Natural Medicinal Components Mediating Pyroptosis by GSDMs in Anti-tumor Therapy： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pyroptosis， an atypical new cell death mode other than apoptosis and necrosis， has been discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis depends on the cleavage of gasdermins （GSDMs） by Caspases. The activated GSDMs act on the plasma membrane to form a perforation， which results in cell lysis and triggers inflammation and immune response. Pyroptosis can be induced by four distinct signaling pathways， including canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathways， apoptosis-associated Caspases-mediated pathway， and granzyme pathway. In these signaling pathways， GSDMs are the executors of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is associated with the death of tumor cells and the inflammatory damage of normal tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that moderate pyroptosis can lead to tumor cell death to exert an anti-tumor effect， and meanwhile stimulate the tumor immune microenvironment， while it can promote tumor development. Despite the good performance， drug-based anti-tumor therapies such as tumor immunotherapy， chemotherapy， and targeted therapy have some shortcomings such as drug resistance， recurrence， and damage to normal tissues. The latest research shows that a variety of natural compounds have anti-tumor effects in the auxiliary treatment of tumors by mediating the pyroptosis pathways in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner， which provide new ideas for the study of anti-tumor therapy. We reviewed the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the regulatory role of pyroptosis in tumors and tumor immune microenvironment， and summarized the recent research progress in the natural medicinal components regulating pyroptosis in anti-tumor therapy， with a view to providing ideas for the research on the anti-tumor therapy based on pyroptosis.

Advances in the mesoporous silica-based reactive oxygen species controlled-release nanosystem and its anti-tumor application / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Until now, great progress has been made in anti-tumor therapy. A series of novel anti-tumor drugs, such as molecular targeted drugs and monoclonal antibodies, have been emerging one after another, which have benefited a great number of tumor patients in different degrees. However, there are still many dilemmas in clinical anti-tumor therapy at present, for instance, obvious side effects, tumor resistance and so on. In recent years, the nano drug delivery system with mesoporous silica as the carrier has overcome many flaws of traditional anti-tumor treatment to a certain extent, especially the mesoporous silica nanosystem for controlling reactive oxygen species generation which has excellent tumor targeting property and biocompatibility, and minimal injury effects on normal tissue cells. So it has been regarded as one of the most promising agents in clinical application by playing significant anti-tumor roles through multiple approaches. This paper reviews this kind of potent nanosystem and its application to anti-tumor therapy.

Targeting tumor-associated macrophages by anti-tumor Chinese materia medica / 中国结合医学杂志

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. TAMs secrete different kinds of cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes to affect the progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy depending on their state of reprogramming. Therapeutic benefit in targeting TAMs suggests that macrophages are attractive targets for cancer treatment. Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an important approach for treating cancer in China and in the Asian region. According to the theory of Chinese medicine (CM) and its practice, some prescriptions of CM regulate the body's internal environment possibly including the remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we briefly summarize the pivotal effects of TAMs in shaping the TME and promoting tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis and immunosuppression. Furthermore, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of CMM targeting TAMs in antitumor therapy. Finally, we reveal the CMM's dual-regulatory and multi-targeting functions on regulating TAMs, and hopefully, provide the theoretical basis for CMM clinical practice related to cancer therapy.

Anti-tumor immune therapy with programmed death-1 and its ligand inhibitors:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Programmed death-1(PD-1)and its ligand(PD-L1)inhibitors are a novel kind of immune checkpoint blockers, which are the highlights of anti-tumor immune therapy. PD-1 inhibitors,such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been granted by the market authorization to treat melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical trials of their efficacy and safety on renal cell carci?noma,bladder carcinoma and Hodgkin′s lymphoma are still in process. PD-L1 inhibitors atezolizumab,durvalumab and avelumab have been approved by FDA for treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Several other drugs are in phaseⅠclinical trials. This paper gives a brief summary of recent advances in the studies on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Advances in tumor-therapy using genetically modified Salmonella / 生物工程学报

Tumor is a neoplasm formed by the abnormal proliferation of local tissue cells under the effects of different tumorigenic factors. Tumor-therapy has always been a difficult clinical issue, while regular cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, have obvious limitations. Earlier studies have shown that some obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes have anti-tumor effects, for example, Salmonella typhymurium as facultative anaerobic bacteria can selectively colonize tumors and inhibit their growth. Besides, Salmonella has many advantages in tumor-therapy. In the past decade or two, many researchers have carried out genetic manipulation to attenuate the virulence of Salmonella, to improve their specificity of tumor colonization and specially to use attenuated Salmonella as carriers to deliver a variety of anti-tumor therapeutic molecules, and these genetically modified Salmonella have shown good anti-tumor effects in many animal experiments. Along with further research of Salmonella-mediated antitumor treatment, applications of genetically modified Salmonella for more effective tumor-therapy are promising. We reviewed the anti-tumor mechanisms of Salmonella, the research progress in tumor-therapy using genetically modified Salmonella, and current problems and possible solutions.

Anti-tumor immune therapy with programmed death-1 and its ligand inhibitors: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors are a novel kind of immune checkpoint blockers, which are the highlights of anti-tumor immune therapy. PD-1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been granted by the market authorization to treat melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical trials of their efficacy and safety on renal cell carcinoma, bladder carcinoma and Hodgkin′s lymphoma are still in process. PD-L1 inhibitors atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab have been approved by FDA for treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Several other drugs are in phase I clinical trials. This paper gives a brief summary of recent advances in the studies on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Preparation and application of multicellular spheroid in cancer therapy / 基础医学与临床

Multicellular spheroid (MCS) can simulate many aspects of the in vivo physiological and pathological conditions in many aspects,better reflect the in-vivo behavior of cells in tumors.So it's increasingly accepted as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic intervention including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy and combined therapy.Various spheroid co-culture approaches have been presented to study heterologous cells interaction in solid tumors.The present review briefly introduces the methodology and applications of MCS with focus on the up-to-date information.

Expression and functional characterization of amino acid transport system L in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells

inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). The affinity of [14C]L-leucine uptake and the inhibition profiles of [14C]L-leucine uptake by various amino acids in the Saos2 cells were comparable with those for the LAT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The majority of [14C]Lleucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the Saos2 cells. These results suggest that the transports of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are for the most part mediated by LAT1. Therefore, the Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are excellent tools for examine the properties of LAT1. Moreover, the specific inhibition of LAT1 in tumor cells might be a new rationale for anti-tumor therapy.