ABSTRACT
Organ transplantation is an effective approach for the treatment of end-stage organ failures. Currently, the donor organs used for clinical transplantation are all preserved at above-zero temperatures. These preservation methods are well-established and simple but the storage time lasts for only 4-12 h. Some researchers tried to extend the organ storage time by improving protectant and HLA matching to raise the use of stored organs and prolong the long-term survival of organs. These efforts still fall short of the clinical demand for organ transplantation. Moreover, a great many organs were wasted due to limited storage time, HLA mismatch, patients' conditions or distance involved. Therefore, preserving organs for several weeks or even months and establishing Organ Bank are the tough challenges and have become a shared goal of global scholars. This article reviews some issues involved in the cryopreservation of organs, such as use of cryoprotecting agents, freezing and thawing methods in the cryopreservation of hearts, kidneys and other organs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cryopreservation , Methods , Cryoprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Organ Preservation , MethodsABSTRACT
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect organisms from freezing and shows great diversity in structure, and they have been found in a variety of organisms. In this study, a total of 15 antifreeze proteins of fish were selected where they represent distinct physicochemical and structural features. The present paper uses bioinformatics approach to describe the physiochemical, functional and structural properties of Antifreeze proteins. Several Physico-chemical properties such as pI, EC, AI, GRAVY and instability index are computed and provide data about these proteins and their properties. The result of primary structure analysis infers that, fish antifreeze proteins are mostly hydrophobic. Disulfide bridges and secondary structures were analyzed using CYS_REC and SOPMA respectively. The three dimensional structure of Antifreeze proteins is predicted by using three homology modeling server Geno3D, Swiss-model and CPHmodels. The model was evaluated with PROCHECK, WHAT IF, and ProSA programs. Model visualization and analysis was done with Pymol. These structures will provide a good foundation for functional analysis of experimentally derived crystal structures.
ABSTRACT
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect organisms from freezing and shows great diversity in structure, and they have been found in a variety of organisms. In this study, a total of 15 antifreeze proteins of fish were selected where they represent distinct physicochemical and structural features. The present paper uses bioinformatics approach to describe the physiochemical, functional and structural properties of Antifreeze proteins. Several Physico-chemical properties such as pI, EC, AI, GRAVY and instability index are computed and provide data about these proteins and their properties. The result of primary structure analysis infers that, fish antifreeze proteins are mostly hydrophobic. Disulfide bridges and secondary structures were analyzed using CYS_REC and SOPMA respectively. The three dimensional structure of Antifreeze proteins is predicted by using three homology modeling server Geno3D, Swiss-model and CPHmodels. The model was evaluated with PROCHECK, WHAT IF, and ProSA programs. Model visualization and analysis was done with Pymol. These structures will provide a good foundation for functional analysis of experimentally derived crystal structures.
ABSTRACT
Myeloid sarcoma is a form of extra-medullary myeloid neoplasia. Cytogenetic characterization is hampered in the absence of invasion to the bone marrow, origin of cells that are usually studied in cytogenetic studies. We report a 13years old mole presenting with a mass in the right shoulder. A biopsy of the tumor disclosed a Myeloid Sarcoma. A conventional cytogenetic study of a bone marrow aspirate did not show t (8;21) translocation. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed in the paraffin embedded biopsy of the tumor, detected a chromosome 11 trisomy.