O consumo de produto à base de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) aumenta glucagon-like peptide-1 e diminui o peso corporal de ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas / Yacon-based product consumption (Smallanthus sonchifolius) increases glucagon-like peptide-1 and reduces the body weight of ovariectomized Wistar rats

A raiz do yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), em função da rica concentração de fruto-oligossacarídeos, é classificada como prebiótico e tornou-se promissora da obesidade pelo aumento da saciedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a inclusão de um produto à base de yacon (PBY) em ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX) no consumo alimentar, na modulação de medidas antropométricas e do imunomarcador da saciedade glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) em ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas (OVX). Analisou-se o consumo alimentar pela pesagem diária de sobra de dieta, a porcentagem de gordura corporal foi determinada pelo índice de Lee e também foram avaliados o peso, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência abdominal. Fragmentos do ceco foram utilizados para imunomarcação de GLP-1, de ratas OVX, após serem alimentadas por 24 semanas com dieta padrão adicionadas ou não de 6% de FOS/inulina/PBY. Observou-se diminuição da circunferência abdominal (p=0,2173) em 3,5%, também houve decréscimo de IMC (p=0,3822) em 6,25% e de percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,3528) em 2,14% em animais que receberam PBY durante 24 semanas (G4) comparado aos animais do grupo controle. No grupo G4 o GLP-1 aumentou (p<.0001), os animais aumentaram o consumo (p=0,0064) e, paradoxalmente, tiveram menor ganho de peso (p<.0001), o que pode estar associado ao fato de que as fibras diminuem a eficiência de absorção de lipídeos ao longo do intestino delgado, o que pode diminuir a assimilação calórica de nutrientes. Esse fenômeno demonstra que o PBY possui potencial na modulação da obesidade, portanto, melhoria da qualidade de vida de mulheres na menopausa.(AU)

The yacon root (Smallanthus sonchifolius), due to the rich concentration of fructo-oligosaccharides, is classified as prebiotic and has become promising for obesity due to increased satiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of a yacon-based product (PBY) in ovariectomized rats (OVX) in food consumption, in the modulation of anthropometric measurements and in the satiety immunosorbent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in rats Wistar ovariectomized (OVX). Food consumption was analyzed by daily weighing of leftover diet, the percentage of body fat was determined by the Lee index, and weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were also evaluated. Cecum fragments were used for immunostaining GLP-1, from OVX rats, after being fed for 24 weeks with a standard diet with or without 6% FOS / inulin / PBY. There was a decrease in abdominal circumference (p = 0.2173) in 3.5%, there was also a decrease in BMI (p = 0.3822) in 6.25% and a percentage of body fat (p = 0.3528) 2.14% in animals that received PBY for 24 weeks (G4) compared to animals in the control group. In the G4 group GLP-1 increased (p <.0001), the animals increased their consumption (p = 0.0064) and paradoxically, they gained less weight gain (p <.0001), which may be associated with the fact that fibers decrease the efficiency of absorption of lipids along the small intestine, which can decrease the caloric assimilation of nutrients. This phenomenon demonstrates that PBY has the potential to modulate obesity, thus improving the quality of life of women in menopause. (AU)

Comparación del estado nutricional, consumo habitual de alimentos y hábitos de actividad física en escolares de primero básico -primero medio de la ciudad de Taltal, Chile / Comparison of nutritional status, habitual food consumption and physical activity habits of schoolchildren in the city of Taltal, Chile

El artículo compara el estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y hábitos de actividad física en escolares de primer año básico y primer año medio. Método: mediante diseño descriptivo prospectivo, se exploró antropométricamente y encuestó 225 escolares (94 básicos, 131 medios), previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. Resultados: según IMC, el 53,8% del total de estudiantes básicos y medios califica fuera del rango normal, a saber: 30,6% sobrepeso, 19 % obesidad y 4 % obesos severos. En el total de la muestra, la combinación de alimentos desayuno-colaciones de media tarde es alto en grasas, siendo esta combinación mucho mayor en básicos. Las combinaciones de colaciones moderadas en grasa son preferidas por los varones, a diferencia de las mujeres que consumen colaciones altas en grasas. El 68% de los hombres y mujeres de enseñanza básica realiza actividad física regularmente, en tanto los de media solo alcanzan un 58,2%. No se halló diferencias significativas en las variables antropométricas y alimentarias entre estudiantes básicos y medios, excepto en la realización de actividad física entre mujeres. Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y obesidad afectan gran parte de la muestra, las preferencias alimentarias tienen alto contenido graso y la actividad física que realizan decrece desde los estudiantes básicos a los medios.

The article compares the nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity habits in students. Method: Using a prospective descriptive design, anthropometric exploration was conducted and 225 schoolchildren were surveyed (94 primary and 131 high school students), after assent and informed consent. Results: Over half (53.8%) had a BMI outside the normal range, namely: 30.6% overweight, 19% obesity and 4% severe obese. The combination of breakfast and tea time foods was high in fats. This combination being much higher in primary school students. Moderate fat snack combinations were preferred by males, unlike women who consumed high fat snacks. Among primary school children, 68% performed regular physical activity, compared to 58.2% of high school students. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and eating habits variables between primary and high school students, except in physical activity practice among women. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity affected a large part of the sample. We observed a preference for foods with a high fat content and physical activity decreased between primary and high school.

Impact Of Mother Employment On The Nutritional Status Of School Children: A Narrative Review

Introduction-Nutrition status of school going children is most important in their future well establishment quality, and scholarly imperativeness is laid amid this period. It is a changeable period of their development and psychological advancement. Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Inadequate nutrition caused by the lack of a balanced diet. Maternal employment status plays an important role in all aspects of growth, development and nutrition outcomes of the children. Objective-The aim of this narrative review is to assess the impact of maternal employment on the nutritional status of the school children. Method-Pub Med-Medline, EBSCO data base was searched for narrative review study in assessment of nutritional status among school children of employed and unemployed mothers that are focusing from 2009 to2017. Result-The findings shows that out of 7 articles, 5 studies are showing that occupation of mothers have a poor impression on the nutritional status of the school age children and 2 articles shows that mothers socio-economic status and education effect the nutrition status of their children. Conclusion-The review article concluded that mother working status has an impact on nutritional status of school age children. As the children with employed mothers had less healthy nutritional pattern, understanding this wide elements of children's nutrition is exceptionally imperative for their prosperity and future advancement.

Lactancia materna y estado nutricional de niños entre 1 y 3 años de edad / Breastfeeding and nutritional status of children between 1 and 3 years of age

Se estudia la relación entre la lactancia materna y el estado nutricional de 127 niñas y 143 niños (n =270) de 1 a 3 años de edad, mediante un estudio de campo descriptivo y transversal, en ambulatorios de Caracas. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, tiempo y duración de la lactancia materna, peso, talla y las circunferencias del brazo y cabeza, para obtener la combinación de indicadores peso para la edad, peso para la talla y talla para la edad, y con ambas circunferencias el Índice de Kanawati-McLaren (K-McL= Circunferencia de brazo/Circunferencia de cabeza). Se aplicaron cuestionarios semiestructurados, al binomio madre-niño Predominaron los estratos sociales IV y V (Pobreza relativa y Crítica, respectivamente) según Graffar modificado, solamente el 17 % de la muestra pertenecía al estrato III (condiciones económicas medias). Al establecer la relación entre la lactancia y el estado nutricional según los indicadores hubo un comportamiento sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a la combinación de indicadores y el tiempo y tipo de lactancia practicada en los niños ubicados entre percentiles 10 y 90 y con seis meses de lactancia exclusiva fue realizada sólo por el 8,33% de ellos. En los desnutridos con talla normal, la cifra fue igualmente cercana: 10,81% para esa práctica. Los varones estaban desnutridos en un 21% y las niñas en un 13%. Al aplicar K-McL: 75,63% de los niños amamantados hasta el día de la entrevista resultaron normales (percentil 50 o mediana) y los no amamantados hasta ese momento sumaron un 70,83%(AU)

This study examines the relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status of 127 girls and 143 boys (n =270) 1 to 3 years of age. It was carried out a field descriptive and cross-sectional study in clinics of Caracas. The anthropometric variables were: age, sex, socioeconomic strata, time and duration of the maternal breastfeeding, weight, height, and cephalic and arm circumferences, for the combination of indicators: weight for age, weight for height and height for age, and with both the index Kanawati-McLaren (K-McL) circles and semi structure questionnaires have been implemented. The social stratum IV and V predominated (relative poverty and criticism, respectively) according to modified Graffar, only 17% of the sample belongs to the stratum III (average economic conditions). To establish the relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status according to the indicators, there was a behavior without statistically significant differences. The combination of indicators and the time and breastfeeding practiced in located children (between 10 and 90 percentile) and six months of exclusive breastfeeding was performed only by 8.33 % of them. In the malnourished with normal stature, the figure was also close: 10,81% for this practice. The boys were undernourished by 21% and the girls by 13%. Applying K-McL: 75, 63% of the children breastfed until the day of the interview were normal (percentile 50 or median), and not breastfed until that time amounted to 70, 83 %(AU)

Caracterización nutricional de niños con errores innatos del metabolismo de proteínas, en una consulta privada de nutrición en Bogotá, Colombia / Nutritional status of children with inborn errors of protein metabolism in a private nutritional practice in Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción: Poco se sabe sobre las secuelas nutricionales de los errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM) sin diagnóstico oportuno en Colombia. Objetivo: Describir las principales características nutricionales de pacientes con EIM de proteínas en consulta privada de nutrición en Bogotá, Colombia y si se atribuyen a la patología o variables sociodemográficas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal observacional de pacientes con EIM de proteínas, recolectando datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y dietéticos. Resultados: Se recolectaron 22 pacientes: 45% de sexo femenino, 36% lactantes; 59% de zona urbana y 77% de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) bajo. El 41% se encontraba eutrófico y 45% presentó retraso de talla, sin existir diferencias por sexo, NSE, zona de residencia ni grupo etáreo. El 90% presentó adherencia al tratamiento, cubriendo las recomendaciones para edad, patología y aminoácidos limitantes. No existieron diferencias significativas en el aporte dietético por variables sociodemográficas excepto por grupo etáreo. Conclusión: La principal afección nutricional es crónica y atribuible al EIM.

Little is known about the nutritional consequences of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) without neonatal diagnosis in Colombia. The aim of our study was to describe the nutritional characteristics of individuals with IEM who attended a nutritional private practice in Bogotá, Colombia, and to evaluate whether this status is consequence of the disease or other social or demographic variables. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, in which anthropometrical measurements were taken along with a diet analysis and the recollection ofsocial and demographic variables. A sample of 22 individuals was gathered: Forty five % women, 36% infants, 59% resided in an urban area and 77% had a low socioeconomic status (SES). More than 40% had an adequate nutritional status and 45% suffered growth retardation; no differences were found according to gender, area of residence, SES nor age group. Nearly 90% had adequate treatment adherence, fulfilling their nutritional requirements according to age, disease and limiting amino acids. The only difference found in dietary intake was among age groups, in which the intake per kg of weight decrease as the individual got older. We concluded that the main nutritional outcome in patients with IEM was growth retardation and it can be attributed to the disease rather than other social or demographic variables.

Nutrient Intake and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Smokers / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: 44.4 +/- 7.8 yrs). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic (134.1 +/- 1.4 mmHg) and the diastolic blood (87.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG (173.6 +/- 9.4 mg/dL) and fasting blood glucose (109.0 +/- 2.4 mg/dL) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.

Evaluación global subjetiva y antropométrica para el diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica

La enfermedad hepática crónica es una entidad frecuente y el diagnostico nutricional, es de gran utilidad para influir en la historia natural de la enfermedad; por ello esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar la Evaluación Global Subjetiva con la evaluación Antropométrica para el diagnostico nutricional de pacientes con Enfermedad Hepática Crónica. Se evaluaron, previo consentimiento por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, 30 individuos (11 mujeres y 19 hombres) con enfermedad hepática crónica (EHC) CHILD A. Se aplicaron ambos métodos por diferentes evaluadores de acuerdo a las normas establecidas. Se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, a través del programa SPSS 12. (P >0,05). En el diagnostico nutricional de la evaluación antropométrica se encontró un total de 22 individuos (73.3%) se encontraban en normal, sobrepeso y obesidad; y 8 individuos (26.7%) con desnutrición proteico calórica; mientras que con la evaluación global subjetiva 22 individuos (73.3%) estaban bien nutridos, 8 (26.7%) moderadamente mal nutrido o riesgo de desnutrición (r=0,775), Se concluye que tanto la VGS como la Antropometría son aplicables para medir riesgo de desnutrición, pero la VGS no es aplicable para medir malnutrición por exceso dentro la evaluación nutricional del paciente ambulatorio con enfermedad hepática crónica.

Chronic liver disease is a common diagnosis and the nutritional diagnosis is very useful in influencing the natural history of the disease, that´s why this study objective was to compare the Subjective Global Assessment with the Anthropometric assessment for the nutritional diagnosis of patients with chronic liver disease. We assessed 30 individuals (11 women and 19 men) with chronic liver disease (EHC) CHILD A. Both methods were applied by different evaluators in accordance with established standards. It applied the Pearson correlation coefficient, through the program SPSS 12 (P> 0.05). In the anthropometrical assessment nutritional diagnosis a total of 22 individuals (73.3%) were normal, overweight and obesity, and 8 individuals (26.7%) with protein calorie malnutrition, while the 22 individuals subjective global assessment ( 73.3%) were well nourished, 8 (26.7%) moderately malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (r = 0775); was concluded that both the VGS as Anthropometrics are applicable to measure risk of malnutrition, but the VGS is not applicable to measure Malnutrition excess into the nutritional assessment in the ambulatory patient with chronic liver disease.