Use of Thread-hanging Microwave Antenna to Assist in Precise Puncture of Lung Nodule and Influencing Factors / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore a precise method with a microwave antenna for puncture of pulmonary nodules and analyze phenomena that affect the puncture results. Methods Clinical data of 107 cases with solitary malignant pulmonary nodules were collected, and the mean length of pulmonary nodules was 13.6±0.6 mm in CT axial position. A thread-hanging method was used to assist the puncture of pulmonary nodules. The procedure was successful when the needle was not withdrawn and inserted into the central region of the nodule. The success rate and complications of the pulmonary procedure were recorded. The incidence of the following phenomena were also documented: needle coercing, needle slipping, needle tip pushing, pulmonary nodule prolapsing, radial nodule deformation, nodular masking, and radial movement distance of needle tip. Results In all of 107 cases evaluated, the antenna puncture was successful in 101 cases (94.4%) but failed in 6 cases (5.6%). Pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 23 (21.5%) and 19 cases (17.8%), respectively. The following phenomena occurred: needle coercing in 9 cases (8.4%), needle slipping in 6 cases (5.6%), needle tip pushing in 19 cases (17.8%), pulmonary nodule prolapsing in 15 cases (14%), radial nodule deformation in 14 cases (13.1%), and nodular masking in 5 cases (4.7%). The mean radial adjusting distance of needle tip was 0.7±0.4 cm. Conclusion The thread-hanging method can assist in the accurate puncture of microwave antenna for pulmonary nodules. We should focus and deal with phenomena that may occur and affect the result of puncture.

Research progress in antenna technology for microwave imaging of stroke / 国际生物医学工程杂志

The diagnostic technology of acute stroke by microwave imaging has the advantages of being non-ionizing, fast, small, and low-cost. Therefore, this technology is expected to become an auxiliary or alternative means to CT and MRI technology. As the signal transmitting and receiving device of the microwave imaging system, the antenna has an important influence on the performance of the imaging system. At present, there are many antennas with different performances used in imaging systems, but there is a lack of clear evaluation criteria for them. In this paper, several typical antennas were introduced, their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of bandwidth and near-field were analyzed, and the common requirements of imaging systems for antennas and the performance indicators of various types of imaging systems were summarized. Moreover, the development trend of antenna technology for microwave imaging was pointed out to provide a reference for the study of stroke microwave imaging technology.

DUROID SUBSTRATE MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN FOR WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY

Wireless network is the fast-growing technology. The world is moving towards the wireless technology and it is used each and everywhere. Wireless network is used in many ways and one of the applications is medical application. In wireless technology, Antennas play an important role in data transmission. Antennas are electronic eyes and ears of humans in the modern world. There are many applications of antenna in medical field. One of the applications is data transmission in wireless capsule endoscopy. Wireless capsule endoscopy is the advancement of wired endoscopy. Wireless capsule endoscopy is used to diagnose the problems in the gastro intestinal tract, stomach and intestines which cannot be identified from outer observation or through x-rays or any other tests. The doctors watch the travel of capsule in the display and diagnose the problems which will be easier for the treatment. The types of antennas in medical field are Ingestible antennas, On body wearable Antennas, Implantable antennas, Antenna for MRI, Microwave Imaging, Thermal Ablation. For wireless data transmission in wireless capsule endoscopy, Microstrip patch (MSP) antenna is designed using Duroid as substrate in the frequency of 2.45 GHz with efficiency of 88% and gain of 4.86 dB. Microstrip patch antenna is selected as it is smaller in size which is most important characteristic of capsule endoscopy. In MSP antenna, copper is used for ground and patch, Duroid is used as the dielectric medium for the substrate as it gives higher efficiency, higher gain and higher directivity.

Value of multi-glycan in the auxiliary diagnosis of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of multi-glycan in serum of patients with dual-phenotype hepatocellular (DPHCC) and its clinical significance. Methods Serum samples were collected from 65 patients with DPHCC, 80 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 120 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who were treated in Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2019 to December 2020. DNA sequencer-aided fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis was used to measure the expression of N-glycan in serum, The measurement data of normal distribution were compared by t -test between the two groups and analysis of variance between multiple groups; The measurement data with non normal distribution were compared by Mann-Whitney U test between the two groups and Kruskal-Wallis H test between multiple groups, the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The logistic regression method was used to establish the common index model. The efficacy of AFP, PIVKA - Ⅱ, CEA, CA19-9 and multi glycan in the diagnosis of DPHCC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was compared by Z test. Results There was a significant difference in multi-glycan between the DPHCC group and the HCC group ( P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences in AFP, PIVKA-Ⅱ, CEA, CA19-9, and SUM between the two groups ( P =0.924, 0.084, 0.442, 0.924, and 0.206). Multi-glycan had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.775, which was significantly higher than that of AFP (0.507), PIVKA-Ⅱ (0.584), CEA (0.537), CA19-9 (0.505), and SUM (0.561), and multi-glycan had a sensitivity of 69.23%, which was increased compared with the other 5 items. There were significant differences in multi-glycan, AFP, PIVKA-Ⅱ, CA19-9, and SUM between the DPHCC group and the LC group (all P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in CEA between the two groups ( P =0.14). Multi-glycan had an AUC of 0.780, which was also higher than that of AFP (0.767), PIVKA-Ⅱ (0.743), CEA (0.566), CA19-9 (0.689), and SUM (0.713), and multi-glycan had a sensitivity of 89.23%, which was increased compared with the other five items. Conclusion Multi-glycan can be used as one of the indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of DPHCC.

Thermal field study of ceramic slot microwave ablation antenna based on specific absorption rate distribution function

Objective: The objective was to investigate the law of three-dimensional thermal field radiation of ceramic slot microwave (CSMW) ablation antenna. Materials and Methods: First, microwave ablation experiments were performed with phantom and temperature data were collected. Second, the specific absorption rate distribution function of microwave (MW) ablation antenna was fit. Third, the MW ablation thermal field morphology was simulated based on the rapid simulation method. In addition, to determine the thermal field simulation accuracy, comparative analysis on the ablation morphology of forty clinical patients with liver cancer receiving percutaneous treatment was conducted. Results: Regarding the ablation morphology, the CSMW ablation antenna had greater long and transverse diameters and ablation volume than the polytetrafluoroethylene slot microwave (PSMW) ablation antenna (P < 0.05). Compared with the actual ablation morphology in clinical practice, the error rate in long and transverse diameters of the simulated morphology of thermal field was up to 5% and the minimum was 1.2%, whereas the maximum volume error rate was up to 9.8%. Conclusion: The CSMW ablation antenna had a greater long diameter, transverse diameter, and volume regarding the ablation morphology than the PSMW ablation antenna, and the thermal field morphology obtained based on the rapid simulation algorithm had a high accuracy

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Abstract Insects have several types of sensilla, the characterization of which has been fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of sensory perception in different species. This study aimed to describe the ultrastructure of the sensilla present on the antennae of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), an important pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops, as well as their possible variation between sexes. To do this, the antennae of males and females of A. argillacea were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Sensilla morphometry was assessed using photomicrographs, from which the lengths and basal and apical diameters of sensilla were measured using the ImageJ program. Seven types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of A. argillacea: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla Böhm bristles. Differences between the sensilla of males and females were found in their lengths and basal diameters in the distal and proximal regions. This suggests that sensilla functionality may not only vary from one species to another, but also between sexes within the same species. Thus, further transmission electron microscopy and single sensillum recording studies may provide more detailed information on the sensilla of A. argillacea and their functions.

Surface Ultrastructure of Antenna and Distribution of Sensilla in the Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr) (Fabricus) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)

Ants have a well-developed pair of antenna with sensory system used in chemical communication for sociallives. The antennae comprise of two parts scape and funiculus. Funiculus contains single segmented pediceland ten segmented flagellum. The surface micro-morphology of the antennal sensilla of Leptogenys chinensisworker showsthe presence of various types ofsensilla viz.sensilla trichodea, sensilla trichodea curvata,sensillabasiconica,sensilla coeloconica,sensilla chaetica,sensilla coelocapitular. Sensilla trichodea is distributed on allparts of the antenna. Sensilla trichodea curvata type III is typically present on flagellar segments only. Sensillabasiconica with arrowhead present on scape ball is slightly different than the sensilla basiconica with roundedhead present on the flagellar tip. Sensilla coelocapitularis observed only on the flagellar tip. On the joint ofscapeball and pedicilar shaft, three types of sensilla trichodea are present on the ball ridge while sensilla basiconicadistributed on the dorso-lateral margin of the ball..

Ultrastructure observations on antennal sensilla of Heortia vitessoides the most serious pest of Aquilaria sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Heortia vitessoides is the most serious pest of Aquilaria sinensis,which is an economically important evergreen tree native to China and is the principal source of Chinese agarwood. In severe infestations,the insects completely eat up the leaves of A. sinensis,causing severe economic losses. In a more recent study,we found that the antennal sensilla of adult play important roles in the host location,mating and oviposition of H. vitessoides. Here,the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of H. vitessoides were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that the antennae of both sexes of H. vitessoides were filiform in shape,which consist of the scape,pedicel and about 64 segments of flagellomeres. Eight morphological sensilla types were recorded in both sexes,including sensilla trichodea,sensilla chaetica,sensilla basiconica,sensilla coeloconica,sensilla styloconica,sensilla auricillica,sensilla squamiformia and böhm bristle. Major differences were recorded in the distribution and quantity of different sensilla types in each segment of antenna. The sensillas are almost confined to the ventral and lateral surfaces rather than the back side of antennae. Antennal flagella contained the most sensilla while the scape and pedicel segments only contained böhm bristles and sensilla squamiformias. Sensilla trichodea Ⅲ were only found on male antennae. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the sensilla types in the host location,mating and oviposition selection behavior of H. vitessoides.

Typology and distribution of antennal sensory organs of adults Haematobia irritans of the Midwest Region of Brazil / Tipologia e distribuição de órgãos sensilares de Haematobia irritans adultas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Considering the great economic and sanitarian importance of Haematobia irritans − the development of resistance of this species to the main chemical insecticides used in its control, in several other localities of the world; as well as that different strains of the same species frequently present different types and distribution patterns −, the present aim study was to investigate the typology and distribution of different types of sensillae of H. irritans adults, from populations of this fly present in Brazilian Midwest, with emphasis on olfactory sensillae. This study provides new data on the typology and sensillary distribution of antennal sensilla of this fly. In the antennal segments were found non-innervated spinules and ten subtypes of sensilla: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla − single-tip and double-tip subtypes −, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, and smaller basiconic sensillum. A slight sexual dimorphism was observed in the antennal sensillae of H. irritans. These results provide a morphological basis for future investigations on olfactory-mediated behavior of this species, and could assist future studies for the development of alternative measures to the monitoring and control of this fly populations, with less environmental impact.(AU)

Considerando a grande importância econômica e sanitária de Haematobia irritans, o desenvolvimento de resistência desta espécie aos principais inseticidas químicos utilizados em seu controle, em diversas outras localidades do mundo, bem como que diferentes cepas de uma mesma espécie frequentemente apresentam diferentes tipos e padrões de distribuição sensilares, objetivou-se no presente trabalho investigar a tipologia e a distribuição dos diferentes tipos e subtipos sensilares de adulttos de H. irritans, oriunda de populações desta mosca presentes no centro-oeste brasileiro, com ênfase nas sensilas olfatórias. Este estudo apresenta novos dados sobre a tipologia e distribuição sensilar da antenna desta mosca. Em seus segmentos antenais foram observados pilosidades não enervadas e dez subtipos de sensilas, sendo: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla - single-tip and double-tip subtypes -, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, e smaller basiconic sensillum. Leve dimorfismo sexual foi observado em relação às sensilas antenais de H. irritans. Estes resultados fornecem uma base morfológica para futuras investigações sobre o comportamento mediado pelo olfato desta espécie, e poderão fomentar futuros estudos para desenvolvimento de medidas alternativas de monitoramento e controle de populações dessa mosca, com menor impacto.(AU)

A feasibility study in 3.0 T MR imaging using an improved intravascular coil / 中华放射学杂志

Objective The study was to investigate the feasibility of using an intravascular Loopless Monopole Antenna (ILMA) for 3.0 T MR imaging of water bath and deep-seated arterial walls of experimental animal.Methods A novel intravascular loopless monopole antenna (ILMA) was developed,including a non-shield loach guide-wire and a matching circuit.The non-shield loach guide-wire is used as a receive antenna,with the diameter of 0.019 in( 1 in =2.54 cm) and length of 23.11 in.During the MR scanning,the ILMA was used as a receive-only probe,while body coil was used to transmit the RF pulses.Utilizing the coil in water bath and in-vivo animal experiment,we measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of artery wall using the same scanning parameter compared with phased-array coil.Results In the study,the developed novel ILMA conduced to improved SNR of imaging and much higher space resolution( 313 μm).First,the feasibility of acquiring the wall images was demonstrated on phantoms.The SNRs map generated by the matlab software showed that in comparison with the phased-array coil,ILMA generated higher SNR of the phantom wall when using the same sequences,parameters,and slices (86.8 ±0.8 vs.9.9 ±0.1,P ＜0.01 ).When imaging the aorta wall with the ILMA and phased-array coil,the SNRs of the arterial wall with the ILMA is 60.4 ±20.9,61.3 ±22.5,59.8 ±20.4,32.3 ±22.6 (T1WI),51.2 ±21.6,49.8 ± 15.5,50.4 ± 17.2,22.4 ± 18.3 (T2WI),the CNRs of the aorta wall with theILMA is 19.8±8.1,18.9±9.2,19.6±11.8,20.7 ± 13.3(T1WI),17.7±6.4,18.6±6.9,17.2 ± 6.4,17.2 ± 6.4 ( T2 WI),compared with phased-array coil,t values SNR:6.36,3.84,3.51,6.92(T1 WI),3.47,4.89,6.35,4.21 (T2WI),CNR:3.56,3.97,-0.71,4.74 (T1WI),3.99,3.01,4.27,5.03(T2 WI,P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.Conclusion The study demonstrates the capability of using an MR ILMA to generate 3.0 T MR in-vivo experiments,the developed novel ILMA conduces to increased SNR compared with the conventional phased-array coil.

Description of the cave organ in three species of the genus Belminus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) by optical and scanning electron microscopy

The cave organ is a sensory receptor in the antenna pedicel of some Reduviidae. This paper describes this organ for the first time in three species of the genus Belminus, Belminus corredori, Belminus ferroae and Belminus herreri, by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The structures presented a general pattern similar to one reported for other species of Triatominae.

Sexual dimorphism in antennal receptors of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae)

The external morphology of sensilla on the antennae of males and females of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard is described using scanning electron microscopy. Sexual dimorphism in body and antennal dimensions and in antennal receptor types was found. The female's body is slightly larger than the male's, although male antennal lamellae are longer than in females. Sixteen types of sensilla were identified on the proximal and distal surfaces of lamellae from both sexes, most of them in males: three types of placodea sensilla, four types of auricilica sensilla, five types of basiconica sensilla, and four types of coeloconica sensilla. Also, two types of mechanoreceptor sensilla were present on the lamellae periphery. Furthermore, males had larger placodea, auricilica and some types of basiconica sensilla.

Time Resolution Improvement of MRI Temperature Monitoring Using Keyhole Method

PURPOSE: This study proposes the keyhole method in order to improve the time resolution of the proton resonance frequency(PRF) MR temperature monitoring technique. The values of Root Mean Square (RMS) error of measured temperature value and Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) obtained from the keyhole and full phase encoded temperature images were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PRF method combined with GRE sequence was used to get MR temperature images using a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. It was conducted on the tissue-mimic 2% agarose gel phantom and swine's hock tissue. A MR compatible coaxial slot antenna driven by microwave power generator at 2.45GHz was used to heat the object in the magnetic bore for 5 minutes followed by a sequential acquisition of MR raw data during 10 minutes of cooling period. The acquired raw data were transferred to PC after then the keyhole images were reconstructed by taking the central part of K-space data with 128, 64, 32 and 16 phase encoding lines while the remaining peripheral parts were taken from the 1st reference raw data. The RMS errors were compared with the 256 full encoded self-reference temperature image while the SNR values were compared with the zero filling images. RESULTS: As phase encoding number at the center part on the keyhole temperature images decreased to 128, 64, 32 and 16, the RMS errors of the measured temperature increased to 0.538, 0.712, 0.768 and 0.845degrees C, meanwhile SNR values were maintained as the phase encoding number of keyhole part is reduced. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the keyhole technique is successfully applied to temperature monitoring procedure to increases the temporal resolution by standardizing the matrix size, thus maintained the SNR values. In future, it is expected to implement the MR real time thermal imaging using keyhole method which is able to reduce the scan time with minimal thermal variations.

Impact of channel estimation error on channel capacity of multiple input multiple output system / 药物分析学报

In order to investigate the impact of channel estimation error on channel capacity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, a novel method is proposed to explore the channel capacity in correlated Rayleigh fading environment. A system model is constructed based on the channel estimation error at receiver side. Using the properties of Wishart distribution, the lower bound of the channel capacity is derived when the MIMO channel is of full rank. Then a method is proposed to select the optimum set of transmit antennas based on the lower bound of the mean channel capacity. The novel method can be easily implemented with low computational complexity. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of MIMO system is sensitive to channel estimation error, and is maximized when the signal-to-noise ratio increases to a certain point. Proper selection of transmit antennas can increase the channel capacity of MIMO system by about 1 bit/s in a flat fading environment with deficient rank of channel matrix.

Design of Chock-vault Antenna for Injurious Interventional Thermotherapy / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To design a chock-vault antenna for injurious interventional thermotherapy and to evaluate antenna performance change when structure parameters of the antenna are adjusted. Methods Finite element method was used to simulate the distributions of the reflection coefficient and the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the chock-vault antenna of different structure parameters for microwave thermotherapy human muscle tissue model when it worked at 2 450 MHz. The chock-vault antenna for injurious interventional thermotherapy had been optimized. Results This antenna was made.And the reflection coefficient and SAR were measured with human muscle tissue model experiment. The simulation results were validated. Conclusion The SAR distribution of the improved choke-vault antenna does not depend on depth of the insertion tissue. The reflection coefficient can be reduced greatly. The top energy distribution is reasonable.

Study of environmental interference restrain technology by twin-antenna in life detecting / 医疗卫生装备

This article refers to constructing process of non-contact life parameter detecting system by twin-antenna. The technology above proves feasible through pilot study of restraining environmental interference by donkey antenna. A new method for solving the problem of environmental interference of non-contact life parameter detecting system is also presented.

Design of RFID Reader Antenna for Multi-Drawer Intelligent Medicine-Chest / 医疗卫生装备

Objective In order to increase the operation coverage of high-frequency (HF) RFID reader without increasing the power output, a novel RFID antenna for multi-drawer intelligent medicine-chest are proposed. Using this antenna, the RFID tags on medicine can be read effectively. Methods Several small antenna coils can be combined in series or parallel connection to make a more efficient RFID reader antenna. The use of small coil will be helpful to eliminate the blind spot of RFID reader with large coil antenna. Results The medicine-chest's size is 58 cm?50 cm?62 cm3, which includes two or three layers. We design four combined small antenna coils to cover the drawer. The test result shows that the antenna read region is about 54 cm?48 cm?30 cm, all RFID tags in the medicine-chest drawer bottom and most RFID tags in the drawer top can be read. Conclusion The multi-drawer coil antenna designed can effectively recognize the RFID tags in medicine-chest. It has a wide application prospect.

A UWB Probe for Early Breast Tumor Detection / 医疗卫生装备

Objective Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging is one of the promising alternatives for breast tumor detection, which can provide the desired high resolution and high sensitivity. Methods For UWB microwave early breast tumor detection, a UWB antenna with small size and compact structure is generally desired. To meet the demands of UWB microwave imaging and detection, a novel compact UWB probe is developed and tested. The probe is a combination of an exponentially-flared TEM horn and a pyramidal back-cavity, where the pyramidal back-cavity is employed to block back and side radiation. To increase the operation bandwidth, a low-frequency compensation loop loaded with resistors and a dielectric material block at the throat of TEM horn are added to the probe. Results The compact probe is fabricated and tested by vector network analyzer E8362B, and the results demonstrate an operation frequency band ranging from 1.36GHz to 20GHz for return loss under -10dB. Conclusion The probe can meet the needs of UWB microwave imaging for the early breast tumor detection.

The “Antenna” Procedure for the “Hook-nail” Deformity: A report of 2 cases / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The hook-nail deformity after finger tip amputation is very common problem. This usually occurs after loss of part of the distal pulp, phalanx, and nail bed. This deformity for some patients is a trivial lesion and may be ignored, but it may be of great cosmetic significance or disabling with regard to certain occupations to the others. To correct the deformity, it is necessary to release volarly displaced nailbed, return it to its normal position, and provide adequate support to maintain correction by a carefully planned "antenna" procedure. Deformed nail is removed, tethered pulp is freed from distal phalanx, and then full thickness of the nail bed is elevated and splinted with multiple small Kirschner wires in a straight position like antennae. The coverage of defect created is done by cross finger flap. The knowledge of anatomy and physiology of nail and sorrunding structures is important to obtain good results and reduce secondary deformities. Two cases of antenna procedures for the hook nail deformily is reported with good results.

Design and Thermal Distribution of Microwave Spiral Antenna / 대한치료방사선과학회지

Spiral microwave antennas have been developed and measure the thermal distribution in agar phantom. The design has been configured in three types, 3cm f applicator with 24.5cm length (A type), 4cm f with 12.2cm (B type) and 6cm f with 24.5cm length (C type). The relative specific absorption rate (SAR) measured in phantom have been used to estimate the depth and profile of effective heating. The applicator of copper antenna with 4cm f diameter and 12.2cm length (B type) has the most homogeneous (FWHM=3.5cm) and heating into deep with (Deff=4cm).