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Bavachinin is a dihydroflavone isolated from dried ripe fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L.，which has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, and good potential in clinical applications. With the increasing concern about the safety of P. corylifolia applications in clinical, the bavachinin has been found to be one of the main components causing liver injury. In this paper, the pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity of bavachinin in the recent 20 years were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the further study and clinical application.
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin, a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF), and its potential mechanisms. Methods: The effects of linarin on cell viability and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells were measured. Meanwhile, monosodium glutamate (MSG) mouse model was constructed to monitor the changes of insulin tolerance, glucose tolerance, triglyceride and cholesterol. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK, p-ACC, PEPCK and p-GS were detected by Western blot. Results: Linarin could increase the relative glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, improve insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance, and decrease the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol of MSG mice. Simultaneously, the expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC in HepG2 cells and the liver tissue of MSG mice were increased, while the expression levels of PEPCK and p-GS were decreased after treatment with linarin. Conclusion: Insulin resistance could be ameliorated by linarin in type 2 diabetes, and its mechanism may be related to AMPK signaling pathway.
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Abstract@#This current study aims to report the clinical profiles and characteristics of diabetic patients who had been admitted for hyperglycemic crises from 2007 to 2017 at our institution. @*Methodology@#We conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary care university hospital outside Metro Manila. The data gathered were divided into three categories: clinical data, biochemical data and precipitating factors. @*Results@#A total of 3,120 adult patients with diabetes mellitus were admitted for various reasons, and 71 cases presented with DKA or HHS over the 10-year period of review which is equivalent to 2% of all diabetes mellitus cases admitted. Forty-six (64.79%) of the patients with hyperglycemic crises were known diabetics with a duration of 7-13 years. Majority of patients were not taking anti diabetic medications upon admission. Most patients with hyperglycemic crises were tachycardic and hypertensive upon admission. Majority were discharged and improved. Majority of the cases 53 (81.69%) had DKA. The most common precipitating factor in DKA and HHS was infection.@*Conclusion@#In conclusion, the biochemical profiles in our series did not significantly differ from the past study by Gatbonton et.al (1998). Despite the advent of new therapies for diabetes mellitus control, mortality among the patients with hyperglycemic crises was slightly higher in our study at 11% compared to the global reported data of 2-10%. One of the reasons could be the minimal improvements in our health care delivery system that is still unable to cater to the needs of diabetic Filipinos. Early screening programs should be done for patients beginning age 40 years and even earlier for those with risk factors for prompt detection and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Education and awareness should be strengthened for patients with diabetes mellitus to avoid the crises by emphasizing the importance of regular follow-up, monitoring and compliance with a diabetic regimen, especially with insulin and multiple OADs (oral anti- diabetic drugs) since the disease is progressive, and timely intensification of therapy is needed.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
Citrullus colocynthis is widely distributed in the desert regions of the world. C. colocynthis has shown to improve constipation, liver diseases, jaundice, typhoid fever, diabetes and asthma in traditional use. As a kind of exterritorialy medicinal material, C. colocynthis has been used in China and introduced successfully. The main active ingredients of C. colocynthis are cucurbitacin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, which have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-pathogenic microorganisms and anti-cancer activities in modern pharmacological research. This paper reviews the traditional application, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of C. colocynthis, and provides reference for the in-depth study for the efficacy and mechanism of different components of C. colocynthis.
Subject(s)
China , Citrullus colocynthis/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/pharmacologyABSTRACT
This study investigated the anti-diabetic activity of the root bark extract of Parquetina nigrescens and the isolated compound, convallatoxin, from the root bark. A powdered sample of the plant was extracted with methanol, and the extract (A) was tested in glucose-loaded normal rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for the determination of the most active dose. The anti-diabetic activity of A at 200 mg/kg was carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A was further partitioned to obtain its n-hexane (B1), dichloromethane (B2), ethyl acetate (B3) and mother liquor (B4) fractions that were tested for blood glucose lowering activity using glucose-loaded normal rats model. The anti-diabetic activity of the isolated compound from B3 was carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results were subjected to one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests and p< 0.05 was considered significant. A showed dose-independent and time dependent blood glucose level reduction activity at 200 mg/kg with the highest percentage of 30% at 4 h that was comparable to the standard, glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg. A at 200 mg/kg showed a blood glucose level reduction of 49, 68 and 70% by Day 4, 7 and 10 respectively as against glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg of 18, 33 and 39% by Day 4, 7 and 10 respectively on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. B3 showed a time-dependent blood glucose level reduction activity up to the fourth hour similar to glibenclamide with 35% as against 38% of glibenclamide. B1, B2 and B4 were devoid of blood glucose level reduction activity. Convallatoxin isolated from B3 gave 83 % blood glucose levels reduction at day 10 as against 38% of glibenclamide. The anti-diabetic activity of convallatoxin was significantly (p<0.05) more than glibenclamide at all-time point. The structure of convallatoxin was determined using IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and the spectroscopic data compared well with published data in the literature.
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat. BAT that had been know to exist only in mammals and the human neonate has received great attention for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its important function in energy metabolism, ever since it is recently reported that human adults have functional BAT. In addition, beige adipocytes, brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), have also been shown to take part in whole body metabolism. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that transplantation or activation of BAT or/and beige adipocytes reversed obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, many genes involved in BATactivation and/or the recruitment of beige cells have been found, thereby providing new promising strategies for future clinical application of BAT activation to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances of BAT function in the metabolic aspect and the relationship between BAT and cancer cachexia, a pathological process accompanied with decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure in cancer patients. The underlying possible mechanisms to reduce BAT mass and its activity in the elderly are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Adipose Tissue, Brown , Metabolism , Aging , Metabolism , Cachexia , Metabolism , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Energy Metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome , Metabolism , Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Obesity , Metabolism , ThermogenesisABSTRACT
@#In order to obtain glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogs which can sustainedly control the levels of glucose, 12 derivatives were designed and synthesized by coupling monomethoxy polyethylene glycol(mPEG, with average molecular weights of 350, 550 and 750)to GLP-1 analogs. Preliminary pharmacological activities showed that all compounds retained GLP-1 receptor agonist activities, and the hypoglycemic activity of compound I-12 was similar to those of Ex-4 and Liraglutide, suggesting I-12 could be a potential long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.
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1-Deoxynojirimycin(DNJ), a polyhydroxylated alkaloid,has demonstrated numerous physiological activites, such as anti-diabetes, lipid-lowering, anti-cancer and anti-virus effects. As research continues, related activities have been explained even more clearly, and new physiological activities have been found. In this review, new discoveries of the physiological activities of DNJ and DNJ derivatives were summarized. This will provide pharmaceutical basis for future study and application of DNJ.
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β-lactam compounds exhibit good antibacterial activity, which aroused widespread attention.Recently, the researches on the biological activities of beta-lactam derivatives have made great development.In this paper, we will review the recent research progress of β-lactam derivatives in the field of anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anti-tuberculosis, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetes, antithrombotic, plasma lipids regulation and treatment on nervous system diseases.
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The stem of Cynomorium songaricum is a traditional Chinese medicine reputed to have tonic effects. C. coccineum growing in northern Africa and the Mediterranean region is regarded in Arabian medical practice as the "treasure of drugs". The major constituents of Cynomorium plants have been revealed to be phenolic compounds, steroids, triterpenes, etc. Pharmacologic studies showed that the Cynomorium plants had antioxidant, immunity-improving, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and other bioactivities. Some chemical constituents in Cynomorium plants are unstable, implying that the chemical components of the herbal medicines produced under different conditions may be variable. This review covers the literature published until December, 2011 and describes the pharmacologic effects and secondary metabolites of Cynomorium species.