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Objective: Ammonium alum is a common counterfeit of Alumen,and the processed product of ammonium alum is a common counterfeits of calcined Alumen. This paper aims to establish a method for identifying Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and their processed products. Method: The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD) in this paper. Result: Ammonium alum and Alumen showed obvious changes in morphology after processing. Both Alumen and ammonium alum showed obvious differences in morphology at×250 and×1 000 times microscope. Alumen presented irregular fragments,clear edge corners,smooth surface,scattered irregular small particles,occasional holes and longitudinal edges. Ammonium alum presented irregular clumps,blunt edges,not obvious edges and corners,uneven surface,scattered smaller and round-like particles. The difference in morphology was not obvious at×250 times microscope between Alumen and ammonium alum processed products. While at×1 000 times,the surface of calcined Alumen was uneven with coarse particles; the surface of counterfeit calcined Alumen was flat,and the coarse particle characteristics were not obvious. XRD can be used to rapidly and accurately identify the primary phase of Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and ammonium alum processed products:KAl(SO4)2·12H2O,NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O,KAl(SO4)2,and NH4Al(SO4)2 respectively, with 2θ angle characteristic value of 23,12,22 and 5 respectively for XRD peak. Conclusion: SEM and XRD techniques can be used for the identification of Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and their counterfeit products.
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Objective: To provide the new quality control means for Alumen by investigating the elemental differences between calcined Alumen and its counterfeit processed products of ammonium alum, and establishing their characteristic chromatogram. Method: The contents of 22 inorganic elements both in calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometer-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/ICP-MS),SPSS 16.0 was used for cluster analysis (CA) while SIMCA-P 13.0 with t-test and Rank-Sum test was used to identify the differential inorganic elements. In addition, the characteristic spectrum of the inorganic elements for calcined Alumen and counterfeit calcined alumen were established. Result: Calcined Alumen had highest contents of K and Al while counterfeit calcined Alumen has highest contents of Al and Fe;Cr,Sr,and Mn contents in calcined Alumen were relatively higher,while Mn,Ti,and Ga contents in processed products of ammonium alum were relatively higher. The content of K in calcined Alumen was about 205 times of that of counterfeit products. On the contrary,the average contents of Fe,Ti,Mn and Ga in counterfeit products of ammonium alum were much higher than those in calcined Alumen,33,46,38, 27 times, respectively. A total of 18 samples were clustered into two categories in CA:calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum. 18 inorganic elements showed significant difference in contents(PConclusion: This method can be used for quality control of calcined Alumen.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de necrose tecidual causada por alúmen de potássio. Paciente do sexo feminino realizou procedimento de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo para tratamento de defeito de rebordo classe I. Aos sete dias do período pós-operatório, observou-se extensa necrose da área receptora e do tecido enxertado. A paciente relatou que utilizou bochechos diários de alúmen de potássio para controle de edema e sangramento. O alúmen de potássio interferiu negativamente no processo de reparo tecidual.
The aim of this present study is to describe a case report of tissue necrosis caused by potassium alumina. Subepithelial connective tissue graft was used in the treatment of class I alveolar ridge defect. After seven days an extensive necrosis of the tissue graft and the receptor area was observed. The patient related that used potassium alumina solution as mouthrinse daily to control edema and bleeding. Potassium alumina had a negative influence in the tissue repair process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Geranium maculatum , Necrosis/physiopathology , Periodontics , Potassium/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare and characterize Indigo Naturalis-Alumen (INA) composite particles with core-shell structure based on the particle design principle. Methods: The preparation time of shell particles and composition time of composite particles were studied using particle size and contact angle as evaluation indexes, respectively. Four kinds of powders including Indigo Naturalis fine powder, Alumen fine powder, INA mixture, and INA composite particles were prepared respectively; Their properties such as particle size, powder color, microstructure, distribution of surface elements, and crystal structure were compared, so as to study the core-shell structure of composite particles. Results: During the period of the preparation, the shell particles were added into vibromill and ground for 17 min separately, and then the core particles were added and ground with shell particles together for 5 min. There was no difference between the composite particles and shell particles in surface wettability. The median diameter (d0.9) of the composite particles was 32.818 μm, which was much smaller than that of the mixture. The color and surface elements distribution were highly similar to the shell particles. In SEM, the microstructure that the surface of big particles coated with a large number of small particles could be observed. In X-ray diffractogram, many characteristic absorption b ands of the core particles were disappeared or decreased. Conclusion: INA composite particles with core-shell structure are prepared successfully, the surface properties are similar to the shell particles and are different with the core particles.
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This study investigated the anti-HSV-2 effect of alumen through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Viable cell counting was employed to assess the toxicity of alumen on Vero cells.The inhibition rate of HSV-2 was defined as the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the cells infected with the virus.Alumen suppositories of different concentrations were vaginally applied to the guinea pigs which were then infected with HSV-2 via a vaginal route.The clinical symptoms were observed and the local virus titer calculated.The results showed that alumen had an in vitro anti-HSV-2 effect by means of antiviral duplication,direct killing of the virus,and antiviral adsorption.Alumen suppositories of different concentrations could reduce or completely inhibit HSV-2 infection in guinea pigs.It was concluded that alumen had an in vitro anti-HSV-2 effect through multiple approaches and it could suppress in vivo vaginal HSV-2 infection of guinea pig to some extent.
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O alúmen de potássio é um mineral sulfato que ocorre naturalmente como incrustações em rochas em áreas de meteorização, bem como a partir da reação dos sais de alumínio e potássio, sendo conhecido também como pedra umes e Alúmen Comum. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o uso da pedra umes no tratamento de alterações bucais, enfatizando a maneira como este produto é utilizado, a finalidade de seu uso e a presença de possíveis efeitos colaterais relatados por seus usuários. Foram entrevistadas 100 pessoas de ambos os gêneros em cinco Centros de Saúde da Família da Regional VI do município de Fortaleza/CE. Oitenta e nove por cento destas pessoas já conheciam a pedra umes e 64% já tinham utilizado o produto de forma medicamentos a em alguma alteração, sendo esta bucal ou não. Dos 64% que utilizaram a pedra, pouco mais de 30% relatou ter algum efeito indesejado após sua utilização, que variou desde descamação na bochecha, exacerbação da ferida e inchaço até um relato de óbito após ingestão acidental do produto. Estes resultados revelam que a pedra umes apresenta um risco para a saúde da população, necessitando de outras pesquisas para se avaliar e padronizar suas indicações e formas de aplicação.
Potassium alumina, known as Umes Stone and Common alúmen, is a naturally found mineral present in meteorite rocks as well as obtained from a chemical reaction between aluminum salt and potassium. The goal of this work was to evaluate its popular use in oral changes, emphasizing the way of application, the reason for its use and possible adverse effects. One hundred female and male adults were interviewed in five Family Health Centers of Regional VI from the council of Fortaleza/CE, regarding their knowledge about the product. Eighty nine percent knew the product and 64%had used it with medicine purposes on either oral or body injury. Out of those 64%, just over 30% reported one undesirable effect after its use. The variety of unwanted effects ranged from a simple mucosal desquamation up to acase of death after accidental ingestion of the product. The results suggest that this product represents a real risk forpopulation health, and it may be necessary control the population access to it.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alumen , Alumen/adverse effects , Alumen/therapeutic use , Pathology, OralABSTRACT
AIM: To establish an effective and economical processing method for high quality of Calcinatum Alumen with microwave heating. METHODS: A certain amount of Alumen was placed into microwave oven and heated, and its weight was determined by electronic balance every one or five minutes. The quality (appearance, aqueous solubility, water content) of Calcined Alum by microwave was compared with those of products prepared by traditional method, far IR, and electric oven. Moreover, the stability of Calcined Alum in several kinds of package were investigated at room temperature. RESULTS: The microwave for the processing of Alumen has the advantage of rapidness, low cost, and less water content, and its product could be dissolved completely in water. CONCLUSION: Microwave is a practical technique for Alumen processing.