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Objective To investigate the effect and safety of orthokeratology lens on myopia control in adolescents and children with different diopters.Methods Ninety-three patients(171 eyes)with myopia who received orthokeratology lens treatment in the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February to August 2021 were selected for the study.They were divided into a low degree group(88 eyes,-0.5D to-3.0D)and medium degree group(83 eyes,-3.0D to-6.0D)according to the equivalent spherical lens degree.The naked eye distant vision,diopter,optic axis,breakup time of tear film(BUT),corneal endothelial cell count and complications were compared between two groups.Results After 1 year of lens wear,growth of optic axis in low degree group was significantly greater than that in medium degree group(Z=-2.035,P=0.042).After 1 year of lens wear,naked eye distant vision of both groups was significantly higher than that before lens wear(P<0.05),and increase of visual acuity in medium degree group was significantly greater than that in low degree group(P<0.05).The equivalent spherical degree of two groups was significantly lower than that before lens wear(P<0.05),and reduction of equivalent spherical lens degree in medium degree group was significantly greater than that in low degree group(P<0.05).After 1 year of lens wear,BUT in both groups was significantly shorter than that before lens wear,and corneal endothelial cell count was lower than that before lens wear(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in BUT and corneal endothelial cell count between two groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in complication rate between two groups(χ2=2.000,P=0.157).Conclusion Orthokeratology lens has good control effect and safety for adolescents and children with different diopters,and the effect is more prominent for moderate myopia.
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AIM: To analyze the strabismus surgery situation of adolescents and children in Yunnan province.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records data of 3 068 adolescents and children who received strabismus surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2017 to December 2021. The analysis included gender, constituent ratio of age, distribution of strabismus types and combination with other ocular diseases, etc.RESULTS: Among the included patients, 52.12% were males, and 47.88% were females. Preschool patients(1 to 6 years old)accounted for 32.89%, primary pupils(7 to 12 years old)accounted for 45.89% and high school students(13 to 18 years old)accounted for 21.22%. Exotropia accounted for 63.17% of the total strabismus, of which intermittent exotropia was the most common type. Esotropia accounted for 19.69%, and concomitant esotropia was the most common type. The special type of strabismus accounted for 17.14%, and A-V syndrome and dissociative vertical deviation(DVD)were the most common types. Strabismus combined with ametropia accounted for 61.02% and amblyopia accounted for 10.89%. A few patients also combined with other eye diseases.CONCLUSION: In Yunnan province, intermittent exotropia was the most common type of strabismus among adolescents and children. Some patients combined with other ocular diseases.
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Background: Although there are several potential contributing factors to iron deficiency anemia in young children, eating foods with low levels of bioavailable iron is probably the biggest one. Young children are most at risk for iron deficiency due to fast development and usually insufficient dietary iron intake. The aim of this study was to assess the etiology and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia in children under five years.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 250 bedded general hospital, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh, during the period from December 2020 to January 2022. Total 100 children having iron deficiency anemia under five years were included in this study.Results:Among 100 children with iron deficiency anemia, more than half (51%) of the children were in the age group of less than 1 year. Majority (52%) of the children were female. Most of the children (42%) were from low income family. More than half (65%) of the children had mild anemia. Inadequate iron-based food intake was the commonest (72%) causes of the study patient. Children taking iron supplementation was 14% and mothers taking iron supplementation during pregnancy was 67%. Dietary diversity score was poor for most of the children (59%). 67% had low birth weight and 28% had overweight. Children with early (<6 months) introduction of complementary foods was more than half (68%).Conclusions:Inadequate iron-based food intake is the commonest causes of iron deficiency anemia. Children mothers taking iron supplementation during pregnancy, low dietary diversity score, low birth weight and early (<6 months) introduction of complementary foods are the main risk factors.
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O ciberbullying constitui uma realidade cada vez mais presente na vida dos mais jovens e desprotegidos, o que pode perturbar o seu desenvolvimento e bemestar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar a associação entre o ciberbullying, a ideação suicida e a comunicação parentofilial nos adolescentes e jovens adultos. O estudo foi feito com uma amostra de 401 adolescentes e jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 24 anos. Recorreu-se ao Questionário de Cibervitimização (cyvic), ao Questionário de Ideação Suicida (qis) e à Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade (compa) para coleta dos dados. No que se refere à idade foram encontradas diferenças significati-vas relativamente à cibervitimização. Quanto ao número de horas de utilização da Internet foram encontradas diferenças em relação à cibervitimização, à ideação suicida e à comunicação parental da figura materna nomeadamente nas subescalas confiança/partilha e metacomunicação. Foram encontradas associações entre a cibervitimização, ideação suicida e a comunicação parental do pai e da mãe. Por fim, observou-se que a ideação suicida prediz a cibervitimização, enquanto a disponibilidade da mãe prediz a cibervitimização. É urgente que este problema de saúde seja multidisciplinarmente identificado e combatido ao mesmo ritmo com que a tecnologia se entrosa e é preponderante na vida das gerações mais novas.
El ciberacoso es una realidad cada vez más presente en la vida de personas jóvenes y desprotegidas, que puede trastornar su desarrollo y bienestar. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la asociación entre el ciberacoso, la ideación suicida y la comunicación padres-hijos en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 401 adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 24 años. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el Cuestionario de Victimización Cibernética (cyvic), el Cuestionario de Ideación Suicida (qis) y la Escala de Evaluación de la Comunicación Parental (compa). En cuanto a la edad, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cibervictimización. Respecto al número de horas de uso de Internet, se encontraron diferencias en relación con cibervictimización, ideación suicida y comunicación parental de la figura materna, concretamente en las subescalas confianza/compartir y metacomunicación. Se hallaron asociaciones entre cibervictimización, ideación suicida y comunicación parental de padre y madre. Finalmente, se observó que la ideación suicida predice cibervictimización, a la vez que la disponibilidad materna predice ciber-victimización. Es urgente que este problema de salud sea identificado y combatido de forma multidisciplinar, al mismo ritmo que la tecnología se entrelaza y es preponderante en la vida de las generaciones más jóvenes.
Cyberbullying is a reality that is increasingly present in the lives of young and unprotected people, which can disturb their development and wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the association between cyberbullying, suicidal ideation and parent-child communication in adolescents and young adults. The study was carried out with a sample of 401 adolescents and young adults aged between 15 and 24 years. Data were collected through the Cybervictimization Questionnaire (cyvic), the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (qis) and the Parent-ing Communication Assessment Scale (compa-a). Considering age, significant differences were found related to cyber-victimization. Regarding the number of hours of Internet use, differences were found associated with cybervictimization, suicidal ideation and parental communication of the mother figure, namely in the trust/sharing and meta-communication subscales. Associations were found between cybervictimization, suicidal ideation and parental communication from the father and mother. Finally, it was observed that suicidal ideation and mother availability predict cybervictimization. It is urgent that this health problem be identified and fought in a multidisciplinary way at the same pace with which technology intertwines and is preponderant in the lives of the younger generations
Subject(s)
Humans , Parents , Parenting , Communication , Cybernetics , Cyberbullying , Internet UseABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze and evaluate the capacity of adolescent healthcare at health centers for women and children at district and county level in Chongqing, for theoretical basis in promoting adolescent healthcare.Methods:From January to February 2021, a unified questionnaire was used to collect the information of adolescent healthcare and data of human resources from 39 health centers for women and children at district and county level in Chongqing. The survey data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:Among the 39 health centers for women and children at district and county level in Chongqing, 32 (82.1%) institutions maintain adolescent outpatient clinics, most of which under gynecology (40.6%) instead of independent departments. 37(94.9%) institutions could provide health care services for adolescents, and 26 (66.7%) institutions could provide the services both in and out-institution services. All the institutions could provide services of prevention and treatment for regular reproductive health diseases, but the numbers of institutions providing such services as nutritional assessment, common problems consultation and guidance, psycho-behavioral screening, mental health consultation and guidance, accidental injury prevention and guidance, violence injury prevention and guidance, as well as Internet addiction assessment and guidance, were 25, 20, 16, 10 and 8, respectively. There were 273 medical workers engaged in adolescent healthcare, mostly part-time (98.9%).Conclusions:The construction of outpatient clinics for adolescent health care is expected to be strengthened at health centers for women and children at district and county level in Chongqing. Meanwhile, services provision and human resources of medical workers for adolescent health care are inadequate.
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Abstract Aim: To identify and describe the manipulative actions of typical children ages between 4 and 6 years, and the games performed while exploring cubes with different sensorial stimuli. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study. Sixteen typical children aged 4 to 6 years (mean age: 5.78 ± 1.04 years) were filmed, from different angles, during the exploration of six cubes with different sensorial stimuli (transparent, black, tactile, auditory, luminous, and high-contrast). The cubes were delivered in random order and the children explored the cubes for 40 s each. At the end of the explorations, they were asked about what kind of game they could play with that object. The images were observed by the BS Player Profile. Results: Seventeen different types of interactions with the cubes were registered, such as: pushing, shaking, reaching for (bimanual and unimanual), bringing closer to the eyes, knocking, touching with the fingers/hand, throwing upwards, and others. The tactile cube was the favorite among the children (9 children), followed by the luminous cube (6 children). They proposed games with all of the cubes, standing out playing dice (all cubes), building towers, and castles. Conclusion: In the observed group of children, 17 manipulative skills were identified. The games performed during the exploration of the cubes were based on association with other similar objects previously known, related to the visual stimuli provided by the cubes, verbal description of actions that could be performed with that cube, imagination related games using figurative images, and sports-related activities/games.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Aptitude , Play and Playthings , Motor Skills , Child Behavior/psychology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentationABSTRACT
O pedido dos pais por atendimento psicológico do filho tem sido estudado por diversos autores da psicanálise. A ênfase do presente artigo é na teoria do relacionamento paterno-infantil, conforme construída por Winnicott. Segundo o autor, condições favoráveis apresentadas pelo ambiente serão facilitadoras para que a criança possa se desenvolver de acordo com o seu potencial na direção do seu amadurecimento emocional, desde que haja uma sustentação favorável dos pais. O estudo teve objetivo principal verificar se as Consultas Terapêuticas com pais e filhos, desenvolvidas em um Serviço Escola, são um método eficaz para investigar e compreender os mecanismos psíquicos envolvidos na interrupção do percurso de amadurecimento da criança. Nos dois casos analisados, foi possível ter essa compreensão. O método empregado nas intervenções promoveu o resgate da comunicação entre os pais e as crianças, a partir da reinclusão dos pais no papel de sustentação do processo de amadurecimento da criança, cumprindo o complemento da nossa proposta.
La solicitud de los padres de atención psicológica para sus hijos ha sido estudiada por varios autores de psicoanálisis. El énfasis de este artículo está en la teoría de la relación paterno-infantil, construida por Winnicott (1979). Según este autor, las condiciones favorables que presenta el entorno facilitarán que el niño se desarrolle de acuerdo con su potencial hacia su madurez emocional, siempre que haya un apoyo favorable de los padres. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar consultas terapéuticas con padres e hijos, realizadas en un Servicio de la Escuela de Psicología, como un método eficaz para investigar y comprender los bloqueos que determinaron la suspensión del camino de maduración del niño y la promoción del rescate de la comunicación entre los padres y los hijos. En los dos casos analizados fue posible tener este entendimiento. El método utilizado en las intervenciones promovió el rescate de la comunicación entre padres e hijos, a partir de la reincorporación de los padres en el rol de apoyo al proceso de maduración del niño, cumpliendo el complemento de nuestra propuesta.
The parents' request for psychological care of the child has been studied by several authors of psychoanalysis. The emphasis of this article is on the paternal-child relationship theory, as constructed by Winnicott (1979). According to this author, favorable conditions presented by the environment will be facilitating so that the child can develop according to his potential in the direction of his emotional maturation provided for a favorable support from the parents. This article aims to present therapeutic consultations with parents and children performed on a Serviço Escola of Psychology as an effective method to investigate and understand the blockages that have determined the suspension of the maturation path of the child and the promotion of the rescue of the communication between the parents and the children. In the two cases analyzed, it was possible to have this understanding. The method used in the interventions promoted the rescue of communication between parents and children, starting from the re-inclusion of parents in the role of supporting the child's maturation process, fulfilling the complement of our proposal.
La demande des parents pour une prise en charge psychologique de leur enfant a été étudiée par plusieurs auteurs de psychanalyse. Le présent article met l'accent sur la théorie de la relation paternelle-enfant, telle que construite par Winnicott. Selon l'auteur, les conditions favorables présentées par l'environnement permettront à l'enfant de se développer plus facilement en fonction de son potentiel vers sa maturité affective, à condition qu'il y ait un soutien favorable des parents. L'objectif principal de l'étude était de vérifier si les consultations thérapeutiques avec les parents et les enfants, développées dans un service scolaire, sont une méthode efficace pour enquêter et comprendre les mécanismes psychiques impliqués dans l'interruption du cours de maturation de l'enfant. Dans les deux cas analysés, il a été possible d'avoir cette compréhension. La méthode utilisée dans les interventions a favorisé le sauvetage de la communication entre parents et enfants, à partir de la réintégration des parents dans le rôle de soutien au processus de maturation de l'enfant, en remplissant le complément de notre proposition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Parent-Child Relations , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
@#AIM:To evaluate the effects of 0.01% atropine for Asian adolescents and children of low and medium myopia in diopter and axial length. <p>METHODS:We searched on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data database for randomized controlled trials(RCTs). The published languages were limited to Chinese and English. The risk bias tool provided by the Cochrane cooperation scale was used to assess the risk bias of included studies of RCTs. The published biases of included studies were assessed by the Egger's test. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4. <p>RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials with a total of 979 subjects were included(440 in the 0.01% atropine group and 539 in the control group). The Meta-analysis showed that 0.01% atropine has a better effect than the control group in controlling the diopter growth in moderate and low myopia of Asian adolescents and children. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant \〖<i>WMD</i>=0.50, 95%<i>CI </i>(0.37, 0.64), <i>P</i><0.00001\〗. And the results also indicated that the change in axial length of 0.01% atropine was significantly less than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant \〖<i>WMD</i>= -0.20, 95%<i>CI </i>(-0.30, -0.10), <i>P</i>=0.0001\〗.<p>CONCLUSION: Based on the available evidence, 0.01% atropine offer in controlling axial length and diopter growth of low and medium myopia in Asian adolescents and children.
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La contaminación ambiental afecta a más del 90% de la población mundial, y es considerado un factor de morbi-mortalidad respiratoria desde mediados de 1900. Sin embargo, al día de hoy las políticas públicas no han logrado mejorar en forma sustancial la calidad del aire. Siendo causante de más de 3.7 millones de muertes anuales según datos OMS. Los niños son los principales afectados debido a diferencias anatómicas, fisiológicas y de estilos de vida. Dentro de las complicaciones más frecuentes se encuentran las infecciones respiratorias, pero además puede verse afectado el desarrollo neurológico, patologías oncológicas, enfermedades crónicas (diabetes y asma), alteraciones cardiovasculares, malformaciones congénitas y salud mental entre otros. En el siguiente artículo se revisará la evidencia científica en relación a la contaminación ambiental, como afecta al sistema inmune y el microbioma, generando un aumento en las infecciones respiratorias de los niños.
Environmental pollution affects more than 90% of the world population, and is considered a factor of respiratory morbidity and mortality since the mid-1900s. However, to date public policies have not substantially improved air quality. Being the cause of more than 3.7 million deaths annually according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), children are more susceptible due to anatomical, physiological and lifestyle differences with adults. Respiratory infections are among the most frequent complications, but neurological development, oncological pathologies, chronic diseases (diabetes and asthma), cardiovascular disorders, congenital malformations and mental health, can be attributed to pollution. The following article will review the scientific evidence of environmental pollution, how it affects the immune system and the microbiome, generating an increase in respiratory infections in children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The neurotoxicity of general anesthesia to the developing human brains is controversial. We assessed the associations between surgery under general anesthesia in infancy and development at age 1 year using the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a large-scale birth cohort study.@*METHODS@#In the JECS, 103,062 pregnancies and 104,065 fetuses were enrolled between January 2011 and March 2014. Of the 100,144 registered live births, we excluded preterm or post-term infants, multiple births, and infants with chromosomal anomalies and/or anomalies of the head or brain. Data on surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy were collected from self-administered questionnaires by parents at the 1-year follow-up. Developmental delay at age 1 year was assessed using the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (J-ASQ-3), comprising five developmental domains.@*RESULTS@#Among the 64,141 infants included, 746 infants had surgery under general anesthesia once, 90 twice, and 71 three or more times. The percentage of developmental delay in the five domains of the J-ASQ-3 significantly increased with the number of surgical procedures. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developmental delays in all five domains was significantly increased in infants who had surgery under general anesthesia three times or more (adjusted odds ratios: for communication domain 3.32; gross motor domain 4.69; fine motor domain 2.99; problem solving domain 2.47; personal-social domain 2.55).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Surgery under general anesthesia in infancy was associated with an increased likelihood of developmental delay in all five domains of the J-ASQ-3, especially the gross motor domain at age 1 year. The neurodevelopment with the growth should be further evaluated among the children who had surgery under general anesthesia.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number: UMIN000030786 ).
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Anesthesia, General , Anesthetics, General , Child Development , Cohort Studies , JapanABSTRACT
A partir de algumas situações atuais, a rotina escolar e a clínica psicanalítica, o artigo discute os novos sintomas apresentados pelas crianças e suas consequências para as famílias e escolas em relação à educação e seus impasses. Retoma-se o texto freudiano sobre os impasses do processo civilizatório para apontar o que de estrutural existe nesta questão. Discute-se a atual mutação cultural e seus principais traços: a dificuldade de transmitir a falta no processo educativo, a anulação da diferença e a exacerbação do narcisismo. Conclui-se com a hipótese de uma nova organização social em implantação: o matriarcado, com o império da natureza sobre os aspectos simbólicos.
De algunas situaciones de la actualidad, la rutina escolar y la clínica psicoanalítica, el artículo discute los nuevos síntomas presentados por los niños y sus consecuencias para las familias y las escuelas en relación con la educación y sus impases. El texto freudiano se reanuda en los impases del proceso civilizante para señalar lo estructural que existe en esta cuestión. La mutación cultural actual y sus principales rasgos se discuten: la dificultad de transmitir la falta en el proceso educativo, la anulación de la diferencia y la exacerbación del narcisismo. Concluye con la hipótesis de una nueva organización social en ejecución: el matriarcado, con el imperio de la naturaleza sobre los aspectos simbólicos.
From some situations of the present day, the school routine and the psychoanalytic clinic, the article discusses the new symptoms presented by the children and their consequences for families and schools in terms of educating and their impasses. The Freudian text is resumed on the impasses of the civilizing process to point out what structural exists in this issue. The current cultural mutation and its main traits are discussed: the difficulty of transmitting the lack in the educational process, the annulment of the difference and the exacerbation of narcissism. It concludes with the hypothesis of a new social organization in implementation: the matriarchy, with the empire of nature on the symbolic aspects.
Subject(s)
Family , Child Rearing/psychology , Cultural Evolution , Aggression , Depression , Psychoanalysis , Social OrganizationABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es una causa importante de morbimortalidad perinatal. En los últimos años, la Policlínica "Ramón López Peña" exhibe tasas elevadas, por encima de la media municipal y provincial. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el área de salud. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, en la policlínica "Ramón López Peña", de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período enero 2012 a diciembre 2016. La muestra fue de 30 casos y 90 controles que reunían los criterios de selección. Se estudiaron las variables sociodemográficas: edad materna y situación socioeconómica; nutricionales (evaluación nutricional inicial y ganancia ponderal), tabaquismo, enfermedades asociadas al embarazo y antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables. Se calculó el riesgo relativo (fuerza de asociación) a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el riesgo atribuible en expuestos porcentual como medida de impacto, con una significación del 5%. Resultados: las adolescentes tuvieron 3,34 veces más riesgo de tener hijo BPN. La evaluación nutricional inicial deficiente y la escasa ganancia de peso también mostraron asociación causal (OR=3,1 y 3,24, respectivamente). El tabaquismo obtuvo la mayor fuerza de asociación (OR=5,25). En las hipertensas la probabilidad fue 2,66 veces mayor y en las anémicas 2,56 veces más. Entre los antecedentes obstétricos, se observó asociación causal con la historia de otros hijos BPN y abortos habituales (OR= 3,24 y 2,56, respectivamente). Conclusiones: el embarazo precoz, los parámetros nutricionales deficientes, el tabaquismo, la combinación de dos o más enfermedades durante el embarazo y los antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables tuvieron fuerte asociación con el bajo peso al nacer.
Abstract Introduction: low birth weight (LBW) is considered indeed, one of the most important causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Last few years "Ramón López Peña policlinic" from Santiago de Cuba have shown high rates over half of Santiago de Cuba municipality and province. Objective: to identify risk factors associated to LBW in "Ramón López Peña" policlinic, Santiago de Cuba. Method: controls related to LBW and observational- analytical study was made at "Ramón López Peña" policlinic, in Santiago de Cuba, during January 2012 to December 2016. Sample was 30 cases and 90 controls with selection criteria. We studied socio-demographic variables (mother´s age and socioeconomic situation), nutritionals (initial nutritional evaluation and ponder earn), smoking, associated diseases during pregnancy and obstetrics history. We calculated the relative risk (association weight) through ratio odds, and the attributable risk in porcentual exposited as impact measure; we considered a signification of 5%. Results: teenagers probabilities to deliver a LBW were 3.34 more. Nutritional deficiency and low ponder earn showed causal association (OR=3.1 y 3.24, respectively). Smoking habit showed a higher weight association (OR=5.25), together with hypertensive, which probability was 2.66 times higher and 2.56 more in anemic mothers. Regarding obstetrics history, we observed a causal association with previous LBW and abortion history (OR= 3.24 y 2.56). Conclusions: teenagers´ pregnancy, nutritional disorders, smoking habit, combination of 2 diseases or more during the pregnancy (mainly anemia and hypertension), abortion history and previous LBW, possessed a very close association with LBW.
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O presente artigo teve como objetivo efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa focada nas habilidades sociais (HS) dos pais e sua influência no modo como criam seus filhos e no repertório social destes. HS é um conjunto de capacidades utilizadas para se comportar no meio social. As HS educativas seriam um conjunto específico utilizado na tarefa de educar. Foi feita uma análise de artigos encontrados nas bases de dados: Lilacs e Scientific Electronic Library Online. A literatura aponta que pais com níveis mais elevados de HS educativas (HSE) têm filhos socialmente habilidosos e com menos problemas de comportamento. Além disso, o envolvimento positivo dos pais nas atividades em geral dos filhos faz com que estes sejam mais competentes socialmente e academicamente. Treinamentos em habilidades sociais, tanto educativas quanto educativas parentais, mostraram-se eficazes na melhora do repertório social de pais e filhos, bem como na relação entre eles.
The present article aimed at carrying out a narrative bibliographical review focused on the social skills (SS) of parents and their influence on the way they raise their children and on the latter's social repertoire. SS are a set of capacities used to act in the social environment. Educational SS would be a specific set employed in the task of education. An analysis of the papers found in the Lilacs and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases was conducted. The literature points out that parents with higher levels of Educational SS (ESS) have socially skilled children with less behavior problems. Moreover, positive parental involvement in children's activities in general leads them to being more socially and academically competent. Social skills training, considering both educational and parental educational skills, were effective in the improvement of parents' and children's repertoire, as well as in their relationship
El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo efectuar una revisión bibliográfica narrativa enfocada en las habilidades sociales (HS) de los padres y su influencia en el modo como crean sus hijos y en el repertorio social de éstos. HS es un conjunto de capacidades utilizadas para comportarse en el medio social. Las HS educativas serían un conjunto específico utilizado en la tarea de educar. Se realizó un análisis de artículos encontrados en las bases de datos: Lilacs y Scientific Electronic Library Online. La literatura apunta que los padres con niveles más altos de HS educativas (HSE) tienen hijos socialmente habilidosos y con menos problemas de comportamiento. Además, la participación positiva de los padres en las actividades en general de los hijos hace que éstos sean más competentes social y académicamente. Los entrenamientos en habilidades sociales, tanto educativas y educativas parentales, se mostraron eficaces en la mejora del repertorio social de padres e hijos, así como en la relación entre ellos.
Subject(s)
Social Skills , Interpersonal Relations , Social Behavior , Social Environment , Father-Child RelationsABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the safety and efficiency of totally ultrasonography-guided super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(SMP) in the treatment of upper urinary stone in adults and children(<14years).@*Methods@#From May 2015 to July 2018, 81 cases of children(53%) and 71(47%) cases of adults with upper tract stones underwent the SMP by total ultrasound guidance. In the group of children, it’s including 53 male and 28 female with 85 channels in total, the patients age ranged from 10 months to 14 years, [mean (56.0±39.7) months], The stone size ranged from 0.8-3.5 cm, [mean (1.7±0.7)cm]. About stone distribution, 42 cases of pelvic stones, 25 cases of calyceal and pelvic stones, 5 cases of calyceal stones, 7 cases of upper uretaral stones, 1 case of upper ureteral and calyceal stones, 1 case of malformation with double renal pelvis and ureter. Urinary infection rate was 86.4%(70/81), positive rate of urinary culture was 39.5%(32/81). In the group of adults, it’s including 43 male and 28 female, the patients aged from 18 to 81 years, [mean (44.1±15.4)years], The stone size ranged from 1.0-3.0 cm, [mean (1.7±0.6)cm]. About Stone distribution, 19 cases of pelvic stones, 13 cases of calyceal and pelvic stones, 7 cases of calyceal stones, 24 cases of upper uretaral stones, 3 cases of upper ureteral and calyceal stones, 1 case of malformation with double renal pelvis and ureter. Urinary infection rate was 87.3%(62/71), positive rate of urinary culture was 26.8%(19/71). The patient was placed in the lithotomy position under general anesthesia. A 5F ureteric catheter was retrogradely inserted into the collecting system and urethral catheter was placed in the bladder. The patient was then turned prone. The selected calix was punctured under ultrasound guidance by 18G puncture needle and a 0.032 inch guidewire was inserted into the collecting system. Nephrostomy tract was established using Dilators(it was done in one step for 12F and in two steps for 14F). After the corresponding size of suction-evacuation sheath was placed, the sheath was connected to the specimen collection bottle via the oblique branch of a metal connector. The miniature endoscope was inserted into the sheath to observe the collecting system and stone fragmentation was completed by using YAG laser or pneumatic lithotripter. Stone free rate after surgery at 1day(SFR) and 1 month(1 month SFR), stone size, operative time(from starting fragmentation to the end of the surgery), hemoglobin drop and hematocrit drop in the first day after surgery, rate of surgecal complications, tubeless rate(totally tubless: no ureteric stent and nephrostomy tube; tubeless: no nephrostomy tube but ureteric stent), average length of hospital stay and urinary infection were recorded and compared.@*Results@#In children group, mean operative time was (27.7±13.0)min(range 5-60 min), SFR and SFR at 1 month were 96.3%(78/81)and 98.8%(80/81), mean hemoglobin drop was (8.0±9.1)g/L(range 0-41 g/L), mean hematocrit drop was 0.026±0.029(range 0-0.135), totally tubeless rate was 86.4%(71/81), mean hospital stay was (2.5±0.9)days(range 1-5 days). Complications were observed in 9 cases and classified using Calvien grading system, Grade Ⅰ in 8 cases: postoperative fever in 4, hematuresis in 1, perirenal hematoma, postoperative distal ureteral stone in 1 cases and delayed recovery of intestinal function in 1 case, all had a spontaneous recovery without special managements; Grade Ⅲb in 1 case, massive ascites was discovered during the surgery, and rcovered by puncture drainage.In adult group, mean operative time was (31.2±15.3)min(range 7-80 min), SFR and SFR at 1 month were 97.2%(69/71) and 98.6%(70/71), mean hemoglobin drop was (11.9±8.7)g/L(range 0-32 g/L), mean hematocrit drop was 0.030±0.027(range 0-0.106), totally tubeless rate was 87.3%(62/71), mean hospital stay was(2.4±1.1)days(range 1-8 days), urinary infection rate was 87.3%(62/71), positive rate of urinary culture was 26.8%(19/71). Complications were observed in 4 cases, Grade Ⅰ in 3 cases: hematuresis in 2 and delayed recovery of intestinal function in 1 case, all had a spontaneous recovery without special managements; Grade Ⅲb in 1 case, postoperative distal ureteral stone in 1 cases and cured by ureteroscopic lithotripsy. According to data about Hb drop, risk of hemorrhage is lower in children than adult significantly(P<0.05). There is not significant difference in stone free rate, stone size, operative time, hematocrit drop, surgery complications, totally tubeless rate, stone complexity, average length of hospital stay and urinary infection(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#With the characteristics of safe, efficacious and rapid recovery, super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(SMP) can be used as the first choice of the treatment for upper urinary stone both in adults and children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of totally ultrasonography-guided super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(SMP) in the treatment of upper urinary stone in adults and children (＜ 14years).Methods From May 2015 to July 2018,81 cases of children(53％) and 71 (47％) cases of adults with upper tract stones underwent the SMP by total ultrasound guidance.In the group of children,it's including 53 male and 28 female with 85 channels in total,the patients age ranged from 10 months to 14 years,[mean (56.0 ± 39.7) months],The stone size ranged from 0.8-3.5 cm,[mean (1.7 ± 0.7) cm].About stone distribution,42 cases of pelvic stones,25 cases of calyceal and pelvic stones,5 cases of calyceal stones,7 cases of upper uretaral stones,1 case of upper ureteral and calyceal stones,1 case of malformation with double renal pelvis and ureter.Urinary infection rate was 86.4％ (70/81),positive rate of urinary culture was 39.5％ (32/81).In the group of adults,it's including 43 male and 28 female,the patients aged from 18 to 81 years,[mean (44.1 ± 15.4) years],The stone size ranged from 1.0-3.0 cm,[mean (1.7 ± 0.6) cm].About Stone distribution,19 cases of pelvic stones,13 cases of calyceal and pelvic stones,7 cases of calyceal stones,24 cases of upper uretaral stones,3 cases of upper ureteral and calyceal stones,1 case of malformation with double renal pelvis and ureter.Urinary infection rate was 87.3％ (62/71),positive rate of urinary culture was 26.8％ (19/71).The patient was placed in the lithotomy position under general anesthesia.A 5F ureteric catheter was retrogradely inserted into the collecting system and urethral catheter was placed in the bladder.The patient was then turned prone.The selected calix was punctured under ultrasound guidance by 18G puncture needle and a 0.032 inch guidewire was inserted into the collecting system.Nephrostomy tract was established using Dilators(it was done in one step for 12F and in two steps for 14F).After the corresponding size of suction-evacuation sheath was placed,the sheath was connected to the specimen collection bottle via the oblique branch of a metal connector.The miniature endoscope was inserted into the sheath to observe the collecting system and stone fragmentation was completed by using YAG laser or pneumatic lithotripter.Stone free rate after surgery at lday(SFR) and 1 month(1 month SFR),stone size,operative time(from starting fragmentation to the end of the surgery),hemoglobin drop and hematocrit drop in the first day after surgery,rate of surgecal complications,tubeless rate (totally tubless:no ureteric stent and nephrostomy tube;tubeless:no nephrostomy tube but ureteric stent),average length of hospital stay and urinary infection were recorded and compared.Results In children group,mean operative time was (27.7 ± 13.0)min(range 5-60 min),SFR and SFR at 1 month were 96.3％ (78/81)and 98.8％ (80/81),mean hemoglobin drop was (8.0 ± 9.1) g/L(range 0-41 g/L),mean hematocrit drop was 0.026 ±0.029(range 0-0.135),totally tubeless rate was 86.4％ (71/81),mean hospital stay was (2.5 ±0.9)days(range 1-5 days).Complications were observed in 9 cases and classified using Calvien grading system,Grade Ⅰ in 8 cases:postoperative fever in 4,hematuresis in 1,perirenal hematoma,postoperative distal ureteral stone in 1 cases and delayed recovery of intestinal function in 1 case,all had a spontaneous recovery without special managements;Grade Ⅲ b in 1 case,massive ascites was discovered during the surgery,and rcovered by puncture drainage.In adult group,mean operative time was (31.2 ± 15.3) min(range 7-80 min),SFR and SFR at 1 month were 97.2％ (69/71) and 98.6％ (70/71),mean hemoglobin drop was (11.9 ± 8.7) g/L (range 0-32 g/L),mean hematocrit drop was 0.030 ± 0.027 (range 0-0.106),totally tubeless rate was 87.3％ (62/71),mean hospital stay was (2.4 ± 1.1) days (range 1-8 days),urinary infection rate was 87.3％ (62./71),positive rate of urinary culture was 26.8％ (19/71).Complications were observed in 4 cases,Grade Ⅰ in 3 cases:hematuresis in 2 and delayed recovery of intestinal function in 1 case,all had a spontaneous recovery without special managements;Grade Ⅲ b in 1 case,postoperative distal ureteral stone in 1 cases and cured by ureteroscopic lithotripsy.According to data about Hb drop,risk of hemorrhage is lower in children than adult significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There is not significant difference in stone free rate,stone size,operative time,hematocrit drop,surgery complications,totally tubeless rate,stone complexity,average length of hospital stay and urinary infection (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions With the characteristics of safe,efficacious and rapid recovery,super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) can be used as the first choice of the treatment for upper urinary stone both in adults and children.
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Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a rare disorder resulting from overgrowth of adipose tissues. This condition presents gradually with swelling along with age, hypertrophy of adjacent bones, and tooth abnormalities. This study reports a case of congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of face with seizures and reviews relevant literature on the etiology, clinical symptom, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adipose Tissue , Face , Lipomatosis , SeizuresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The dietary pattern of pregnant women is known to be associated with preterm birth (PTB). We investigated whether PTB was associated with intake of fermented food by using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.@*METHODS@#From a data set of 103,099 pregnancies, 77,667 cases at low risk for PTB were analyzed. The primary outcome measurements were based on PTB. Fermented food (miso soup, yogurt, cheese, and fermented soybeans) consumption was assessed by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.@*RESULTS@#Intake of miso soup, yogurt, and fermented soybeans before pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of early PTB (< 34 weeks). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for early PTB in women who had miso soup 1-2 days/week, 3-4 days/week, or ≥ 5 days/week were 0.58, 0.69, and 0.62, respectively, compared with those who had miso soup < 1 day/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-0.85, 0.49-0.98, and 0.44-0.87). The adjusted OR for early PTB in women who ate yogurt ≥ 3 times/week was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.87) compared to those who ate yogurt < 1 time/week. The adjusted OR for early PTB in women who ate fermented soybeans ≥ 3 times/week was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.43-0.84) compared to those who ate < 1 time/week. However, the incidence of overall PTB and late PTB (34-36 weeks) was not associated with fermented food intake.@*CONCLUSION@#PTB low-risk women with a high consumption of miso soup, yogurt, and fermented soybeans before pregnancy have a reduced risk of early PTB.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cohort Studies , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Fermented Foods , Gestational Age , Japan , Epidemiology , Odds Ratio , Premature Birth , Epidemiology , Protective Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To probe into the status of " Internet +maternal and children healthcare"services provided by municipal maternal and child healthcare institutions, and to analyze existing problems, provide reference for the development of " Internet+maternal and children healthcare" for MCH institutions and other medical institutions. Methods From June to August 2018, the National General Information Platform on Women and Children Health was engaged, to launch a questionnaire survey on the status of" Internet+maternal and children healthcare" application at municipal MCH institutions across the country. Results The top three handy services for the public provided by municipal MCH institutions using the" Internet+" technology for the clients were hospital information inquiry, appointment registration and medical test result queries, accounting for 49.1% , 44.2% and 35.8% respectively. The proportion of" Internet+" specific service for women and children from high to low were portable device remote monitoring ( 16.1% ), antenatal examination/physical examination of children/vaccination reminder (13.3% ), online school for pregnant women(10.2% ), follow-up management services(9.8% ) and self-service measurements such as body height, weight, and blood pressure(3.5% ).The top three services for doctors were patient test result checkup, inquiry of patients′ basic information, and inquiry of patients′treatment, accounting for 19.3% , 17.5% and 13.0% respectively.In terms of service provision of the top one service for nurses was specimen code scan(17.5% ).In terms of the 18 handy services accessible, 5 specific services for women and children, 9 services for doctors, 4 services for nurses, the proportion declined in turn from the eastern, central and western areas in the country.The top three roadblocks to be resolved right away in the " Internet+maternal and children healthcare" service, were the lack of supervision system, that of professional technical management personnel and that of standard specifications, accounting for 63.5% , 57.5% and 49.1% respectively. Conclusions The " Internet+maternal and children healthcare"in municipal MCH institutions in China stays at an initial development stage, and there is a great development difference between the eastern, central and western regions of China. Relevant measures must be taken to reduce the development gap between municipal MCH institutions among these regions, and to solve the roadblocks curbing the development of " Internet + maternal and children healthcare" in municipal MCH institutions in China.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Nesta nota de pesquisa apresento um relato preliminar da pesquisa de doutorado em saúde da criança e da mulher que estou realizando no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz. Elegi como objeto de estudo a difusão dos saberes e práticas relativas ao parto. Optei em realizá-lo por meio da análise dos manuais de obstetrícia. Analiso manuais publicados no Brasil, entre 1980 e 2011, e pretendo contribuir para a construção de uma assistência ao parto no qual a mulher e suas necessidades sejam o centro no processo de tomada de decisões sobre os cuidados, intervenções e procedimentos a serem dispensados no trabalho de parto e no parto.
Abstract In this research note, I present a preliminary account of doctoral research in women's and children's health at the Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz. The aim is to study the spread of knowledge and practices relating to childbirth by analyzing obstetrics handbooks published in Brazil between 1980 and 2011, contributing to the development of childbirth care in which the woman and her needs are at the center of the decision-making process about which care, interventions, and procedures are to be dispensed during labor and childbirth.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Manuals as Topic , Obstetrics/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Na adolescência, a relação pais e filhos(as) sofre mudanças, de acordo com as transformações e o desenvolvimento do(a) adolescente. O(a) adolescente tende a se afastar dos pais para desenvolver sua individualidade e, no entanto, é importante que o vínculo entre pais e filhos(as) tenha continuidade. Nosso objetivo é investigar e discutir a relevância do apoio parental nas experiências emocionais de conquistas e de fracassos durante a adolescência. Participam deste estudo seis rapazes e seis moças, entre 15 e 19 anos de idade, entrevistados seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram transcritas e adotamos a Análise de Conteúdo. Nossa principal conclusão é a de que os(as) adolescentes consideram importante o suporte parental, como uma base segura, para a regulação das experiências emocionais negativas e como reforçadores nas experiências emocionais positivas. Este suporte configura um ambiente familiar facilitador para o processo do desenvolvimento emocional.(AU)
In the adolescence, the relationship between parents and children goes through changes along with the transformations and development in the adolescent's life. The adolescent tends to distance himself/herself from his/her parents to develop his/her own individuality. Nevertheless, it is important that the attachment between parents and children has continuity. Our aim is to investigate and discuss the relevance of parental support in emotional experiences of failure and achievements during adolescence. Six boys and six girls participated in this study, between the age of 15 and 19. A semi-structured script interview was used. The interviews were transcribed and Content analysis was made. Our main conclusion is that adolescents consider parental support important, as a safe base, for the regulation of the negative emotional experiences and reinforcement for the positive emotional experiences. This support fosters a family environment that facilitates the process of emotional development.(AU)