ABSTRACT
Earthworm is one of animal drugs in Chinese materia medica. It was commonly used in clinic with rich resources in China. Modern studies showed that proteins and peptides were the main components in earthworm. It has been used for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases because of its various activities, such as anticoagulant, anti-stroke, antibacterial, and antifibrotic activities, etc. In this review, 48 proteins and peptides from different species of earthworm reported since 1983 were summarized, including their names, molecular weights, amino acid sequences, isoelectric points, and activities. In addition, its pharmacological effects of earthworm proteins and peptides were summarized. In all, it will provide a scientific basis for the further study and comprehensive utilization of proteins and peptides of earthworm.
ABSTRACT
In recent years,the role of phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)has been highlighted in the development and progression of neurological disease.PDE5 inhibitors show significant effect of neruoprotection,which may be related with some effects such as resistance to stroke,anti-oxidation,inhibition of neuroinflammation and amelioration of cognitive deficits.Based on the domestic and overseas researches about PDE5,this review systematically summarized the neuroprotection of PDE5 and their related mechanisms.