ABSTRACT
World Health Organization has recognized antibiotic resistance is one of the serious threats to public health and food-safety in the 21st century. Recently, the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) has been widely considered as a new pollutant. Now, many studies suggested that animal farm is one of the major reservoirs of ARGs. Antibiotic resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes enter the environment along with animal excrement, accelerating the spread of ARGs in the environment. In the livestock and poultry breeding environment, ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria could be transmitted to humans through the food chain, water or air, posing a great threat to public health. This review highlights the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes in livestock-breeding environment, the retention and spread of ARGs and the method used to study the antibiotic resistance, which will provide certain support for risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance in food animal breeding environment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate antibiotic-resistant bacteria infection status of hospital patients and to propose management strategies to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.METHODS Antibiotic-resistant bacteria infection status of hospital patients was investigated during Dec 2006 to June 2009.RESULTS 31 cases of infections occurred in 26 patients.Infection rate in hospital was 61.54%.and the death rate was 34.62%.In all parts of infection,lower respiratory tract infection reached 54.84%.Causes of infection includeed:severe diseases,long time of hospital stay,application of broad-spectrum antibiotics,invasive operations and so on.Positive rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wards was 9.91%,Contamination rate of medical supplies was 32.14%.The aggregation of multiple resistance bacteria was related to the contamination of medical supplies.CONCLUSIONS Supervision focus on hospital infection should be that strengthening the management of antibiotics,developing supervision of antibiotics-resistance of pathogens,ensuring disinfection and isolation methods taking effects,standardizing operations of diagnostics and treatment and preventing spread of antibiotics-resistant bacteria in hospitals.