ABSTRACT
Four protocols viz., the trichloroacetic acid-acetone (TCA), phenol-ammonium acetate (PAA), phenol/SDS-ammonium acetate (PSA) and trisbase-acetone (TBA) were evaluated with modifications for protein extraction from banana (Grand Naine) roots, considered as recalcitrant tissues for proteomic analysis. The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) separated proteins were compared based on protein yield, number of resolved proteins, sum of spot quantity, average spot intensity and proteins resolved in 4-7 pI range. The PAA protocol yielded more proteins (0.89 mg/g of tissues) and protein spots (584) in 2-DE gel than TCA and other protocols. Also, the PAA protocol was superior in terms of sum of total spot quantity and average spot intensity than TCA and other protocols, suggesting phenol as extractant and ammonium acetate as precipitant of proteins were the most suitable for banana rooteomics analysis by 2-DE. In addition, 1:3 ratios of root tissue to extraction buffer and overnight protein precipitation were most efficient to obtain maximum protein yield.
Subject(s)
Acetates/analogs & derivatives , Electrophoresis/methods , Musa/chemistry , Phenylacetates , Plant Proteins/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/enzymology , /methodsABSTRACT
2,4,5-triphenylimidazoles/1-(2-Methyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine could be obtained in excellent yields by the one-pot three-component condensation of benzil/2-acetyl pyridine, aldehyde and ammonium acetate in the presence of catalytic amount of the inexpensive, readily available NaH2PO4 under solvent-free condition. The mixture was ground together in a mortar with a pestle at room temperature for short reaction time and easy operation under solvent free condition.
ABSTRACT
Buccal cells provide a convenient source of DNA for epidemiological studies. The goal of this study was to develop a convenient method to obtain buccal cells from mouthwash samples to be used as a source of DNA, and to evaluate the stability of the DNA in mouthwash solution over time. The procedures used in the method described in this paper avoid the use of any organic solvents. This is achieved by salting out the cellular proteins by dehydration and precipitation with a saturated ammonium acetate solution. The protocol described here is fast, simple to perform, sensitive, economical and several samples can be processed at the same time. The analyses provide consistent evidence that DNA extracted by this methodology is sufficient for several PCR amplifications. The total DNA yield ranged from 5 to 93 µg (median 15 µg, mean 20.71 µg). DNA can be extracted and PCR amplified after storage of mouthwash solution at room temperature for periods of up to 30 days.
Células bucais são fontes convenientes de DNA para diagnóstico e estudos epidemiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método simples e prático para obter células epiteliais, através de bochechos, a fim de serem usadas como fonte de DNA e avaliar a estabilidade do DNA na solução de bochecho no decorrer do tempo. Os procedimentos usados neste estudo evitam o uso de solventes orgânicos permitindo uma pratica laboratorial mais segura. Isto é alcançado pela remoção das proteínas celulares por desidratação e precipitação com uma solução saturada de acetato de amônio. Este protocolo permite a extração de maneira rápida, simples, econômica e garante o processamento de várias amostras ao mesmo tempo, agilizando assim os procedimentos laboratoriais. Nossas análises forneceram evidências consistentes de que o DNA extraído por esta metodologia é suficiente para diversas amplificações por PCR (polymerase chain reaction - reação em cadeia pela polimerase). O produto total de DNA variou de 5 a 93 µg (mediana 15 µg; média 20,71 µg). Além disso, o DNA mostrou-se eficientemente preservado na solução de bochecho, a qual pode ser estocada em temperatura ambiente por até trinta dias.