungi , Hydrolysis , Korea , Oryza , Rhizopus , StarchABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. There are many and diverse therapeutic strategies in the management of Type 2 diabetes. The inhibition of alpha-amylase activity is only one possibility to lower postprandial blood glucose levels. In our in-vitro studies we could demonstrate that different plants, mostly traditionally used in common diabetic therapy in Africa or Europe, are able to inhibit alpha-amylase, which is responsible for the breakdown of oligosaccharides into monosaccharides which are absorbed. An inhibition of alpha-amylase activity of 90 percent was seen with the extract of the leaves of Tamarindus indica. To quantify inhibtion rates, acarbose was used (IC50: 23.2 µM). Highest inhibition level of acarbose in our testmodel was about 85 percent. Additionally tests with pure polyphenolic compounds might explain the biological activity of the selected plants.
Diabetes mellitus é uma desordem metabólica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia crônica. Existem diversas estratégias terapêuticas no tratamento da diabetes Tipo 2. A inibição da atividade da a-amilase é apenas uma possibilidade de reduzir os níveis de glicose posprandiais. Nos nossos estudos in vitro pudemos demonstrar que diferentes plantas, especialmente as tradicionalmente usadas em terapia comum de diabetes na África ou Europa, são capazes de inibir a a-amilase, a qual é responsável pela quebra dos oligossacarídeos em monossacarídeos, os quais são absorvidos. Uma inibição da atividade da a-amilase da ordem de 90 por cento foi observada com o extrato das folhas de Tamarindus indica. Para quantificar os graus de inibição, acarbose foi usada (IC50: 23,2 mM). O maior grau de inibição de acarbose no nosso modelo de teste foi de cerca de 85 por cento. Adicionalmente testes com compostos polifenólicos puros poderão explicar a atividade biológica das plantas selecionadas.