Regularity and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions in the treatment of primary osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription has a long history in the treatment of primary osteoporosis,and the curative effect is definite,but the medication rule and mechanism are not clear. OBJECTIVE:Using the methodology of data mining and network pharmacology,to explore and verify the law of drug use and molecular mechanism of modern traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. METHODS:The relevant documents included in CNKI,WanFang,VIP and PubMed were used as data sources,and the relevant data were statistically counted and extracted by Microsoft EXCEL2019,IBMSPSS25.0 and other software.The high-frequency drugs obtained from the data statistics were analyzed by association rules analysis and cluster analysis,and the core drug combination of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription in the treatment of primary osteoporosis was obtained by combining the two results.The therapeutic mechanism of this combination was explained by network pharmacology and verified by molecular docking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finally,151 articles were included and 207 prescriptions were selected,involving 285 flavors of Chinese herbs.(1)Ten groups of important drug combinations were obtained through the above two analyses,among which the core drug combination with the highest confidence and improvement was"Drynaria-Eucommia-Angelica."The key components of the combination in the treatment of primary osteoporosis were quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin and so on.The core targets were SRC proto-oncogene,phosphoinositide-3-Kinase regulatory subunit 1 and RELA proto-oncogene.The main pathways were cancer signaling pathway,JAK-STAT signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.(2)The key active components were docked with the core targets,and the two showed a good combination.To conclude,Chinese herbal compound therapy in the treatment of primary osteoporosis can use a variety of active components to exert its efficacy through multiple signal pathways and acting on multiple targets,which can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for the follow-up treatment of primary osteoporosis.

Analysis of the regulatory effect of Angelica dahurica on the MrgprD-TRPA1 pathway in neuropathic pain / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To analyze and explore the analgesic effect of Angelica dahurica in neuropathic pain and its regulatory effect on the Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member D(MrgprD)-transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)signaling pathway,using a mouse model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury(CCI).Methods A CCI mouse model was prepared by sterile surgical ligation and wrapping of the sciatic nerve in 30 mice.Pain-related behavioral changes induced by mechanical stimulation were detected by the VonFrey method,and the thermal hyperalgesic effects of Angelica dahurica were evaluated by thermal radiation experiments.The effects of Angelica dahurica on the protein expression levels MrgprD and TRPA1,the number of dorsal root ganglion(DRG)positive neurons,and mRNA levels of MrgprD and TRPA1 in mice were detected by Western Blot,immunofluorescence,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Differences in fluorescence signal intensity in HEK293 cells after single transfection and co-transfection with MrgprD and TRPA1 plasmids,respectively,were analyzed by calcium imaging experiments.Results A total of 25 CCI mouse models were successfully prepared,with a modeling rate of 83.33％(25/30).The mechanical threshold and foot retraction latency were significantly higher in CCI mice treated with Angelica dahurica compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Expression levels of MrgprD and TRPA1 proteins were significantly lower in CCI mice treated with Angelica dahurica than in the control group(P＜0.05).The number of MrgprD-and TRPA1-positive neurons in the DRG was significantly lower group(P＜0.05)and the mRNA levels of MrgprD and TRPA1 were also significantly lower in CCI mice treated with Angelica dahurica than in the control group(P＜0.05).The fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in HEK293 cells co-transfected with MrgprD and TRPA1 plasmids than in single-transfected and blank control cells(P＜0.05).Conclusions This study demonstrated that the MrgprD-TRPA1 pathway is an important target for neuropathic pain,and indicated that Angelica dahurica can inhibit neuropathic pain by regulating this signal transduction pathway.These result provide a foundation for further research on the development of new clinical analgesic drugs and analgesic mechanisms.

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Angelica sinensis and Evaluation of Their Secondary Metabolite Activities / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from Angelica sinensis and evaluate the bioactivity of their secondary metabolites.Methods Angelica sinensis and rhizosphere soil were utilized as materials.The tissue homogenization method was employed with six diverse culture media to isolate endophytic fungi.The antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites was gauged using a 96-well plate assay,while UV spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of four enzymes.Results A total of 153 fungal strains were isolated and purified from Angelica sinensis roots,stems,leaves,and soil.The samples exhibited specific inhibitory activities against adenosine deaminase(ADA),β-lactamase,xanthine oxidase(XO),and tyrosinase(TYR),with rates of 45.83%,52.78%,51.39%and 55.56%,respectively.Furthermore,1.39%of the samples displayed wide-ranging inhibitory effects against four indicator bacteria.Strain 6B also showcased the lowest inhibitory concentration values of 62.5 and 7.81 μg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and ATCC35218,respectively,signifying its potential research significance.Conclusion Angelica sinensis has abundant endophytic fungal resources and is a good source for discovering active compounds,demonstrating certain research value.

Differential analysis of coumarins in Angelica dahurica from different origins / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To screen the differential components of coumarins in Angelica dahurica from two origins （A. dahurica cv.‘ Hangbaizhi’； A. dahurica cv.‘ Qibaizhi’）. METHODS Non-targeted metabolomics technique of UPLC-Q-Exactive- MS/MS was used to analyze the coumarins in 6 batches of A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ and 12 batches of A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’. The differential components were screened by principal component analysis， partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Cluster analysis was performed on differential components. RESULTS A total of 41 coumarins were identified in 18 batches of samples， in which 23 coumarins were differential components. Therein， 6 differential components were higher in content in A. dahurica cv.‘ Hangbaizhi’， while 17 differential components were higher in content in A. dahurica cv.‘ Qibaizhi’. The content of marmesin galactoside in A. dahurica cv.‘ Hangbaizhi’ was significantly higher than that in A. dahurica cv.‘ Qibaizhi’. Based on 23 differential components， A. dahurica cv.‘ Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’ could be grouped into one category， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The screened differential components of coumarins can be used to distinguish A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ from A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’， especially marmesin galactoside contributed the most， which can be used to identify A. dahurica cv.‘ Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv.‘ Qibaizhi’.

Effect of Angelica dahurica coumarins on the transport behavior of puerarin across blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo / 药学学报

A BBB co-culture cell model consisting of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and astrocytes (AS) was established to study the effect of Angelica dahurica coumarins on the transport behavior of puerarin across blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and in vivo. The barrier function of this model was evaluated by measuring the transendothelial resistance, phenol red permeability and BBB related protein expression. The permeability assay and western blot methods were performed to study the effects of Angelica dahurica coumarins on the BBB permeability and the expression of BBB related protein. The animal experiment protocols in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Animal Ethics No.: 2021-1329). The results showed that the established BMEC/AS co-culture model could be used to evaluate drug transport across BBB in vitro. After combined with Angelica dahurica coumarins, the transport capacity of puerarin was significantly increased in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Angelica dahurica coumarins enhanced BBB permeability and inhibited the protein expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Angelica dahurica coumarins might increase BBB permeability by inhibiting the expression of P-gp and tight junction protein, thereby increasing the content of puerarin in brain tissue.

Monoterpenes from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head / 药学学报

Eleven monoterpenes including seven new chemical structures or new natural products covering two pairs of scalemic enantiomers, together with four known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head (Guitou) by separation techniques of column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Toyopearl HW-40C, together with preparative thin-layer chromatography as well as reversed phase and chiral HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, combined with theoretic calculation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The new structures or new natural products named (+)-/(-)-angelinones A and B [(+)-/(-)-1 and (+)-/(-)-2], angelinones C and D (3 and 4), and angelinol A (5), respectively, while the known analogues were 6β,9-dihydroxy-(+)-α-pinene (6), 1,1,5-trimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dien-4-one (7), jasminol E (8), and (+)-trans-sobrerol (9). All the isolates were reported in this plant for the first time, except for the previously reported 6 from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of A. sinensis, of which the structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography in this study.

Dimeric phthalides from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head / 药学学报

Ten dimeric phthalide racemates (1-10) were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head (Guitou) by separation techniques of column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, together with preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. The racemates were further separated into (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 with chiral HPLC. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, combined with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and NMR calculations as well as single crystal X-ray diffractions. Compounds (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 are either new structure or new natural product, named (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidic acids A-H [(+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-8] and (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidols A and B [(+)-/(-)-9 and (+)-/(-)-10], respectively. Meanwhile, dimeric phthalide mono- and bis-lactone derivatives with 3.3′a,8.6′- and 3.6′,8.3′a-coupling patterns as well as determination of their relative configurations are discussed.

Cloning and Expression Patterns of Coumarate-3-hydroxylase Gene from Angelica sinensis and Its Correlation with Content of Ferulic Acid / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo clone coumarate-3-hydroxylase gene （C3H） from Angelica sinensis， and analyze the correlation between its bioinformatics， expression patterns and content of ferulic acid， and to explore the functions of ASC3H. MethodReal-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to clone the full-length cDNA of ASC3H based on the transcriptome dataset of A. sinensis， and the bioinformatics analysis of the gene sequence was carried out. Real-time PCR and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were used to determine relative expression of ASC3H and content of ferulic acid in different root tissues of A. sinensis （periderm， cortex and stele）. ResultThe open reading frame （ORF） of ASC3H （GenBank accession number： MN2550298） was 1 530 bp， encoding 509 amino acids， with a theoretical molecular weight of 57.86 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.36. It was a hydrophilic protein that was located in the chloroplast with multiple phosphorylation sites and a transmembrane region， and contained a conserved domain CGYDWPKGYGPIINVW_P450 （383-399 aa） in cytochrome P450. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed that ASC3H had high similarity with C3H from other plants， especially Ammi majus in Umbelliferae. The Real-time PCR revealed that ASC3H had different expressions in periderm， cortex and stele tissues of A. sinensis roots. It was found from HPLC that the cortex tissues had the highest content of ferulic acid， and the stele tissues had the lowest. ConclusionASC3H was successfully cloned from A. sinensis， and its sequence characteristics were understood more clearly， suggesting that ASC3H might be involved in the ferulic acid biosynthesis pathway of A. sinensis. This paper provided a basis for further studying the functions of the gene and exploring the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of ferulic acid in A. sinensis， while laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of A. sinensis．

Chemical Components and Pharmacological Action for Angelica dahurica Sinensis and Predictive Analysis on its Q-marker / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Angelica dahurica,as a medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicine,is widely used in clinical practice.It is mainly cultivated in Henan,Hebei,Sichuang and Zhejiang provinces.At present,the study found that the main chemical components of this plant contained coumarins,volatile oil,polysaccharides,alkaloids,and amino acids and other components.It has anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,whitening effect and other pharmacological activities.In this paper,the chemical composition,pharmacological action of Angelica dahurica were summarized.Based on the core concepts of quality markers,the quality markers of Angelica dahurica were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of plant relativity and chemical component specificity,traditional medicinal properties,traditional efficacy,measurability of chemical components,Sulfur Fumigated,so as to provide reference for establishment and development of quality evaluation system of Angelica dahurica.

Interventional Effect of Angelica Sinensis Ultrafiltrate on Radiation-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Overexpression of Cardiac CILP1 / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To clarify the intervention effect of Angelica Radix Astragali ultrafiltrate(RAS-RH)on radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the overexpression of cardiac CILP1.Methods Forty SPF Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Benazepril hydrochloride group,RAS-RH group and Benazepril hydrochloride +RAS-RH group.Cardiomyocytes were induced by X-ray.The rat model of myocardial fibrosis was prepared by injury.The benazepril hydrochloride group was given benazepril hydrochloride 1.0 mg·kg-1 by gavage;the RAS-RH group was given RAS-RH 0.6 g·kg-1 by gavage;benazepril hydrochloride was given by gavage Pril + RAS-RH group was given benazepril hydrochloride 1.0 mg·kg-1 and RAS-RH 0.6 g·kg-1 by gavage;model group and normal group were given equal volume of normal saline by gavage,once a day,After 4 weeks of drug intervention,the serum NT-ProBNP,CTnⅠ and CTnT contents of the rats in each group were detected by ELISA method;HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of myocardial tissue of the rats in each group;Masson staining was used to evaluate the myocardial collagen deposition of the rats in each group and calculated Collagen volume fraction(CVF);immunohistochemistry to detect the expression levels of α-SMA,Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ protein in myocardial tissue of rats in each group;Western blot method to detect TGF-β1 and smad3 in myocardial tissue of rats in each group,CILP1 protein expression.Results Compared with the blank group,the serum levels of NT-ProBNP,CTnⅠ and CTnT in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Blue-stained fibrous tissue increased significantly,myocardial CVF increased significantly,and myocardial tissue α-SMA,Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ,TGF-β1,Smad3,CILP1 protein expression increased(P<0.01);Serum contents of NT-ProBNP,cTnⅠ and CTnT in rats in napril group,RAS-RH group and benazepril hydrochloride + RAS-RH group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Sexual cell infiltration was improved,myocardial CVF was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the protein expressions of α-SMA,Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ,TGF-β 1,Smad3 and CILP1 in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Angelica sinensis ultrafiltrate can alleviate X-ray radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats by inhibiting the overexpression of CILP 1 in the heart.

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Angelica acutiloba(Sieb.et Zucc.)Kitagawa / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Angelica acutiloba(Sieb.et Zucc.)Kitagawa(AAK)is applied at Japan,Korea and Chaoxian nationality in China,which conceals exploiting potential and application value.The information of A.acutiloba was summarized base on CNKI and Pubmed databases,combining with Herb,Pubchem,Chemical book databases.Nowadays the compounds of AAK consist of volatile oil,coumarins,flavonoids,polysaccharide and so on.Due to the different planting methods and production areas,the content of compounds varies from region to region.Various of AAK compounds exert pharmacological activity through multiple pathways.It's aqueous extract,alcohol extract and partial monomer play an important role in regulating multiple systems such as the circulatory system,nervous system,and immune system.Those ingredients improve the pharmacological activities of hematopoietic and cardiovascular system,protect liver,combat inflammation,resist bacteria,improve learning and memory function,retard photoaging and resist tumor.In this paper,the progress of chemical constituents and pharmacology activity of AAK were sorted out from recent two decades,so as to offer assistance for therapeutic material basis,development of medicinal resource and clinical utilization.

Angelica sinensis polysaccharide promotes stress erythropoiesis in mice caused by 5-FU / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) antagonizing 5-fluorou-raeil (5-FU) on spleen stress erythropoiesis in mice and its related mechanism. Methods C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, ASP group, 5-FU group and ASP + 5-FU group. The mouse body weight during the modeling pe-riod was recorded, and peripheral blood routine and the number of mononuclear cells in the bone marrow of femur were measured. Histopathology of spleen was de-tected, also the index and cellularity of spleen were analyzed. BFU-E of spleen mononuclear cells was counted. The number of F4/80

Angelica polysaccharides improve hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting the expression of GRP78, p-PERK and p-Eif2α in diabetic KK-Ay mice / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of Angelica polysaccharide on hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic KK-Ay mice. MEHTODS: Forty diabetic KK-Ay mice were randomly divided into model group, metformin group, and angelica polysaccharide high, medium, and low dose groups, with 8 mice in each group. 8 C57BL/6J mice were used as blank control group. The mice were gavaged with 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/ kg and 100 mg/kg of angelica polysaccharide in the high, medium and low dose groups, respectively, and 200 mg/kg of metformin hydrochloride in the metformin group, while the normal and model groups were gavaged with equal volume of saline, and fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly. After 4 weeks of gavage, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured in mice serum; RT-PCR was performed to observe the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK) and phosphorylated α-subunit eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (p-Eif2α) in liver tissues. mRNA expression; Western blot, immunohistochemistry to detect the protein expression of GRP78, p-PERK, p-Eif2α in mouse liver tissues. HE staining: to observe the histopathological changes in the liver. RESULT: Compared with the blank group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.01) and the levels of HDL-C were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the model group; compared with the model group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased (P <0.05, P<0.01) and the levels of HDL-C were significantly increased in the metformin group, angelica polysaccharide high and medium dose groups. Compared with the blank group, the expression of GRP78, p-PERK and p-Eif2α in the model group was significantly upregulated (P<0.01), and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK and p-Eif2α in the angelica polysaccharide high, medium and low dose groups was significantly downregulated (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the high dose group had the best effect compared with the model group. Compared with the model group, the mice in the angelica polysaccharide group showed dense liver tissue, reduced vacuole-like degeneration, reduced liver steatosis, gradually aligned hepatocytes, and clear hepatic sinusoidal structure, and the effect was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Angelica polysaccharide significantly improved liver injury in diabetic KK-Ay mice, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins and factors GRP78, p-PERK and p-Eif2α expression by Angelica polysaccharide and improvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Angelica sinensis polysaccharides improve Th1/Th2 imbalance and protect pregnancy in threatened abortion model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the tocolysis effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides on threatened abortion model rats and their impacts on Th1/Th2 balance by regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （AKT） signaling pathway. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly grouped into the control group， model group， A. sinensis polysaccharide group （200 mg/kg）， PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 group （5 mg/kg）， and A. sinensis polysaccharide+LY294002 group （200 mg/kg A. sinensis polysaccharide+5 mg/kg LY294002）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， rats in all other groups were given mifepristone （8.3 mg/kg） and misoprostol （100 μg/kg） intragastrically to establish a threatened abortion model， and intragastric or intraperitoneal injection of corresponding drugs. The serum levels of estrogen， progesterone， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-4 （IL-4） in each group of rats were detected， and the uterine ovarian index and embryonic mortality rate of rats in each group were measured； the morphology of uterine tissue in rats was observed in each group； Th1/Th2 balance in peripheral blood of rats as well as the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins in the uterine tissues of rats in each group were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the uterine tissue of rats in the model group showed pathological damage； the serum levels of estrogen， progesterone and IL-4， uterine ovarian index， peripheral blood Th2 cell ratio， and the ratios of phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）/PI3K and phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT）/AKT in uterine tissue were all decreased （P＜0.05）； the embryo mortality rate， Th1 cell ratio， Th1/Th2 ratio， and serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the pathological damage of uterine tissue in the A. sinensis polysaccharide group was reduced， and the above indexes were all improved significantly （P＜0.05）； LY294002 could weaken the effect of A. sinensis polysaccharide on model rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS A. sinensis polysaccharides can improve Th1/Th2 imbalance in threatened abortion model rats by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway， thereby inhibiting immune inflammation， and promoting embryo survival.

Screening and promoting effect of grow-promoting fungi in rhizosphere of Angelica dahurica var. formosana / 中国中药杂志

Excessive application of chemical fertilizer has caused many problems in Angelica dahurica var. formosana planting, such as yield decline and quality degradation. In order to promote the green cultivation mode of A. dahurica var. formosana and explore rhizosphere fungus resources, the rhizosphere fungi with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, iron-producing carrier, and IAA-producing properties were isolated and screened in the rhizosphere of A. dahurica var. formosana from the genuine and non-genuine areas, respectively. The strains were identified comprehensively in light of the morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequences, and the growth-promoting effect of the screened strains was verified by pot experiment. The results showed that 37 strains of growth-promoting fungi were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere of A. dahurica var. formosana, mostly belonging to Fusarium. The cultured rhizosphere growth-promoting fungi of A. dahurica var. formosana were more abundant and diverse in the genuine producing areas than in the non-genuine producing areas. Among all strains, Aspergillus niger ZJ-17 had the strongest growth promotion potential. Under the condition of no fertilization outdoors, ZJ-17 inoculation significantly promoted the growth, yield, and accumulation of effective components of A. dahurica var. formosana planted in the soil of genuine and non-genuine producing areas, with yield increases of 73.59% and 37.84%, respectively. To a certain extent, it alleviated the restriction without additional fertilization on the growth of A. dahurica var. formosana. Therefore, A. niger ZJ-17 has great application prospects in increasing yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosana and reducing fertilizer application and can be actually applied in promoting the growth of A. dahurica var. formosana and producing biofertilizer.

Protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis compatibility against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility against triptolide(TP)-induced hepatotoxicity. The experiment was divided into a blank group, model group, Astragalus membranaceus group, Angelica sinensis group, and compatibility groups with Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1, 2∶1, and 5∶1. TP-induced hepatotoxicity model was established, and corresponding drug intervention was carried out. The levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum were detected. Pathological injuries of livers were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione(GSH) in the liver were measured. Wes-tern blot method was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-1 alpha(PGC-1α), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) in livers. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α in livers. The results indicated that Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 could significantly reduce the levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP, improve the pathological damage of liver tissue, increase the levels of GSH and GSH-Px, and reduce the content of MDA in liver tissue. Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1 and 2∶1 could significantly improve the level of SOD. Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility significantly increased the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1, improved the protein expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α, and decreased the protein expression of Keap1 in liver tissue. The above results confirmed that the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis had antioxidant effects by re-gulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α, and the Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 had stronger antioxidant effect and significantly reduced TP-induced hepatoto-xicity.

Seven new 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarin derivatives from Angelica dahurica / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Angelica dahurica, a well-known Chinese herbal medicine named Baizhi in Chinese.@*METHODS@#Compounds were separated by various chromatographies, and the structures of new compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D, 2D NMR, HRESI MS, IR, and UV). The absolute configurations of new compounds were determined by the calculated electronic circular dichroism and chemical derivatization. The inhibitory activities of all isolates against nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.@*RESULTS@#Seven new 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarin derivatives ( 1a/ 1b, 2a/ 2b, 3a/ 3b, 4) together with a known furanocoumarin ( 5) were isolated from the roots of A. dahurica. The new compounds included three pairs of enantiomers, (4S, 2''R)-angelicadin A ( 1a)/(4R, 2''S)-angelicadin A ( 1b), (4S, 2''S)-angelicadin A ( 2a)/(4R, 2''R)-angelicadin A ( 2b), and (4S, 2''S)-secoangelicadin A ( 3a)/(4R, 2''R)-secoangelicadin A ( 3b), together with (4R, 2''R)-secoangelicadin A methyl ester ( 4). The known xanthotoxol ( 5) inhibited the NO production with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of (32.8 ± 0.8) µmol/L, but all the new compounds showed no inhibitory activities at the concentration of 100 µmol/L.@*CONCLUSION@#This is the first report of the discovery of 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarins from A. dahurica. The results are not only meaningful for the understanding of the chemical constituents of A. dahurica, but also enrich the reservoir of natural products.

Effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic KK-Ay mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic KK-Ay mice. METHODS KK-Ay mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group （200 mg/kg） and A. sinensis polysaccharide high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （400， 200 and 100 mg/kg）； C57BL/6J mice were included in blank group， with 8 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically or normal saline， once a day， for consecutive 4 weeks. After the final administration， the levels of fasting glucose， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and insulin （INS） were detected； the protein expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， cleaved- caspase-3， apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 （ASK1）， phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase （p-JNK）， phosphorylated inositol- requiring enzyme 1α （p-IRE1α） in myocardium， and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes were also detected. RESULTS Compared with model group， the fasting glucose， TC and LDL-C content， apoptotic rate of cardiomyocyte， protein expressions of p-JNK and p- IRE1α， ASK1， cleaved-caspase-3 were significantly lower in the metformin group and A. sinensis polysaccharide medium-dose， high-dose groups； INS level and relative expression of Bcl-2 protein were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS A. sinensis polysaccharide can improve the levels of blood glucose and blood lipid and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic KK-Ay mice， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IRE1/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway.

Chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, -amylase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of Angelica pancicii Vandas ex Velen / Caracterización química, actividad antioxidante, potencial inhibidor de -amilasa y acetilcolinesterasa de Angelica pancicii Vandas ex Velen

Abstract: Comparative study GC - FID /M S of essential oils of fruits, leaves and roots of the endemic plant Angelica pancicii Vandas ex Velen. revealed a significant difference in their chemical composition. The enantiomeric purity of the main component in the fruit oil (+) - ß - phellandrene was a lso confirmed. In addition, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, angeloylpangelin and umbelliprenin were isolated from the fruit hexane extract. The content of these coumarins in the hexane extracts from different plant parts was further determined by HPLC. The essential oils and hexane extracts were assessed for their antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect towards  - amylase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. The fruit and leaf essential oils (> 80%) as well as the fruit he xane extract (> 62%) significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Distinguish free radical scavenging properties were detected for the leaf (Inh. 95.0 ± 2.2 %) and the root (Inh. 66.0 ± 2.4 %) extracts.

Resumen: Estudio comparativo GC - FID / MS de aceites esenciales de frutas, hojas y raíces de la planta endémica Angelica pancicii Vandas ex Velen revelaron una dife rencia significativa en su composición química. También se confirmó la pureza enantiomérica del componente principal del aceite de fruta (+) - ß - felandreno. Además, se aislaron imperatorina, isoimperatorina, oxipeucedanina, hidrato de oxipeucedanina, angeloi lpangelina y umbeliprenina del extracto de hexano del fruto. El contenido de estas cumarinas en los extractos de hexano de diferentes partes de la planta se determinó adicionalmente mediante HPLC. Los aceites esenciales y extractos de hexano se evaluaron p or su potencial antioxidante efecto inhibidor de las enzimas -  - amilasa y acetilcolinesterasa. Los aceites esenciales de frutas y hojas (> 80%), así como el extracto de hexano de frutas (> 62%) inhibieron significativamente la enzima acetilcolinesterasa. Se detectaron propiedades de captación de radicales libres diferenciadas para los extractos de hoja (Inh. 95,0 ± 2,2%) y de raíz (Inh. 66,0 ± 2,4%).

Rapid identification of phthalides and organic acids in Angelica sinensis based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a comprehensive and rapid m ethod for the a nalysis of chemical constituents as phthalides and organic acids in Angelica sinensis ，and to provide scientific reference for the quality evaluation and pharmacodynamic substance research of A. sinensis . METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract of A. sinensis was analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid solution- acetonitrile（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and sample size was 2 µL. The ion source was an electrospray ion source ，using positive ion scanning mode ，and the mass scanning range was m/z 50-1 000. Capillary voltage was 4 000 V； atomizer pressure was 35 psi；cracking voltage was 135 V and the taper hole voltage was 65 V；the temperature of dry gas was 320 ℃；the flow of dry gas was 10 L/min and the flow of sheath gas was 11 L/min；collision energy were 20 and 40 V. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software was used to obtain the retention time of compounds ，the accurate mass number of excimer ion peaks and secondary fragments. The compounds were analyzed by comparing with the mass spectra of the reference substance ，combined with relevant literature ，mass spectrometry cleavage law and database such as Chemspider ，MassBank，PubChem. RESULTS A total of 72 compounds were identified or deduced from A. sinensis ，including 55 phthalides，13 organic acids and 4 other constituents. CONCLUSIONS The established method is rapid and accurate for the identification of chemical constituents from A. sinensis ，such as organic acids and phthalides ，which provides an efficient and rapid analytical method for the comprehensive characterization of its chemical constituents.