ABSTRACT
Canine mammary tumors are among the most frequently observed cutaneous tumors in female dogs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), referred to as tumor-initiating cells, are thought to have properties similar to normal stem cells such as the ability to self-renewal and to differentiate into various cell types. Biological understanding of CSCs and the critical pathways involved in their maintenance are important in research and therapy for mammary tumors. We conducted the present study on sphere formation from REM134 cells by using methylcellulose to produce tumorspheres on a large scale and compared the specific markers of the spheres-formed and plating-cultured REM134 cells. The results revealed that the tumorspheres cultured in methylcellulose had higher seeding density and improved morphology compared to those produced in normal sphere formation medium. Expression levels of stemness markers and CSC-related markers were higher in tumorsphere-forming cells than in plating-cultured cells. Subsequently, we transplanted the tumorsphere-forming and plating-cultured cells into female nude mice to examine their tumorigenic potential. Tumor volume increased rapidly in mice transplanted with tumorsphere-derived cells compared to plating-cultured cells. We observed a novel sphere-forming condition for REM134 cells and showed that REM134 cell tumorspheres can exhibit improved CSC properties.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Mice , Carcinogenesis , Critical Pathways , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal , Methylcellulose , Mice, Nude , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Stem Cells , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
Os tumores da glândula mamária constituem as neoplasias mais frequentes em cadelas e a doxorrubicina é uma das principais drogas quimioterápicas utilizadas no tratamento deste tipo de câncer. A quimioterapia neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina possibilita a redução do tumor e permite a avaliação da resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico in vivo. A procura por marcadores preditivos de resposta tem o objetivo de identificar as pacientes responsivas e não responsivas ao tratamento com o quimioterápico de modo a permitir a indicação de uma abordagem terapêutica específica para cada paciente. A expressão de alguns trios de genes, incluindo PRSS11, MTSS1 e CLPTM1 e, PRSS11, MTSS1 e SMYD2 em mulheres com câncer de mama que receberam tratamento neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina permitiu a classificação das pacientes em sensíveis e resistentes ao tratamento. Outros genes diferencialmente expressos entre amostras consideradas sensíveis e resistentes à doxorrubicina foram NOTCH1 e RPL37A. Avaliamos no presente trabalho se a expressão de trios de genes permitia a classificação de resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico em outro modelo, constituído por carcinoma de mama de cadela, mantido em cultura de tecido na forma de fatias e exposto à doxorrubicina in vitro. A cultura de fatias de tecidos permite a manutenção da interação epitélio-mesênquima e é considerado um modelo mais próximo ao observado in vivo. Foram obtidas amostras de tumor mamário de 38 pacientes caninas atendidas no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UMESP), em São Bernardo do Campo, durante a cirurgia de mastectomia. Os proprietários deram seu consentimento livre e esclarecido para a realização do estudo. A idade mediana das pacientes foi de 10,4 anos e, 55% e 18,4% destas pacientes eram animais sem raça definida (SRD) e da raça poodle, respectivamente. Oito pacientes haviam sido submetidas previamente à cirurgia de esterilização...
Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasias of bitches and doxorubicin is one the mainstay drugs used in their treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin not only reduces the primary tumor as well as allows an in vivo evaluation of tumor response. Predictive markers of response, if identified, might allow a tailored treatment of each patient. In women with breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, expression of groups of three genes, including PRSS11, MTSS1 and CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1 and SMYD2, classified the patients in responsive and resistant. Other genes differentially expressed between responsive and non-responsive tumors were NOTCH1 and RPL37A. We have then evaluated whether the expression of trios of these genes could allow the classification of tumors according to their response to chemotherapy, in another animal model constituted by mammary carcinoma of bitches, cultured as tissue slices and exposed to doxorrubicin in vitro. Culture of tissue slices preserves epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, in a similar way to that observed in vivo. Tumor samples were obtained from 38 canine patients treated at Hospital Veterinaria da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UMESP), São Bernardo do Campo, during mastectomy. Animal owners gave their informed consent to this study. Median age of patients was 10,4 years and 55% and 18,4% of them were mixed and poodle breed, respectively. Eight patients were previously spayed. Patients were classified in clinical stage III (39,47%), II (28,9%), I (18,4%) and IV (pulmonary metastasis only) (13,1%). Carcinomas were classified as cystic-papillary (34,2%), tubular (34,2%), tubular-papillary (18,42%) and solid (10,52%). Tumors were sliced and cultured in the absence or in the presence of doxorubicin (1 uM) for 24 hours and response evaluation was performed by cell counting of treated and untreated samples...