Nephroprotective effect of the methanolic fruit extract of Musa balbisiana Colla against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Renal failure is the loss of renal functions owing to multiple factors, including oxidative stress, and it is a global concern, as it costs millions of lives every year. Carbon tetrachloride is a standard toxicant exploited to induce nephrotoxicity in experimental animals to study oxidative stress-related renal injury. This study was conducted to determine the nephroprotective activity of a methanolic extract derived from the unripe fruit pulp of Musa balbisiana Colla (MBME) in carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Multiple groups of mice were treated with a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (1-mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally once in a week followed by oral administration of the methanolic fruit extract of M. balbisiana Colla (MBME) at two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) consecutively for 28 days. Treatment with carbon tetrachloride reduced body weight along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the renal tissue, elevated kidney weight, renal biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, IL-6, TNF-?, and TGF-? levels in the blood serum, impaired antioxidant system and up-regulated TGF-? expression in the kidney tissue, and brought histological changes in the architecture of renal tissues. Our data revealed that the oral administration of the methanolic fruit extract of M. balbisiana Colla (MBME) dose wisely restored kidney and body weight, renal biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the renal tissue, reduced lipid peroxidation, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) levels in the blood serum, re-established antioxidant system and down-regulated TGF-? expression in the kidney tissue, and re-established the architecture of renal tissues. Thus, this study reported the nephroprotective effects of methanolic fruit extract of M. balbisiana Colla (MBME) in carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice through possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Studies on bioaccumulation patterns, biochemical and genotoxic effects of copper on freshwater fish, Catla catla: an in vivo analysis / Estudos sobre padrões de bioacumulação, efeitos bioquímicos e genotóxicos do cobre em peixes de água doce, Catla catla: uma análise in vivo

During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA damage by concentrating in the tissues of fish, Catla catla (14.45±1.24g; 84.68±1.45mm) (Hamilton,1822). Fish fingerlings were retained in 5 groups for 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of the exposure period. They were treated with 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 (T1-T4) of 96h lethal concentration of copper. Controls were run along with all the treatments for the same durations. A significant (p < 0.05) dose and time dependent concentration of Cu was observed in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles, and brain of C. catla. Among organs, the liver showed a significantly higher concentration of Cu followed by gills, kidney, brain, and muscles. Copper accumulation in these organs caused a significant variation in the activities of enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The SOD activity varied significantly in response to the exposure time of Cu as 56 > 70 > 42 > 84 > 28 > 14 days while CAT activity exhibited an inverse relationship with the increase in Cu concentration. POD activity showed a significant rise with an increase in Cu exposure duration. Comet assay exhibited significant DNA damage in the peripheral erythrocytes of Cu exposed C. catla. Among four exposure concentrations, 2/3rd of LC50 (T1) caused significantly higher damage to the nuclei compared to control. Increased POD and SOD activity, as well as a decrease in CAT activity in response to Cu, demonstrates the involvement of a protective mechanism against reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas increased ROS resulted in higher DNA damage. These above-mentioned molecular markers can be efficiently used for the biomonitoring of aquatic environments and conservation of edible fish fauna.

Durante o presente estudo, o estresse oxidativo mediado pelo cobre (Cu) foi medido que induziu danos ao DNA por concentração nos tecidos de peixes, Catla catla (14,45 ± 1,24g; 84,68 ± 1,45mm) (Hamilton, 1822). Os alevinos foram retidos em 5 grupos por 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias do período de exposição. Eles foram tratados com 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 e 1/5 (T1-T4) de 96h de concentração letal de cobre. Os controles foram executados junto com todos os tratamentos para as mesmas durações. Uma significativa (p <0,05) concentração dependente do tempo e da dose de Cu foi observada nas brânquias, fígado, rim, músculos e cérebro de C. catla. Entre os órgãos, o fígado apresentou uma concentração significativamente maior de cobre, seguido por guelras, rins, cérebro e músculos. O acúmulo de cobre nesses órgãos causou uma variação significativa nas atividades das enzimas viz. superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POD). A atividade de SOD variou significativamente em resposta ao tempo de exposição de Cu como 56> 70> 42> 84> 28> 14 dias, enquanto a atividade de CAT exibiu uma relação inversa com o aumento na concentração de Cu. A atividade POD mostrou um aumento significativo com um aumento na duração da exposição ao Cu. O ensaio do cometa exibiu dano significativo ao DNA induzido por Cu nos eritrócitos periféricos de C. catla. Entre as quatro concentrações de exposição, 2/3 do LC50 (T1) causou danos significativamente maiores aos núcleos em comparação com o controle. O aumento da atividade de POD e SOD, bem como uma diminuição na atividade de CAT em resposta ao Cu, demonstra o envolvimento de um mecanismo protetor contra espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), enquanto o aumento de ROS resultou em maior dano ao DNA. Esses marcadores moleculares mencionados acima podem ser usados ​​de forma eficiente para o biomonitoramento de ambientes aquáticos e conservação da ictiofauna comestível.

Studies on bioaccumulation patterns, biochemical and genotoxic effects of copper on freshwater fish, Catla catla: an in vivo analysis

Abstract During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA damage by concentrating in the tissues of fish, Catla catla (14.45±1.24g; 84.68±1.45mm) (Hamilton,1822). Fish fingerlings were retained in 5 groups for 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of the exposure period. They were treated with 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 (T1-T4) of 96h lethal concentration of copper. Controls were run along with all the treatments for the same durations. A significant (p 0.05) dose and time dependent concentration of Cu was observed in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles, and brain of C. catla. Among organs, the liver showed a significantly higher concentration of Cu followed by gills, kidney, brain, and muscles. Copper accumulation in these organs caused a significant variation in the activities of enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The SOD activity varied significantly in response to the exposure time of Cu as 56 > 70 > 42 > 84 > 28 > 14 days while CAT activity exhibited an inverse relationship with the increase in Cu concentration. POD activity showed a significant rise with an increase in Cu exposure duration. Comet assay exhibited significant DNA damage in the peripheral erythrocytes of Cu exposed C. catla. Among four exposure concentrations, 2/3rd of LC50 (T1) caused significantly higher damage to the nuclei compared to control. Increased POD and SOD activity, as well as a decrease in CAT activity in response to Cu, demonstrates the involvement of a protective mechanism against reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas increased ROS resulted in higher DNA damage. These above-mentioned molecular markers can be efficiently used for the biomonitoring of aquatic environments and conservation of edible fish fauna.

Resumo Durante o presente estudo, o estresse oxidativo mediado pelo cobre (Cu) foi medido que induziu danos ao DNA por concentração nos tecidos de peixes, Catla catla (14,45 ± 1,24g; 84,68 ± 1,45mm) (Hamilton, 1822). Os alevinos foram retidos em 5 grupos por 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias do período de exposição. Eles foram tratados com 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 e 1/5 (T1-T4) de 96h de concentração letal de cobre. Os controles foram executados junto com todos os tratamentos para as mesmas durações. Uma significativa (p 0,05) concentração dependente do tempo e da dose de Cu foi observada nas brânquias, fígado, rim, músculos e cérebro de C. catla. Entre os órgãos, o fígado apresentou uma concentração significativamente maior de cobre, seguido por guelras, rins, cérebro e músculos. O acúmulo de cobre nesses órgãos causou uma variação significativa nas atividades das enzimas viz. superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POD). A atividade de SOD variou significativamente em resposta ao tempo de exposição de Cu como 56> 70> 42> 84> 28> 14 dias, enquanto a atividade de CAT exibiu uma relação inversa com o aumento na concentração de Cu. A atividade POD mostrou um aumento significativo com um aumento na duração da exposição ao Cu. O ensaio do cometa exibiu dano significativo ao DNA induzido por Cu nos eritrócitos periféricos de C. catla. Entre as quatro concentrações de exposição, 2/3 do LC50 (T1) causou danos significativamente maiores aos núcleos em comparação com o controle. O aumento da atividade de POD e SOD, bem como uma diminuição na atividade de CAT em resposta ao Cu, demonstra o envolvimento de um mecanismo protetor contra espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), enquanto o aumento de ROS resultou em maior dano ao DNA. Esses marcadores moleculares mencionados acima podem ser usados de forma eficiente para o biomonitoramento de ambientes aquáticos e conservação da ictiofauna comestível.

Puerarin inhibits HDAC1-induced oxidative stress disorder by activating JNK pathway and alleviates acrolein-induced atherosclerosis

Abstract Objective: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Puerarin (Pue) is a Chinese herbal remedy used to prevent and treat AS. Here, this research investigated the effect of Pue on AS progression. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were induced with acrolein. Body weight, blood lipid index, inflammatory factors, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and lipid deposition were detected. IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Oil red staining and H&E staining were used to observe the aortic sinus plaque lesions. Serum expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a, SOD, GSH and MDA were detected by ELISA, the mRNA expression levels of HDAC1 in the aorta were detected by RT-qPCR, and IL-6 and TNF-α in the aorta were detected by immunohistochemistry. JNK, p-JNK, OPA-1, and HDAC1 were detected by Western blotting. Results: Pue administration can effectively reduce lipid accumulation in AS mice induced by acrolein. Pue promoted the activity of SOD, GSH and MDA, and inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the process of aortic histological changes. Pue reduced IL-6 and TNF-α. HDAC1 expression was down-regulated and p-JNK-1 and JNK protein expression was up-regulated. Conclusion: Pue reduces inflammation and alleviates AS induced by acrolein by mediating the JNK pathway to inhibit HDAC1-mediated oxidative stress disorder.

Clerodendrum infortunatum Attenuates Pancreatic Oxidative Stress and Dysregulated Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Diabetes

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and is gravely troubling human health and quality of life. Side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents have led to investigations on alternative sources such as herbal drugs in treating diabetes. Anti-diabetic properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes were evaluated and compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Aqueous extract of C. infortunatum on carbohydrate metabolism revealed its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it could significantly modulate insulin secretion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism for effective glucose homeostasis. Notably, the drug could accelerate the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the pancreas. The study proves the efficacy of C. infortunatum as a potent source of phytochemicals in ameliorating diabetic complications and suggests the medicinal plant as a nutraceutical agent.

Changes of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney after cardiac arrest in the rat model

Globally, cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death and disability. Asphyxial CA (ACA)-induced kidney damage is a crucial factor in reducing the survival rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes in histopathological renal damage in an ACA rat model at different time points. A total of 88 rats were divided into five groups and exposed to ACA except for the sham group. To evaluate glomerular function and oxidative stress, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crtn) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in renal tissues were measured. To determine histopathological damage, hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. Expression levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Survival rate of the experimental rats was reduced to 80% at 6 h, 55% at 12 h, 42.9% at 1 day, and 33% at 2 days after return of spontaneous circulation. Levels of BUN, Crtn, and MDA started to increase significantly in the early period of CA induction. Renal histopathological damage increased markedly from 6 h until two days post-CA. Additionally, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased at 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 2 days after CA. CA-induced oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, GPx) from 6 h to two days could be possible mediators of severe renal tissue damage and increased mortality rate.

Unravelling physiological and biochemical attributes influencing post harvest quality of gladiolus spikes after packaging and low temperature storage

The perishable nature of flowers urge for their appropriate post harvest management especially storage and packaging that keep the quality and potential vase life for better value. Gladiolus, commonly called as Sword lily, is a commercially important cut flower crop with elegant spikes, bright florets and good keeping quality. In the present study, we investigated the physiological and biochemical attributes affecting post harvest life of gladiolus spikes after packaging and storage. The spikes of four gladiolus cvs. Punjab Glance, Punjab Glad-1, Punjab Glad-2 and Punjab Pink Elegance were harvested at tight bud stage and packed in PP sleeves (25 ?m) and stored vertically at 4-5°C for 6, 9 and 12 days. After storage, the post harvest quality of both packed and unpacked spikes declined with more adverse effect on unpacked spikes. Among different storage durations, the spikes stored for 9 days showed good keeping quality parameters viz., vase life, per cent flower opened, floret size, days to opening of basal floret, maximum number of florets open at one time and water absorbed per spike which were at par with spikes stored for 6 days. The spikes stored for 12 days were found to be unacceptable in comparison to freshly harvested spikes and spikes stored for 6 and 9 days. The improved quality of spikes stored in sleeves could be accounted due to higher membrane stability index, relative water content, catalase and peroxidase activity as compared to unpacked spikes. Thus, loss in quality of spikes as compared to fresh during storage up to 9 days in PP sleeves is better than the complete loss of produce during transportation and gluts. Hence, the spikes of gladiolus could be stored dry at 4±0.5°C in PP sleeves for 9 days without much influence on its post harvest quality.

The protective effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine on acute kidney injury by up-regulating Sirtuin3 protein expression in septic mice / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) regulating silent information regulator 3 (Sirt3) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic mice.Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly ( random number) divided into the sham operation group (sham), cecal ligation and perforation group (CLP), CLP + NAC (50 mg/kg) and CLP + NAC (100 mg/kg) groups, with 10 mice in each group. The mice were sacrificed 24 h after CLP, and blood and kidney tissue samples were collected. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological damage of the kidney tissue of mice in each group. ELISA was used to detect serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein (NGAL) levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Sirt3 protein in kidney tissue. RT-qPCR was used to detect the level of Sirt3 mRNA. Mitochondrial damage of renal tubular epithelial cells was observed under transmission electron microscope, and the mitochondrial density was calculated. Meanwhile, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the renal cortex were also detected. Results:Compared with the sham group, in the CLP group, the pathological damage of renal tissue was significantly aggravated ( P<0.001), and the levels of renal function indicators (Scr, BUN, KIM-1 and NGAL) were all increased significantly (all P<0.001). The protein and mRNA expression of Sirt3 were all significantly decreased (all P<0.001), the mitochondrial structure damage of renal tubular epithelial cells was increased, and the mitochondrial density was significantly decreased ( P<0.001). The levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) in the renal cortex were all significantly decreased (all P<0.001), while the lipid peroxide MDA was significantly increased ( P<0.001). Compared with the CLP group, the renal injury score and renal function indexes (Scr, BUN, KIM-1 and NGAL levels) in the 50 mg/kg NAC pretreatment group were decreased, and the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in renal tissue were increased, but the differences were not significant. However, pretreatment with 100 mg/kg NAC significantly reduced the pathological damage of kidney tissue caused by CLP ( P<0.001), and significantly decreased the levels of Scr, BUN, KIM-1 and NGAL (all P<0.001). The expression of Sirt3 protein [(50.20±2.79) vs.(20.00±0.75), P<0.001] and mRNA [(0.57±0.07) vs. (0.41±0.07), P<0.001] were all significantly increased. The mitochondrial structure of renal tubular epithelial cells was more stable, and the mitochondrial density was significantly increased [(0.60±0.05) vs. (0.43±0.06), P<0.001]. The levels of SOD [(67.37±3.79) U/mg vs. (21.09±0.89) U/mg, P<0.001], GSH-Px [(265.61±9.61) U/mg vs. (180.00±3.31) U/mg, P<0.001] and CAT [(8.58±0.65) U/mg vs. (5.19±0.58) U/mg, P<0.001] were all significantly increased, while the expression level of MDA was significantly reduced [(40.36 ±1.79) vs. (83.81 ±1.70), P<0.001]. Conclusions:NAC can significantly reduce renal pathological damage, improve renal function, maintain mitochondrial structure stability and reduce oxidative stress levels in septic mice by up-regulating Sirt3 protein expression, and has a significant protective effect on CLP-induced AKI.

Influence of Lycium barbarum Extract Intake on Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effects of Goji Berry extract (GB, Lycium barbarum) gavage administration on liver tissue oxidative stress in Wistar rats as well as to identify and quantify the content of the major bioactive compounds of the fruit. Four diets were applied: SW - standard diet + water; SG - standard diet + Goji Berry extract (125 mg/kg of animal); PW - palatable diet + water; PG - palatable diet + Goji Berry extract (125 mg/kg of animal). Results showed a significant increase in catalase enzyme activity in the liver of rats treated with GB and also in those intaking the palatable diet without GB when compared to the SW group. An increased mRNA expression of this enzyme in the same tissue and groups was also verified. Regarding lipid peroxidation, the GB extract produced a significant decrease in the oxidation state in the SG and PG groups. The results also showed a significant amount of bioactive compounds in GB extract.

Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit? / Metabolismo fotossintético e antioxidante em mudas de Ormosia arborea são modulados pelo ácido abscísico sob deficit hídrico?

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 μM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico (ABA) nas trocas gasosas e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes de mudas de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms sob deficiência hídrica e sua influência no potencial de recuperação das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, sendo eles irrigação diária ou restrição hídrica sem e com 10 μM ABA. As mudas sob déficit hídrico + ABA apresentaram maior ajuste à seca e ao serem re-irrigadas restabeleceram o metabolismo fotossintético e o potencial hídrico. O ABA minimizou a redução do metabolismo fotossintético e do potencial da água na folha, porém, não aumentou a atividade antioxidante de mudas de O. arborea sob déficit hídrico. Esses resultados sugerem que esta espécie apresenta plasticidade fisiológica, o que lhe permite sobreviver em ambientes sujeitos a déficit hídrico temporário, independente da suplementação de ABA. Sugerimos que outras doses de ABA sejam avaliadas para ampliar os efeitos benéficos do ABA sobre esta espécie.

Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit?

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 M ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico (ABA) nas trocas gasosas e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes de mudas de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms sob deficiência hídrica e sua influência no potencial de recuperação das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, sendo eles irrigação diária ou restrição hídrica sem e com 10 M ABA. As mudas sob déficit hídrico + ABA apresentaram maior ajuste à seca e ao serem re-irrigadas restabeleceram o metabolismo fotossintético e o potencial hídrico. O ABA minimizou a redução do metabolismo fotossintético e do potencial da água na folha, porém, não aumentou a atividade antioxidante de mudas de O. arborea sob déficit hídrico. Esses resultados sugerem que esta espécie apresenta plasticidade fisiológica, o que lhe permite sobreviver em ambientes sujeitos a déficit hídrico temporário, independente da suplementação de ABA. Sugerimos que outras doses de ABA sejam avaliadas para ampliar os efeitos benéficos do ABA sobre esta espécie.

Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit? / Metabolismo fotossintético e antioxidante em mudas de Ormosia arborea são modulados pelo ácido abscísico sob deficit hídrico?

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 µM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico (ABA) nas trocas gasosas e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes de mudas de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms sob deficiência hídrica e sua influência no potencial de recuperação das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, sendo eles irrigação diária ou restrição hídrica sem e com 10 µM ABA. As mudas sob déficit hídrico + ABA apresentaram maior ajuste à seca e ao serem re-irrigadas restabeleceram o metabolismo fotossintético e o potencial hídrico. O ABA minimizou a redução do metabolismo fotossintético e do potencial da água na folha, porém, não aumentou a atividade antioxidante de mudas de O. arborea sob déficit hídrico. Esses resultados sugerem que esta espécie apresenta plasticidade fisiológica, o que lhe permite sobreviver em ambientes sujeitos a déficit hídrico temporário, independente da suplementação de ABA. Sugerimos que outras doses de ABA sejam avaliadas para ampliar os efeitos benéficos do ABA sobre esta espécie.

Theophylline attenuates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress in rats: The role of IL-6, NF-κB, and antioxidant enzymes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifibrotic and antioxidant roles of theophylline (Theo), a bioactive compound, in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Wistar albino rats. Assigned into 4 groups were 32 Wistar albino rats, comprising the control group (administered 0.9% isotonic saline), BLM group (treated with BLM at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg), BLM+Theo group (treated with Theo at a dose of 75 mg/kg + BLM at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg), and Theo group (treated with Theo at a dose of 75 mg/kg). In the BLM group, a significant decrease was observed in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05, p< 0.05, p< 0.001, respectively), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p< 0.001) were significantly elevated when compared to the control group. However, the MDA levels in the BLM+Theo group were also significantly higher than in the control group (p< 0.01). Similarly, the GSH levels were significantly higher in the BLM+Theo group than in the BLM group (p< 0.05). The results indicated that Theo reduced the BLM-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, together with significant amelioration of the immunohistochemical and histopathological architecture in the lung tissues. It was concluded that the administration of Theo had a positive effect on the GSH level, and activation of NF-κB and IL-6 expression, which were significant proinflammatory markers in the BLM-treated rats.

Effects of water regulation on biosynthesis of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus / 中国中药杂志

The effects of water regulation on the biosynthesis of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in 2-year-old Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus were studied,and the mechanism was explained from the aspects of key enzyme gene expression and antioxidant enzyme system. The content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside was determined by HPLC,and the expression levels of six key enzyme genes( PAL,4 CL,CHS,CHI,IFS,13'H) in the synthesis pathway were analyzed by q RT-PCR. The activities of protective enzymes and contents of osmoregulation substances and malondialdehyde were also determined. In the water deficit group,the maximum concentration of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside was 0. 49 mg·g-1 on the 24 th day of treatment. In the whole water regulation,the water deficit group outweighed the water adequate group in osmoregulation substance and MDA contents. The activities of A. membranaceus var.mongholicus antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,and CAT increased during the initial period of water regulation,but decreased with time.The expression of PAL,CHS,and 13'H in the water deficit group was at a low level,and the 4 CL had active expression,slightly lower than that in the water adequate group. The expression of CHI and IFS elevated rapidly when water deficit occurred. Correlation analysis showed that the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside was positively correlated with CHI expression( P<0. 01) and IFS expression( P<0. 05). Therefore,water regulation can change the accumulation pattern of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,and water deficit may be an effective way to increase its content. CHI and IFS are the key genes in response to water deficit.

Salsola imbricata Forssk. ameliorates acetic acid-induced inflammatory bowel disease by modulating dysregulated antioxidant enzyme system and cytokine signaling pathways in mice

@# Objective: To explore the protective effect of the crude extract of Salsola imbricata against acetic acid-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice and its mechanism of action. Methods: Ethanolic crude extract of Salsola imbricata was characterized by HPLC. Salsola imbricata extract at different doses was administered and ulcerative colitis was induced by 200 μL, 7.5% acetic acid and macroscopic parameters were evaluated to assess the homeostatic condition of intestinal mucosa along with hematological and biochemical assays. The levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase 1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were determined in colon tissues. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were quantified by ELISA. The extent of tissue damage was assessed by histological analysis. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phytochemicals including quercetin, gallic acid, syringic acid, benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid in the crude extract. The crude extract of Salsola imbricata (300 and 500 mg/kg) markedly decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (P<0.01) and increased antioxidant activities of glutathione peroxidase 1 (P<0.001) and superoxide dismutase (P<0.001). Moreover, it decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly (P<0.001) and reduced the damage to the colon mucosa, promoting tissue healing and regeneration. Conclusions: Salsola imbricata extract restores the colonic epithelial layers by maintaining mucosal homeostasis and cell integrity by modulating antioxidant defense system and inflammatory cytokine signaling in ulcerative colitis mice.

Antioxidant activities of 10 active compounds from Clematis filamentosa Dunn. and their protective effects on H / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effects of the 10 compounds from Clematis filamentosa Dunn, on H

Estrés oxidativo e ingesta de Passiflora edulis en voleibolistas hombres / Oxidative stress and intake of Passiflora edulis in men's volleyball players

Introducción: El estrés oxidativo, puede disminuir el rendimiento deportivo, generando una posible sobrecarga muscular. Una adecuada alimentación contribuye a disminuir los productos derivados del estrés oxidativo; un alimento antiestrés oxidativo es el fruto de la Passiflora edulis, ya que se ha comprobado in-vitro su alto contenido polifenólico. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del consumo de Passiflora edulis sobre marcadores de estrés oxidativo en voleibolistas durante un microciclo de choque. Metodología: Voluntariamente participaron 14 voleibolistas; aleatoriamente fueron divididos en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo placebo (GP), ambos grupos entraron al microciclo de choque. Durante los siete días del microciclo, GE consumió 2 ml/día de zumo de Passiflora edulis (1mg/ml) y GP recibió 2 ml de placebo. Se tomaron 4 muestras sanguíneas durante los días 1(D1), 4(D4), 7(D7) y 14(D14). Se determinó catalasa (CAT), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Resultados: Durante el microciclo, SOD incremento en ambos grupos, en D4 con respecto al D1, y disminuyó del D14 con respecto al D7 ambos significativamente. La CAT no presentó diferencias estadísticas entre los días evaluados. Las diferencias estadísticas con respecto a TBARS únicamente se presentaron en GE y fueron en el incremento del D4 con respecto al D1, y en el descenso del D14 con respecto al D7. No hubo diferencias significativas al comparar las mediciones realizadas entre el GE y el GP. Conclusión: No se encontró efecto significativo del consumo de P. edulis sobre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo evaluados, es necesario evaluar diferentes concentraciones del zumo.

Introduction: Oxidative stress can decrease sports performance, generating a possible muscle overload. An adequate diet contributes to reducing the products derived from oxidative stress; an oxidative anti-stress food is the fruit of Passiflora edulis, as has been verified in-vitro its high polyphenolic content. Objective: to determine the effect of Passiflora edulis consumption on oxidative stress markers in volleyball players during a shock microcycle. Methodology: 14 volleyball players participated voluntarily; They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a placebo group (PG), both groups entered the shock microcycle. During the seven days of the microcycle, GE consumed 2 ml / day of Passiflora edulis juice (1mg/ml) and PG received 2 ml of placebo. Four blood samples were taken on days 1(D1), 4(D4), 7(D7) and 14(D14). Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined. Results: During the microcycle, SOD increased in both groups, in D4 compared to D1, and decreased significantly in D14 compared to D7. The CAT did not present statistical differences between the days evaluated. The statistical differences with respect to TBARS only appeared in GE and were in the increase of D4 with respect to D1, and in the decrease of D14 with respect to D7. There were no significant differences when comparing the measurements made between the EG and the GP. Conclusion: No significant effect of the consumption of Passiflora edulis was found on the oxidative stress markers evaluated, it is necessary to evaluate different concentrations of the juice.

Inoculation of corn seeds with Azospirillum brasilense in different temperatures / Inoculation of corn seeds with Azospirillum brasilense in different temperatures

Growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, used as an inoculant in corn culture, can be severely affected by the exposure temperature, with a lethal effect above 35°C, when cultivated alone under laboratory conditions. Such effects may limit the associative interaction between plant-bacteria, with reduced inoculation efficiency, resulting in a lower growth rate of the plant and an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of the inoculation process with A. brasilense in seeds and in the initial growth of seedlings of two corn cultivars submitted to different temperatures. Were utilized corn hybrids seed Syn 488 and Syn 505. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (with and without inoculation of A. brasilense x 4 sowing temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 35ºC), with four replications. The inoculation efficiency in corn seedlings submitted to different temperatures was evaluated through the following tests: germination, first count, seedling length and dry weight. In addition, responses at the biochemical level of the interaction (temperatures x inoculation) for the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The inoculation with A. brasilense changed the morphological and biochemical responses of corn see

Growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, used as an inoculant in corn culture, can be severely affected by the exposure temperature, with a lethal effect above 35°C, when cultivated alone under laboratory conditions. Such effects may limit the associative interaction between plant-bacteria, with reduced inoculation efficiency, resulting in a lower growth rate of the plant and an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of the inoculation process with A. brasilense in seeds and in the initial growth of seedlings of two corn cultivars submitted to different temperatures. Were utilized corn hybrids seed Syn 488 and Syn 505. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (with and without inoculation of A. brasilense x 4 sowing temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 35ºC), with four replications. The inoculation efficiency in corn seedlings submitted to different temperatures was evaluated through the following tests: germination, first count, seedling length and dry weight. In addition, responses at the biochemical level of the interaction (temperatures x inoculation) for the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The inoculation with A. brasilense changed the morphological and biochemical responses of corn see

Effect of Seminal Zinc, Calcium, Oxidative Stress and Protein Profile on Semen Quality of Crossbred Bulls

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of endogenous minerals (Zn and Ca), seminal proteins and oxidative stress on semen quality of crossbred bulls. Two crossbred bulls with history of good initial quality, high sperm motility percentage, and freezable ejaculates and poor initial quality, low sperm motility percentage, and donating mostly non-freezable ejaculates (Bull B), respectively were utilized. Six ejaculates from each bull were used and categorized into high progressive motile as good quality and low progressive motile as poor quality ejaculates groups. Total 24 ejaculates were taken during entire period of study. The level of Zn, Ca in seminal plasma and Ca in sperm pellets was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in good quality ejaculates of Bull A compared to poor quality ejaculates of Bull B; however, the level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde was significantly higher (P<0.05) in poor quality ejaculates of Bull B compare to good quality ejaculate of Bull A. The 25 kDa protein band was prominent only in good quality ejaculate of Bull A. It was concluded that several proteinaceous antioxidant enzymes which may be present in 25 kDa band and minerals like Zn and Ca as a cofactors of these enzymes could be responsible for good quality semen ejaculates of Bull A

Contrasting the expression pattern change of polyamine oxidase genes and photosynthetic efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under drought stress

The aim of this study was to contrast the effects of drought stress on polyamine oxidases gene expression andactivity as well as photosynthetic efficiency in relatively tolerant (Karoon) and sensitive (260) maize genotype.d Reduction in leaf relative water content as a result of drought led to increase in root growth, butdiminished shoot growth indices. Under drought stress, activity of antioxidant enzyme, catalase, significantlyincreased in both genotypes, whereas significant higher activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase wasonly observed in Karoon genotype. Expression of polyamine oxidase (PAO) genes (zmPAO1, zmPAO2,zmPAO3, zmPAO4, zmPAO5, zmPAO6) and activity of enzymatic polyamine oxidation was increased in bothgenotypes under drought stress. The enhancement in PAO gene expression and enzyme activity was moreprominent in Karoon cultivar compared to 260. Chlorophyll a fluorescence and fast induction kinetics werenegatively influenced by drought stress. These parameters were more affected in 260 cultivar compared withKaroon. Our results suggest that under drought stress, higher activity of polyamine oxidase pathway in backconversion of Spermine and spermidine to putrescine (protectant of photosynthetic apparatus) as well as higherantioxidant enzymes activity in Karoon cultivar, may play a role in higher efficiency of photosynthetic processin this cultivar