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Objective@#To investigate the trend in incidence of stroke in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the integrated strategy for stroke control.@* Methods@#The data of stroke morbidity in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 were collected through Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management System. The incidence of stroke was calculated, and standardized by the population of the Chinese Sixth National Census in 2010. The trends in stroke incidence were evaluated in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), and gender-, age- and subtype-specific incidence of stroke was descriptively analyzed. @*Results@#A total of 30 377 cases with stroke were reported in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with a crude incidence rate of 190.45/105 and a standardized incidence rate of 405.65/105. The crude incidence rate of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 (APC=5.38%, t=4.678, P=0.001), and a higher crude incidence rate of stroke was seen among men than among women (227.57/105 vs. 148.40/105; χ2=1 309.580, P<0.001). The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend =435.717, P<0.001), and there was a tendency towards a rise in stroke incidence among residents under 40 years of age (APC=2.89%, t=2.538, P=0.029). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was 151.24/105, which was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke (39.21/105) (χ2=10 521.000, P<0.001). @*Conclusions@#The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype of stroke. Males and middle-aged and elderly residents should be given a high priority for stroke prevention and treatment.
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Objective To analyze the disease burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China and regions with different income levels in the world from 1990 to 2019. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) results, the changes of the disease burden of MDR-TB in China and regions with different income levels in the world were described and analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program 4.8.0.1 software. Results From 1990 to 2019, the age standardized incidence, mortality and DALY rates in China and other areas with different income levels in the world basically showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing at the turning point of the late 20th century and early 21st century, except for low-income areas where the age standardized incidence rate showed an overall upward trend. In 2019, the incidence rate, mortality and DALY rate of MDR-TB in China were 9 times, 6.67 times and 6.89 times higher than those in high-income areas, respectively. The incidence rate in China was 6 times lower than that in low and middle-income areas, while the mortality and DALY rate in China were 26 times and 32.53 times lower than those in low-income areas, respectively. The age standardized incidence, mortality rate and DALY rate of MDR-TB in men were higher than those in women. Risk factors for the burden of MDR-TB disease included alcohol consumption, smoking, and high fasting blood glucose. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, there are significant regional and gender differences in the disease burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China and regions with different income levels in the world. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is still a major challenge for tuberculosis control in the world. It is necessary to develop more effective control strategies and health care systems to deal with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Objective@#To investigate the trends in mortality and life lost due to female breast cancer among in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021, so as to provide insights into improvements of breast cancer control strategy in Suzhou City.@*Methods@#The epidemiological and clinical data pertaining to dead female breast cancer cases in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021 were collected from Suzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Surveillance System, including gender, age and cause of death. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), standardized YPLL (SYPLL), standardized YPLLR (SYPLLR) and average years of life lost (AYLL) due to female breast cancer were calculated. All data were standardized by the Fifth National Population Census in 2000, and the trends in mortality of breast cancer were estimated using average annual percent change (AAPC). @*Results@#Totally 4 425 death occurred due to female breast cancer in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021, with a crude mortality rate of 8.67/105, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=1.83%, t=5.080, P=0.001), and the standardized mortality was 4.68/105, which appeared no significant changes (AAPC=0.13%, t=0.356, P=0.727). The crude mortality rates of female breast cancer were 0.62/105, 10.33/105 and 21.69/105 among women at ages of 15 to 34, 35 to 64 years and 65 years and older, respectively, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=2 315.683, P=0.001). The crude mortality of female breast cancer was 8.66/105 in urban areas and 8.86/105 in rural areas, both appearing a tendency towards a rise (urban areas: AAPC=1.73%, t=3.290, P=0.006; rural areas: AAPC=2.68%, t=6.565, P=0.001). The YPLL, SYPLL, YPLLR, SYPLLR and AYLL of female breast cancer were 44 485 person-years, 30 387 person-years, 0.99‰, 0.68‰ and 14.94 years per person, and both YPLLR (AAPC=-1.06%, t=-2.193, P=0.047) and AYLL (AAPC=-1.53%, t=-4.783, P=0.001) appeared a tendency towards a reduction, respectively. @*Conclusion@#The crude mortality of female breast cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise and the life loss appeared a tendency towards a decline in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021. The elderly population should be given a high priority for breast cancer control.
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Objective To analyze the changes of mortality and potential years of life lost （PYLL） due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） among residents in Baoshan District， Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and provide strategies and basis for COPD prevention and treatment in the future. Methods Based on the cause-of-death surveillance system in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019， Microsoft Excel 2010， SPSS 22.0 and Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software were used to sort out and analyze the data over the years and calculate the crude mortality， standardized mortality， age-specific mortality， PYLL， annual percent change （APC）， etc. Results From 2010 to 2019， the average annual mortality of COPD was 48.08/100 000， and the standardized mortality rate was 39.95/100 000， accounting for 5.82% of the total deaths in the same period， and COPD ranked as the third leading cause of death in Baoshan District. During the 10 years， the crude and standardized mortality of male COPD patients were generally higher than those of female patients （ P <0.01）. However， the crude mortality and standardized mortality of COPD showed a decreasing trend with the increase of years （ P <0.001）， and an increasing trend with the increase of age， of which the proportion of patients aged 75 and above was the highest， accounting for 85.71% of all age groups. The PYLL caused by COPD deaths was 2 352.5 years， including 1 977.5 years for men and 375.0 years for women. The number of years of life lost per 10 000 people due to COPD in males （4.18 years） was much longer than that in females （0.82 years）. Conclusion From 2010 to 2019， the standardized mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Baoshan District， Shanghai has shown a significant decline. However， due to the heavy burden brought by COPD， which has an especially profound impact on the health of elderly and male residents， COPD should be regarded as one of the key diseases in the prevention and control of chronic diseases in public health services， and effective preventive measures should be taken.
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Objective To analyze the changes of mortality and potential years of life lost （PYLL） due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） among residents in Baoshan District， Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and provide strategies and basis for COPD prevention and treatment in the future. Methods Based on the cause-of-death surveillance system in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019， Microsoft Excel 2010， SPSS 22.0 and Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software were used to sort out and analyze the data over the years and calculate the crude mortality， standardized mortality， age-specific mortality， PYLL， annual percent change （APC）， etc. Results From 2010 to 2019， the average annual mortality of COPD was 48.08/100 000， and the standardized mortality rate was 39.95/100 000， accounting for 5.82% of the total deaths in the same period， and COPD ranked as the third leading cause of death in Baoshan District. During the 10 years， the crude and standardized mortality of male COPD patients were generally higher than those of female patients （ P <0.01）. However， the crude mortality and standardized mortality of COPD showed a decreasing trend with the increase of years （ P <0.001）， and an increasing trend with the increase of age， of which the proportion of patients aged 75 and above was the highest， accounting for 85.71% of all age groups. The PYLL caused by COPD deaths was 2 352.5 years， including 1 977.5 years for men and 375.0 years for women. The number of years of life lost per 10 000 people due to COPD in males （4.18 years） was much longer than that in females （0.82 years）. Conclusion From 2010 to 2019， the standardized mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Baoshan District， Shanghai has shown a significant decline. However， due to the heavy burden brought by COPD， which has an especially profound impact on the health of elderly and male residents， COPD should be regarded as one of the key diseases in the prevention and control of chronic diseases in public health services， and effective preventive measures should be taken.
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Objective@#To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for the development of AD prevention and control strategies. @* Methods@#The data pertaining to the incidence and mortality of AD in China from 2003 to 2017 were collected from the Global Burden Disease Study, and standardized to the data of the Sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trends in incidence and mortality of AD were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change ( AAPC ) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017. @*Results@#The incidence of AD increased from 96.05/105 in 2003 to 140.96/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 2.776% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 3.419% ) was found during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized incidence of AD increased 102.06/105 in 2003 to 106.09/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.274% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.177% ) was measured during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05). The mortality of AD increased from 24.60/105 in 2003 to 41.44/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 3.862% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC (4.667%) was found during the period between 2005 and 2011 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized mortality of AD increased 26.83/105 in 2003 to 27.16/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.142% ( P>0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.048% ) was measured during the period between 2005 and 2012 ( P<0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both the incidence and mortality of AD appeared a tendency towards a rise in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017.
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Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of stroke death among registered residents in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2007 to 2019，and to provide scientific basis for evaluation of comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures of stroke. Methods:All death monitoring data of the residents was collected and the crude mortality， standardized mortality and annual percent change （APC） of stroke were obtained by statistical treatment. Results:A total of 15 235 stroke deaths were reported in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2007 to 2019，with an average annual mortality rate of 144.59/105. The rate was higher in males than in females （169.02/105 in males and 121.04/105 in females， P<0.001）. The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend with the year （APC=1.51%， P<0.05）. The standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend （APC=-1.39%， P<0.05）. The crude mortality of ischemic stroke showed an upward trend with the year （APC=3.15%， P<0.01）， and the trend change in standardized mortality rate had no statistical significance. The crude mortality and standardized mortality of hemorrhagic stroke showed a downward trend，with the mortality rate decreased at 2.43% per year and the standardized mortality rate decreased at the 4.50% per year （all P<0.05）. Conclusion:Stroke is the main disease affecting the health of residents in Hexi District of Tianjin. Targeted measures should be taken to reduce the mortality of stroke. Stroke prevention and control should focus on winter and spring seasons， males， elderly people and patients with ischemic stroke.
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Objective@#To analyze the epidemic trend of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 and predict the incidence in 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.@*Methods@#The incidence data of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 was retrieved from Nanjng Center for Disease Control and Prevention and National Infectious Disease Reporting System. The epidemic trend was analyzed by estimating the annual percent change ( APC ) and the average annual percent change ( AAPC ). The seasonal incidence of different types of viral hepatitis was analyzed by seasonal index. The autoregressive integrated moving average model ( ARIMA ) was built to predict monthly incidence rate of viral hepatitis in 2020. @*Results@#The annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis was 62.00/100 000 in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019, showing a downward trend ( AAPC=8.4%, P<0.05 ). From 1998 to 2019, the annual incidence rates of hepatitis A, B, C and E were 1.98/100 000, 14.31/100 000, 2.30/100 000 and 2.60/100 000. The incidence of hepatitis A and B showed downward trends ( AAPC=-11.81%, -6.02%, both P<0.05 ); the incidence trend of hepatitis C was not obvious ( P>0.05 ); the incidence of hepatitis E showed an increasing trend ( AAPC=4.82%, P<0.05 ). From 2015 to 2019, the third and fourth quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis A, B and C, while the first and second quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis E. The ARIMA model predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis in 2020 would range from 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000, among which hepatitis B ranged from 1.21/100 000 to 2.58/100 000, hepatitis C from 0.20/100 000 to 0.48/100 000, hepatitis E from 0.09/100 000 to 0.25/100 000. @*Conclusions@#The incidence of viral hepatitis in Nanjing shows a downward trend. Among different types of hepatitis, hepatitis B has a higher incidence. All types of hepatitis have epidemic seasons. It is predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis will be 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000 in 2020.
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Objective:To analyze the long-term trend of viral hepatitis mortality in Jing’an District of Shanghai， and to provide a reference for viral hepatitis prevention and control. Methods:Mortality rate， standard mortality rate， PYLL and potential years of life lost rate （PYLL‰） of viral hepatitis in Jing’an district of Shanghai from 1976 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percent change （APC） of the mortality and PYLL‰ were analyzed by Joinpoint regression analysis. Results:From 1976 to 2015， there were 1 342 viral hepatitis death cases， including 832 males and 510 females. The average crude mortality rate was 8.31/100 000， and the average age-standardized mortality rate was 5.45/100 000. Among the deaths of viral hepatitis， men had a higher mortality rate， age-standardized mortality rate and PYLL% than women （χ2Pearson=107.34， 112.93， 39.15， all P<0.01）， men were mainly in the age group of 35-64 years （accounted for 62.62%）， while women were mainly in the age group of 65 years and above （accounted for 55.49 %）， and the average death age of men was earlier than that of women （by rank-sum test： Z=-8.879，P<0.01）. After 1990 （except in 2002）， hepatitis B was the main cause of deaths from viral hepatitis， accounting for 75.00%-100%， and the proportion of other and unclassified cases gradually decreased. Overall， the mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-2.0%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 2002. The mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly from 2002 to 2015 （APC=-8.1%，P<0.05）. The overall PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-3.7%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 1992. After 1992， the PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1992-2015 （APC=-6.5%，P<0.05）. Conclusion:There has been a significant decline trend of viral hepatitis in the mortality rate in Jing’an District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2015， with hepatitis B as the main cause of death.
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Objective@#To analyze the incidence trend and mean age at diagnosis for lung cancer in cancer registration areas of China from 2000 to 2014.@*Methods@#The data of lung cancer incidence used in this study were from 22 registries submitted to National Central Cancer Registry with continuous data during 2000 and 2014, covering about 621 593 469 person-years. All cancer cases were coded as C33-C34 according to the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10) were extracted for this analysis with about 343 663 patients. The incidence of different sex and regional population, the standardized incidence rate by Chinese population, the average annual change percentage (AAPC), the mean age and adjusted mean age of cancer incidence were calculated. The incidence of each year was described by regional and age groups, and the linear regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between mean age at onset and year.@*Results@#The crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of lung cancer for men in cancer registry areas in 2000 were 56.98 per 100 000 and 48.43 per 100 000, respectively. The rates were 89.51 per 100 000 and 46.85 per 100 000 in 2014, respectively. For women in the same areas, the rates were 27.77 per 100 000 and 20.17 per 100 000 in 2000; while 51.31 per 100 000 and 25.44 per 100 000 in 2014, respectively. The crude incidence rate increased along with the age. In 2000-2014, the trend of crude rate and ASR of lung cancer were significantly increased (CR: AAPC=3.8%, 95%CI: 3.5%-4.1%; ASR: AAPC=0.4%, 95%CI: 0.2%-0.7%). The rise of crude rate in females was higher than that in males (Male: AAPC=3.5%, 95%CI: 3.2%-3.7%; Female: AAPC=4.5%, 95%CI: 4.1%-5.0%). However, the rise of the ASR declined for both male and female (Male: AAPC=-0.2%, 95%CI:-0.4%-0.0%; Female: AAPC=1.4%, 95%CI: 1.0%-1.9%). The average age at diagnosis of lung cancer in rural areas was 64.35 years old in 2000, and increased to 65.97 years old in 2014 (β=0.11, P<0.001), while adjusted mean age at onset remained stable in all areas and urban areas (P>0.05). And the average age at onset increased significantly over time in male (β=-0.02, P=0.014), which was not seen in female (β=-0.01, P=0.522).@*Conclusion@#The crude incidence rate of lung cancer in cancer registry areas in China increased slowly during 2000-2014; and the standardized average age of male at diagnosis decreased slightly, while the age in rural areas increased during 2000-2014. Lung cancer will still be the focus of cancer prevention and control in the near future.
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Objective To analyze the incidence of lung cancer in Qidong , Jiangsu Province of China from 1993 to 2012 . Methods The clinical data of lung cancer from 1993 to 2012 for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong .The annual percent change ( APC) model was used to analyze the trend over time for the incidence of lung cancer .The SAS 9.4 software and the Joinpoint Regression Program 4.3.1.0 were used to implement data analyses . Results A total of 11 895 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed in Qidong , Jiangsu province from 1993 to 2012 .Among them , 8 629 were male cases and 3 266 were female cases and the median age for these patients was 68 .41 .The crude incidence rate for lung cancer for males was 90 .06/100 000 , which was significantly higher than that for females, i.e., 29.94/100 000(Poisson distribution test, P<0.01). The standardized incidence rate of lung cancer for male was 52 .92/100 000 , which was significantly higher than that for females, i.e.18.52/100 000(Poisson distribution test, P<0.01).The APC for the crude incidence rate for lung cancer was 6 .1 from 1993 to 2012 and the APC for the standardized incidence rate for lung cancer was 5 .5 . Conclusion The incidence of lung cancer increases in Qidong on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012, with the incidence thereof for males being significantly higher than that for females .
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Objective To analyze the incidence of colorectal cancer ( CRC) for patients with census registration in Qidong , Jiangsu Province . Methods The clinical data of CRC for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong , Jiangsu province .The incidence was standardized by utilizing the standard population age composition based on the nationwide census in 2000 .The annual percent change ( APC) model was used to analyze the trend over time for the incidence of CRC . Results A total of 4 648 new cases of CRC were diagnosed in Qidong from 1993 to 2012 , of which 2 328 were male cases and 2 320 were female cases .The crude incidence rate for CRC was 23 .00/100 000 and the APC for the standardized incidence rate for CRC was 14 .13/100 000 , with the incidence thereof for males significantly higher than that for females ( P<0.001).The incidence rate of CRC for seniors aged over 50 rose quickly .From 1993 to 2012 , the average annual increase rate of the incidence for CRC was 5 .1%and the average annual increase rate of the standardized incidence therefor was 5.0%in Qidong. Conclusion The incidence of CRC increases in Qidong on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012 , with the incidence thereof for males being significantly higher than that for females .
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Objective To analyze the incidence of gastric cancer in Qidong , Jiangsu Province from 1993 to 2012 and analyze the harmful levels and the clinical characteristics thereof , thus providing bases of implementing the prevention , research and control measures for gastric cancer . Methods The clinical data of gastric cancer from January 1993 to December 2012 for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong .The annual percent change ( APC) model was used to analyze the trend over time for the incidence of gastric cancer .The incidence was standardized by utilizing the standard population age composition based on the nationwide census in 2000 . Results A total of 8 272 new cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed in Qidong from 1993 to 2012, and the median age for these patients was 67.92(57.50-76.00).Among them, 5 269 were male cases and the median age for these male patients was 67.25(57.75-74.75);3 003 were female cases and the median age for these female patients was 69.16(57.00-77.91).The annual average for the crude incidence rate of gastric cancer was 40.37/100 000, and the standardized incidence rate thereof was 25.22.37/100 000.The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer decreased significantly from 1993 to 2002(for the crude incidence rate thereof , APC=-1.59, t=-4.6, P<0.01);the crude incidence rate of gastric cancer increased significantly from 2002 to 2007(for the crude incidence rate thereof , APC=-8.88, t=-5.3, P<0.01).Both the standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer and the crude incidence rate thereof had the same trend for the period from 1993 to 2002 as well as the period from 2002 to 2007.The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer rose with the growth of ages(for male patients, APC=734.8, t=-511.2, P<0.01; for female patients, APC=43.6, t=17.9, P<0.01).The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer reached a climax for both males and females of the age group between 75 and 80. Conclusion The incidence of gastric cancer was relatively high in Qidong from 1993 to 2012;the male and the old-aged groups are high-risk groups .
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Objective To analyze the incidence of gallbladder cancer in Qidong City from 1993 to 2012 . Methods The clinical data of gallbladder cancer from January 1993 to December 2012 for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong . Annual percent change ( APC ) models were applied to describe the annual percent changes of disease incidence and the standardized incidence trend over time.The incidence was standardized with the age structure of standard population from a national census taken in 2000 . Results A total of 493 new cases were diagnosed from 1993 to 2012 , occupying 0 .81%of new-onset malignant tumors for the same period . The crude incidence rate of gallbladder cancer was 2 .41/100 000 population and the standardized incidence thereof was 1 .42/100 000 population .Both the crude incidence and the standardized incidence thereof increased on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012 ( APC=12 .83; APC =12 .04 ) while the annual crude incidence thereof for females increased faster than that for males ( APC=14 .51; APC=10 .60 ) . Old people aged 65 years and above were a high-risk group for gallbladder cancer , occupying 63 .49%of the incidence thereof for all ages . Conclusion The incidence of gallbladder cancer increases in Qidong , Jiangsu province of China on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012 , with the incidence thereof for females increasing faster than that for males .