Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 6 de 6
Filter
Add filters








Year range
1.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 45(1): 223-236, jan./jun. 2024. ilus; tab.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554861

ABSTRACT

Urban growth and human impacts on the environment have forced animals to adjust to habitat fragmentation and reduced home ranges. Capuchin monkeys are known for their great social and behavioral flexibility, occupying even highly urbanized environments in a way that the time budget of this primate in synanthropic situation may be affected by the area they inhabit. This study aims to analyze the activity budget of a group of Sapajus nigritus living in an anthropized area, 1) comparing the behavioral frequencies in urbanized areas and forest fragments; 2) comparing behavioral frequencies in different sex-age classes. During the study, the number of individuals ranged from 35 to 40 individuals identified based on sex-age classes. Behavioral data were collected using the instantaneous scan sampling method, for two minutes with eight-minute intervals. We obtained 319 scans over 28 days, distributed between November 2021 and June 2022, with eight hours per day. We compared the behaviors different areas and between sex-age classes using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. Overall, the group performed a higher frequency of traveling (21.22%), followed by foraging (18.07%), feeding (16.57%) and vigilance (15.61%). The frequency of behaviors varied between areas, with vigilance, social, resting, interaction with humans and self-activity more frequent in urbanized areas compared to forest fragments. We also found variation between the sex-age classes, primarily with juveniles foraging more and adults performing more vigilance. The differences in the behaviors performed by the group express the behavioral flexibility of S. nigritus, adapting its activity pattern according to the area occupied.


O crescimento urbano e os impactos humanos no ambiente forçaram os animais a se adaptarem à fragmentação de hábitat e à redução da área de vida. Os macacos-prego são conhecidos por sua flexibilidade social e comportamental, ocupando até mesmo ambientes altamente urbanizados, sendo que seu padrão de atividades pode ser afetado pela área que habitam. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o padrão de atividades de um grupo de Sapajus nigritus vivendo em área antropizada, com base em: 1) comparação das frequências comportamentais em áreas urbanizadas e fragmentos florestais; e 2) comparação das frequências comportamentais em diferentes classes sexo-etárias. Durante o estudo, o número de indivíduos variou entre 35 e 40 indivíduos, identificados a partir de classes sexo-etárias. Os dados comportamentais foram coletados pelo método scan sampling, durante dois minutos com intervalo de oito minutos. Foram obtidos 319 scans ao longo de 28 dias (entre novembro de 2021 e junho de 2022), por oito horas diárias. Comparamos os comportamentos em diferentes áreas e entre classes sexo-etárias através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Em geral, o grupo apresentou frequência maior de deslocamento (21,22%), seguido de forrageio (18,07%), alimentação (16,57%) e vigilância (15,61%). A frequência dos comportamentos variou entre áreas (vigilância, social, descanso, interação com humanos e autoatividade foram mais frequentes em áreas urbanizadas) e classes sexo--etárias (principalmente com os juvenis forrageando mais e os adultos realizando mais vigilância). As diferenças nos comportamentos realizados pelo grupo expressam a flexibilidade comportamental de S. nigritus, adaptando seu padrão de atividade conforme a área ocupada.


Subject(s)
Animals
2.
Rev. luna azul ; (44): 80-93, ene.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902045

ABSTRACT

Teniendo en cuenta que los ecosistemas de alta montaña no son ajenos al establecimiento de actividades antrópicas, el objetivo de la investigación fue estimar el nivel de antropización en un sistema lagunar de páramo ubicado en el Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, mediante la adaptación del Índice Integrado Relativo de Antropización (INRA). Para ello se seleccionó una ventana de estudio de 6x5Km² dentro del sistema lagunar a través de herramientas SIG, la cual se dividió en Unidades de Análisis (UA) de 0.5Km², cada UA contenía a su vez Subunidades de Análisis (SUA) de 0.1Km² donde se poligonizó las diferentes coberturas de suelo (naturales y antropizadas) encontradas en el ecosistema y a las que se les asignó un valor de 0 a 1, de acuerdo a la escala del índice. Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación del INRA, destacaron que la categoría de evaluación más frecuente fue la Coberturas sin intervención antrópica denominada A (69,51%), seguido de la categoría Bosques sin intervención antrópica denominada B (17,29%). La categoría relacionada con Zonas de pastoreo libre, fue la más baja (0,97%); mientras que las categorías Bosques con intervención antrópica (Quema y Pastoreo) e Infraestructura presentaron valores de 4,17% y 8,02%, respectivamente. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el sistema lagunar presenta un bajo nivel de antropización lo que evidencia que las actividades antrópicas en la zona no generan un impacto marcado para este ecosistema, debido a la poca frecuencia y magnitud de estas actividades, lo que favorece que el ecosistema mantenga estables sus funciones y dinámica.


Given the high mountain ecosystems are no strangers to the establishment of anthropic activities, the objective of the research was to estimate the level of anthropization in a wasteland lagoon system located in the Puracé National and Natural Park, by adapting the Relative Integrated Anthropization Index (INRA). To this end, a study window of 6x5Km² within the lagoon system was selected through GIS tools, which was divided in Units of Analysis (UA, from the Spanish acronym) of 0.5Km², each UA contains Subunits of Analysis (SUA, from the Spanish acronym) of 0.1Km² where different land cover (natural and anthropic) found in the ecosystem were polygonized and assigned a value of 0 to 1, according to the index scale. The results obtained with the application of RIAI, emphasized that the most frequent assessment category was the Cover without human intervention called A (69.51%), followed by the category Forests without human intervention called B (17.29%). The category related to free grazing Zones was the lowest (0.97%) while the Forests categories with anthropic intervention (Burning and grazing) and Infrastructure presented values of 4.17% and 8.02%, respectively. These results suggest that the lagoon system has a low level of anthropization which evidences that anthropic activities in the area do not generate a strong impact on the ecosystem due to their low frequency and magnitude, thus making possible to keep stable the ecosystem functions and dynamics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Index , Ecosystem , Anthropic Erosion , Climate
3.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 17(1): e20160230, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038839

ABSTRACT

Abstract In this work we report on the presence of morphological deformities in Corydoras aff. longipinnis from two reservoirs in Paraná State, Brazil. The frequency of deformities in the fish populations was 11% in Iraí and 10.5% in Capivari reservoirs. Considering that the frequency may be associated with impacts caused by anthropic activities, this information can be used as a metric in management systems and environmental monitoring.


Resumo Neste trabalho relatamos a presença de deformidades morfológicas em Corydoras aff. longipinnis de dois reservatórios no estado do Paraná, Brasil. A frequência das deformidades observadas nas populações analisadas foi de 11% no reservatório de Iraí e 10,5% no reservatório de Capivari. Considerando que a frequência pode ser associada a impactos causados por atividades antrópicas, essa informação pode ser usada como uma métrica em sistemas de gestão e monitoramento ambiental.

4.
Acta amaz ; 46(3): 247-258, 2016. map, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455313

ABSTRACT

The coastal dunes have been identified as one of the most degraded environments. On the Brazilian coast, they threat the "restinga" vegetation. The objective of this study was to describe the phytosociological structure of the herb layer of dune vegetation and assess the conservation status of the area on the Maranhão coast. The study was conducted at São Marcos Beach located in the northern portion of the Maranhão Island. For the phytosociological sampling, we used the plot's method (50 plots of 1 m2), and analyzed the traditional phytosociological parameters of vegetation. Also, there were determined the life forms, phytogeographic distribution and conservation status of vegetation community on site. In the sample of 50 m² we found 35 species from which Paspalum maritimum, Paspalum ligulare, Cassytha filiformis, Chamaecrista hispidula and Euploca polyphylla showed the highest importance value. When calculated for the cover values, the Shannon diversity index (H') was 1.69 nats m-² and it was 3.04 nats m-² when calculated for the frequency values. The area showed predominance of chamaephytes and therophytes indicating an adaptive strategy of vegetation to withstand adverse weather conditions. The sampled ecosystem presented widely distributed species in the Brazilian biomes, being absent endemism. There were identified 14 impacts factors of which five hit more severely the restinga vegetation of the São Marcos Beach. Therefore, more studies are needed with a focus on conservation of dune ecosystems to prevent damage compromising the plant diversity of these areas.


As dunas costeiras têm sido apontadas como um dos ambientes mais deteriorados do litoral brasileiro ameaçando assim a vegetação de restinga. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a fitossociologia do estrato herbáceo da vegetação de dunas e avaliar o status de conservação da área no litoral maranhense. O estudo foi realizado na Praia de São Marcos, localizada na porção norte da Ilha do Maranhão. Para a amostragem fitossociológica foi utilizado o método de parcelas (50 parcelas de 1 m2), sendo analisados os parâmetros fitossociológicos tradicionais em vegetação. Também foram determinadas as formas de vida, distribuição fitogeográfica e status de conservação da comunidade vegetal. Nos 50 m² foram amostradas 35 espécies das quais Paspalum maritimum, Paspalum ligulare, Cassytha filiformis, Chamaecrista hispidula e Euploca polyphylla obtiveram os maiores VI's. O índice de diversidade de Shannon, quando calculado com valores de cobertura, resultou em H' =1,69 nats m-² e quando calculado com valores de frequência, foi de H' =3,04 nats m-². A área exibiu predominância de caméfitos e terófitos, indicando que essas formas de vida são uma estratégia adaptativa das espécies que ocorrem nesse tipo de vegetação para resistir as condições climáticas adversas. O ecossistema amostrado apresentou espécies de ampla distribuição nos biomas brasileiros, sendo ausentes endemismos. Foram identificados 14 fatores de impactos, dos quais cinco atingem com mais gravidade a vegetação de restinga. Portanto, são necessários mais estudos com foco na conservação dos ecossistemas de dunas, a fim de evitar danos que comprometam a diversidade vegetal dessas áreas.


Subject(s)
Sand , Conservation of Natural Resources , Coasts/analysis , Ecosystem
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(3): 673-682, jul.-sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778076

ABSTRACT

The successful distribution of A. melliferais due to their ability to adjust to seasonal variations, considerable control over their internal physical environment and exploration of different resources. However, their populations have experienced different forms and levels of environmental pressure. This research aimed to verify the phenotypic plasticity in both size and shape of wings in A. melliferausing fluctuating asymmetry, based on geometric morphometrics from apiaries located in sites with high and low levels of anthropization. We sampled 16 locations throughout all five geographic regions of Brazil. At each site, samples were collected from 20 beehives installed in apiaries: 10 installed near high anthropogenic environments (Cassilàndia - MS, Fortaleza - CE, Maringá - PR, Aquidauana - MS, Rolim de Moura - RO, Riachuelo - SE, Ubirata - PR and Piracicaba - SP), and 10 in sites with low levels of human disturbance (Cassilàndia - MS, Itapiúna CE, Uniao da Vitoria - PR, Aquidauana - MS, Rolim de Moura - RO, Pacatuba - SE, Erval Seco - RS, Rio Claro - SP). A sample of 10 individuals was taken in each hive, totaling 200 per location, for a total of 1 600 individuals. We used fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in size and shape of the forewing through geometric morphometrics. The FA analysis was conducted in order to check bilateral differences. The indexes of size and shape were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), where the characters evaluated were used as factors to verify the size and shape differences. The results indicated an asymmetry on the shape of the wing (P < 0.001) but no asymmetry was observed on wing size. Considering FA as an environmental response and high and low impacted areas as a fixed factor, we observed significant differences (P < 0.05). The results for the wing shape in A. melliferademonstrated that this feature undergoes more variation during ontogeny compared to the variation in size. We concluded that bee samples collected from colonies with higher levels of human disturbance had higher wing-shape asymmetry; the variation of fluctuating asymmetry in the wing shape of honeybees can be used as an indicator of the degree of environmental anthropization.


La distribución exitosa de A. melliferase debe a su capacidad para adaptarse a las variaciones estacionales, controlar considerablemente su ambiente físico interno y por la exploración de recursos. Sin embargo, sus poblaciones experimentan diferentes formas y niveles de presión ambiental. Esta investigación evaluó colmenares, ubicadas en entornos con distintos niveles de antropización. Ambientes considerados altamente antropogénicos fueron escogidos: áreas urbanas, agrícolas con aplicaciones de insecticidas, y las industrias con grandes áreas (regiones con altos índices de contaminación). Por otra parte, los entornos considerados con bajos niveles de perturbación humana fueron elegidos: áreas de preservación permanente de los bosques restantes (Mata Atlántica, Planalto, Cerrado), áreas ribereñas o reservas ecológicas. Se muestrearon 16 localidades que abarcan las cinco regiones del Brasil. Estamos utilizando la asimetría fluctuante desde el tamaño y la forma del ala anterior por técnicas de morfometría geométrica. En cada sitio, las muestras se obtuvieron de las 20 colmenas instaladas en los colmenares: 10 instalados cerca de entornos altamente antropogénicos (Cassilándia - MS, Fortaleza - CE, Maringá - PR, Aquidauana - MS, Rolim de Moura - RO, Riachuelo - SE, Ubirata - PR y Piracicaba - SP) y 10 en sitios de bajo nivel de perturbación humana (Cassilándia - MS, ItapiúnaCE, Uniao da Vitória - PR, Aquidauana - MS, Rolim de Moura - RO, Pacatuba- SE, Erval Seco - RS, Rio Claro - SP). Los índices de tamaño y forma fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza (ANOVA), donde se utilizaron los caracteres evaluados como factores, para verificar las diferencias de tamaño y forma. La asimetría de análisis fluctuante (AF) se llevó a cabo con el fin de comprobar las diferencias bilaterales. Los resultados indican la existencia de la asimetría de la forma del ala (P < 0.001), pero no se observó asimetría del tamaño del ala. Considerando AF como respuesta ambiental y áreas de alto y bajo grado de alteración humana como factor fijo, observamos diferencias significativas (P < 0.05). Los resultados, para la forma de ala de la A. mellifera,muestran que esta característica se somete a más variación durante la ontogenia en comparación con la variación en el tamaño. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las colonias de abejas recogidas en ambientes con niveles más altos de la perturbación humana tienen una mayor asimetría en forma de ala, por lo que la asimetría fluctuante en forma de alas de las abejas puede ser utilizada como un indicador del grado de antropización del medio ambiente.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Bees/anatomy & histology , Environment , Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Bees/classification , Bees/physiology , Genotype , Phenotype
6.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2010 Jan-Mar; 53(1): 87-92
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-141597

ABSTRACT

The protease activity of different isolates of dermatophytes representing different ecological groups namely geophilic, zoopahilic and anthropophilic, in their vegetative and sporulation growth phases were compared. Unlike their geophilic and zoophilic counterparts, all the isolates of anthropophilic dermatophytes viz. Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum and Epidermophyton floccosum recorded reduced protease activity during artificially induced sporulation phase in comparison to their vegetative growth phase. Even among the anthropophilic group, a classical moderation of protease activity was recorded in Trichyphyton rubrum which also correlates to its clinical manifestation. This enzyme moderation could also be an evolutionary adaptation of the anthropization of these species.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL