Influence of self-efficiency beliefs on the health and well-being of university students in COVID-19 / Influencia de las creencias de autoeficiencia en la salud y el bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios en COVID-19 / Influência das crenças de autoeficácia na saúde e bem-estar de estudantes universitários na COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze general self-efficacy beliefs in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlation with psychological well-being and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with nursing, medicine and psychology students from a higher education institution in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of 329 students and data collection took place through a questionnaire and scales, from August to December 2020. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for analysis of the variables. Results: Participants' self-efficacy was median (34.3±7.5). Higher self-efficacy scores were correlated with better psychological well-being (p<0.001; r= -0.582) and absence of anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive (p<0.001) symptoms. Conclusion: High self-efficacy beliefs were associated with better mental health outcomes. Strengthening self-efficacy in universities can help improve students' health behaviors and prevent mental illness.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las creencias generales de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su correlación con el bienestar psicológico y la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y psicología de una institución de enseñanza superior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La muestra estuvo conformada por 329 estudiantes y la recolección de datos se realizó a través de cuestionario y escalas, de agosto a diciembre de 2020. Para el análisis de las variables se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La autoeficacia de los participantes fue mediana (34,3±7,5). Las puntuaciones más altas de autoeficacia se correlacionaron con un mejor bienestar psicológico (p<0,001; r= -0,582) y ausencia de síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001) y depresivos (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las creencias de alta autoeficacia se asociaron con mejores resultados de salud mental. Fortalecer la autoeficacia en las universidades puede ayudar a mejorar los comportamientos de salud de los estudiantes y prevenir enfermedades mentales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as crenças de autoeficácia geral em universitários, durante a pandemia da covid-19 e sua correlação com bem-estar psicológico e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e psicologia de instituição de ensino superior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostra foi de 329 estudantes e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário e escalas, de agosto a dezembro de 2020.Utilizaram-se o teste Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para análise das variáveis. Resultados: A autoeficácia dos participantes foi mediana (34,3±7,5). Maiores escores de autoeficácia foram correlacionados a melhor estado de bem-estar psicológico (p<0,001; r= -0,582) e ausência de sintomas ansiosos (p<0,001) e depressivos (p<0,001). Conclusão: Crenças elevadas de autoeficácia foram associadas a melhores desfechos em saúde mental. O fortalecimento da autoeficácia nas universidades pode ajudar a melhorar os comportamentos de saúde dos estudantes e prevenir doenças mentais.

The association between maternal fears about their infant/toddler during the COVID-19 pandemic and depression and anxiety: a birth cohort study

Objective: To assess the association between maternal fears about their infant/toddler and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In 2019, all mothers who gave birth in hospitals in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil were asked to respond to a standardized questionnaire (baseline). We followed them between May-June 2020 (first follow-up point), August-December 2020 (second follow-up point), and from October 2021 to March 2022 (third follow-up point), and asked them if they were: (1) afraid that their infant/toddler would become infected with COVID or get sick (yes/no), (2) afraid that they would contaminate their own child with COVID, and/or (3) worried about the pandemic's effects on their child's future. At baseline and at all follow-up points, we assessed depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, creating symptom trajectories using group-based trajectory modelling. We used multinomial logistic regression to calculate adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR). Results: A total of 1,296 mothers participated. Worrying about the pandemic's effects on their child's future and the fear of contaminating their own child with COVID-19 increased the risk of raising depressive symptoms to a clinical level (RRR = 4.97, 95%CI 2.32-10.64 and RRR = 3.87, 95%CI 1.58-9.47, respectively) and anxiety to a moderate level (RRR = 2.91, 95%CI 1.69-5.01 and RRR = 1.86, 95%CI 1.03-3.35, respectively). Conclusion: Fear for their children increased maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic.

Impacto de la COVID-19 sobre la salud mental en Uruguay / Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Uruguay

Introducción. Los antecedentes de cuarentenas han señalado impactos en el corto y largo plazo en la salud mental. Objetivo. Describir las repercusiones generadas en el área de la salud mental en la población uruguaya mayor de 18 años, de las variables ansiedad, tristeza y dificultades para conciliar el sueño, en el periodo comprendido entre el 13 de marzo de 2020 al 10 de junio de 2021. Metodología. Estudio transversal analítico. Se aplicó una encuesta web, auto-administrada. Se analizaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales y sus intervalos de confianza (95 %). Se estimaron modelos logísticos binarios para las variables dicotómicas y modelos logísticos multinomiales para «dificultad para conciliar el sueño¼. Resultados. En relación a los elementos de ansiedad, 27,1 % (IC 95 % 24,8-29,3) y 31,0 % (IC 95 % 28-33,3) respondieron sentirse ansiosos en el primer y segundo corte, respectivamente. El 19,9 % (IC 95 % 17,6 - 21,7) en el primer corte, mientras que el 31,4 % (IC 95 % 20,06-33,89) lo confirmaron en el segundo. El nivel educativo medio se asoció con la presencia de ansiedad (p < 0,001), mientras el bajo se asoció con tristeza (p = 0,005). Se observó un efecto protector en hogares con más de cinco miembros para la variable tristeza con un OR de 0,41 (IC 95 % 0,22 - 0,75). Se encontró relación entre el género femenino y la presencia de ansiedad y tristeza. Los niveles educativos medio y alto se vieron relacionados con la presencia de ansiedad y la tristeza se asoció con el desempleo. Los trastornos del sueño se asociaron al género femenino, desempleo y enfermedades no transmisibles. Conclusión. Los trastornos de ansiedad, la afectación del sueño y los sentimientos de tristeza fueron prevalentes, las familias de mayor número de miembros tuvieron un efecto protector sobre estas manifestaciones

Introduction. The history of quarantines has pointed out impacts in the short and long term on mental health. Objective: Within the framework of the measures decreed to reduce the transmissibility of SarS-Cov2, we propose to analyze the repercussions on the mental health of the Uruguayan population. Methodology. Analytical design. Application of a self-administered web survey. Absolute and relative percentage frequencies and their confidence intervals (95 %) were analyzed. Binary logistic models were estimated for dichotomous variables and multinomial logistic models for «difficulty falling asleep¼. Results. Regarding anxiety elements, 27.1 % (95 % CI, 24.8-29.3) and 31.0 % (95 % CI, 28-33.3) responded feeling anxious in the first and second cut-off, respectively. 19.9 % (95 % CI, 17.6-21.7) and 31.4 % (95 % CI, 20.06-33.89) reported feeling sad in the first and second cut-off. Medium educational level was associated with the presence of anxiety (p < 0.001), while low educational level was associated with sadness (p = 0.005). A protective effect was observed in households with more than five members for the sadness variable with an OR of 0.41 (95 % CI, 0.22-0.75). Female gender was related to the presence of anxiety and sadness. Medium and high educational levels were related to the presence of anxiety and sadness was associated with unemployment. Sleep disorders were associated with female gender, unemployment and non-communicable diseases. Conclusion. The impact on mental health was unequal, especially affecting women from middle socio-educational sectors, between 35 and 59 years of age

Positive Orientation and Psychological Distress: An Examination with Psychiatric Outpatients

@#Introduction: This research was conducted to extend the theoretical construct of positive orientation (PO) to psychiatric outpatients. This research also examined the effect of PO on alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among psychiatric outpatients. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 301 psychiatric outpatients online. As these respondents have a short attention span, short measures were used to measure PO-related variables (life satisfaction, optimism, self-esteem) and indicators of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). These outpatients are at the legal age to provide consent for themselves (M = 30.12, SD= 8.11). The majority of them have been identified as male (80.07%). Similarly, the ethnic distribution was unequal, with the majority of these outpatients identified as Malay (85.05%), followed by those who were identified as Chinese (7.31%), Indian (4.32%), and from other ethnic groups (3.32%). Results: Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) supported that satisfaction with life, optimism, and self-esteem reflect the construct of PO. Furthermore, PO predicted depression, anxiety, and depression negatively. Conclusion: It is possible to replicate the construct of PO with psychiatric outpatients using single item measures for life satisfaction, optimism, and self-esteem. PO is beneficial to psychiatric outpatients as it reduces the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Malaysia Tertiary Referral Hospital

@#Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is not only a cosmetic nuisance but is also associated with a significant impact on mental health and quality of life. Psychological symptoms are highly related to poor treatment adherence and recovery, more comorbidities, and a significant overall socioeconomic burden. Identifying the factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with AD is important to modify and reduce the risk of developing these psychiatric complications. Methods: This was correlational research conducted in the dermatology clinic of four hospitals in Klang Valley, namely Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Hospital Selayang, and Hospital Ampang. By using a purposive sampling method, 128 samples (n=128) of adult patients with AD aged 18-65 were included. A questionnaire was administered regarding sociodemographic background, illness characteristics of AD, the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Malay version of the Automatic Thought Questionnaire-17, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adult patients with AD is 31.3% and 46.9% respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age and personal maladjustment (PM) predict anxiety symptoms, while only negative self-concept/expectation (NSNE) predicts depressive symptoms. The hierarchical logistic regression model explained 51% (Nagelkerke’s R2) of the variance in anxiety symptoms and 56% (Nagelkerke’s R2) of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: There is a high proportion of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adult patients with AD which is associated with negative automatic thoughts. In the management of adult patients with AD, clinicians should consider mental health symptom screening and monitoring.

Clinical Effect of Tiaoxin Formula in Treatment of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Anxiety/Depression and Its Impact on Serum 5-HT， β-TG and MPO Levels / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of Tiaoxin formula in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and anxiety/depression and its impact on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， β- thromboglobulin （β-TG） and myeloperoxidase （MPO）. MethodA total of 66 patients with coronary heart disease and anxiety/depression were randomly divided into the Tiaoxin formula group and Deanxit group， 33 cases in each group. Both groups were given fundamental western treatment for coronary heart disease. Additionally， the Deanxit group was treated with flupentixol and melitracen tablets and the Tiaoxin formula group was treated with Tiaoxin Formula. The treatment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after treatment， the changes of clinical efficacy， Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-9）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder （GAD-7） scale， Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ）， heart rate variability， and serum 5-HT， β-TG and MPO levels， and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. ResultThere was no significant difference in the baseline indexes of patients in the two groups， and thus the two groups were comparable. After treatment for 8 weeks， the total effective rate for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in the Tiaoxin Formula group was 87.88% （29/33） higher than 63.64% （21/33） in the Deanxit group （Z=-2.653， P<0.05）. Compared with those before treatment， the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the two groups were decreased at week 4 and 8 of treatment （P<0.05）， and there was no statistical difference between two groups. And the SAQ dimension scores of the two groups were increased at week 4 and 8 of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with the Deanxit group， the Tiaoxin Formula group had elevation in two dimension scores： Physical limitation and angina stability （P<0.05）. Compared with the conditions before treatment， the serum 5-HT level in the two groups were increased， while the β-TG and MPO levels were lowered （P<0.05）， and there was no distinct difference between two groups. In addition， the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals （SDNN） and standard deviation of average normal-to-normal intervals （SDANN） of the heart rate variability in the Tiaoxin formula group were elevated after treatment （P<0.05）， which were more significant than those of the Deanxit group （P<0.05）. During the treatment period， the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the Tiaoxin formula group was lower than that in the Deanxit group （P<0.05）， and no adverse events were observed in the two groups. ConclusionTiaoxin formula was effective for the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease accompanied by anxiety and depression， which improved the clinical symptoms， increased serum 5-HT levels， and decreased serum β-TG and MPO levels， and had few adverse reactions and high safety for patients， showing a high clinical value.

Dor crônica relacionadaa ansiedade e depressão de pacientes com diabetes mellitus / Chronic pain related toanxiety and depression of patients with diabetes mellitus / Dolor crónico relacionado conansiedad y depresión enpacientes con diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: Relacionar a dor crônica a depressão e ansiedade de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus. Método: Estudo transversal, amostra n=50, avaliou a dor crônica pela escala numérica de dor, identificou o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem Dor crônica da Taxonomia da NANDA,e Ansiedade e Depressão foi avaliada pela Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão). Resultados:A prevalência de ansiedade foi de 36,0% e 32,0% dedepressão, acometeu mulheres entre 60 e 69 anos. A relação entre intensidade de dor foi moderada, em ambos que tinham ansiedade ou depressão. Identificou as características definidoras do Diagnósticos de Enfermagem Dor Crônica: Alteração da capacidade em continuar atividades prévias, 61,1% tinham ansiedade e 56,3% apresentaram depressão; Alteração no padrão de sono, 72,2% com ansiedade e 56,3% com depressão; Autorrelato usando escala padronizada de dor, 98,0% tinham ansiedade e depressão respectivamente. Os Fatores Relacionados do Diagnósticos de Enfermagem 88,9% com Aumento de IMC tinham ansiedade e 93,8% com depressão; Alteração no padrão de sono 72,2% com ansiedade e 56,3% depressão; 92% com Idade ≥50 anos 93,8% com ansiedade e 88,9% com depressão. Conclusão:As mulheres tinham dor crônica de intensidade moderada e foi relacionado a ansiedade e a depressão.

Method:Cross-sectional study, sample n=50, assessed chronic pain using the numerical pain scale, identified the Nursing Diagnoses Chronic pain from the NANDA Taxonomy, Anxiety and Depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results:The prevalence of anxiety was 36.0% and 32.0% of depression, affecting women between 60 and 69 years old. The relationship between pain intensity was moderate, in both those who had anxiety or depression. Identified the defining characteristics of the Chronic Pain Nursing Diagnosis: Change in the ability to continue previous activities, 61.1% had anxiety and 56.3% had depression; Change in sleep pattern, 72.2% with anxiety and 56.3% with depression; Self-reported using a standardized pain scale, 98.0% had anxiety and depression respectively. Related Factors of Nursing Diagnoses 88.9% with increased BMI had anxiety and 93.8% with depression; Change in sleep pattern 72.2% with anxiety and 56.3% depression; 92% aged ≥50 years, 93.8% with anxiety and 88.9% with depression. Conclusion: Women had chronic pain of moderate intensity and it was related to anxiety and depression.

Objetivo: Relacionar el dolor crónica con la depresión y la ansiedad de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus. Método:Estudio transversal, muestra n=50, se evaluó el dolor crónico mediante la escala numérica de dolor, se identificaron los Diagnósticos de Enfermería El dolor crónico de la Taxonomía NANDA, la Ansiedad y Depresión se evaluó mediante la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión. Resultados:La prevalencia de ansiedad fue de 36,0% y de depresión de 32,0%, afectando a mujeres entre 60 y 69 años. La relación entre la intensidad del dolor fue moderada, tanto en los que presentaban ansiedad como en los que presentaban depresión. Se identificaron las características definitorias del Diagnóstico de Enfermería del Dolor Crónico: Cambio en la capacidad de continuar actividades anteriores, el 61,1% presentó ansiedad y el 56,3% presentó depresión; Cambio en el patrón de sueño, 72,2% con ansiedad y 56,3% con depresión; Autoinformados mediante una escala de dolor estandarizada, el 98,0% tenía ansiedad y depresión respectivamente. Factores Relacionados con el Diagnóstico de Enfermería el 88,9% con IMC elevado presentó ansiedad y el 93,8% depresión; Cambio en el patrón de sueño 72,2% con ansiedad y 56,3% depresión; 92% con edad ≥50 años, 93,8% con ansiedad y 88,9% con depresión. Conclusión:Las mujeres presentaron dolor crónico de intensidad moderada y se relacionó con ansiedad y depresión.

Satisfação, ansiedade e depressão entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem / Satisfaction, anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students / Satisfacción, ansiedad y depresión entre estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería

Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre a satisfação com a experiência acadêmica e ansiedade e depressão entre estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 205 estudantes de uma universidade pública. Para coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: instrumento de avaliação sociodemográfica, a Escala de Satisfação com a Experiência Acadêmica, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. As análises foram realizadas por meio de estatística descritiva, teste de Kruskal Wallis e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: os acadêmicos apresentaram-se indiferentes nos domínios satisfação com o curso, oportunidade de desenvolvimento e satisfação com a instituição. Observou-se correlação fraca entre as dimensões satisfação com o curso e oportunidade de desenvolvimento com os níveis de depressão e ansiedade. Conclusão: identificou-se depressão moderada e grave, bem como, nível médio de ansiedade entre os estudantes. Tais variáveis estão correlacionadas com a satisfação acadêmica.

Objective: to analyze the correlation between satisfaction with academic experience and anxiety and depression among nursing students. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out with 205 students from a public university. For data collection, the following were applied: a sociodemographic assessment instrument, the Satisfaction with Academic Experience Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman correlation. Results: the academics were indifferent in the domains satisfaction with the course, opportunity for development and satisfaction with the institution. There was a weak correlation between the dimensions satisfaction with the course and opportunity for development with levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: moderate and severe depression was identified, as well as an average level of anxiety among students. Such variables are correlated with academic satisfaction.

Objetivo: analizar la correlación entre la satisfacción con la experiencia académica y la ansiedad y depresión entre estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado junto a 205 estudiantes de una universidad pública. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicaron: un instrumento de evaluación sociodemográfica, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Experiencia Académica, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo. Los análisis se realizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba de Kruskal Wallis y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: los académicos se mostraron indiferentes en los dominios satisfacción con el curso, oportunidad de desarrollo y satisfacción con la institución. Hubo una débil correlación entre las dimensiones 'satisfacción con el curso' y 'oportunidad de desarrollo' con los niveles de depresión y ansiedad. Conclusión: se identificó depresión moderada y severa, así como un nivel medio de ansiedad entre los estudiantes. Dichas variables se correlacionan con la satisfacción académica.

Manifestação de sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia de covid-19 e associações com a prática de atividades físicas e fatores sociodemográficos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Manifestation of symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemy and associations with the practice of physical activities and socio-demographic factors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Manifestación de síntomas que sugeren ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia covid-19 y asociaciones con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores socio demográficos en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores sociodemográficos e da prática de atividade física com sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão em adultos durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, com 1.019 participantes adultos residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado através de uma amostragem bola de neve. Resultados: sintomas de ansiedade estavam associados ao sexo feminino, em adultas jovens, com o ato de limpar/arrumar a residência e à inatividade física. Os sintomas de depressão associaram-se ao sexo feminino, à divisão da casa com outras pessoas que não eram familiares, grau de escolaridade, renda e à inatividade física. Conclusão: fatores sociodemográficos e a inatividade física estão associados com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sociodemographic factors and the practice of physical activity with symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with 1,019 adult participants residing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil carried out through a snowball sampling technique. Results: Anxiety symptoms were associated with being female, being young adults, cleaning/tidying the house, and physical inactivity. Depression symptoms were associated with female gender, sharing the house with other people who were not family members, level of education, income and physical inactivity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, durante la pandemia COVID-19, con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal con 1.019 participantes adultos residentes en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado a través de un muestreo de bola de nieve. Resultados: Síntomas de ansiedad asociados con mujeres, adultos jóvenes, con el acto de limpiar / ordenar la casa e inactividad física. Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con el género femenino, compartir la casa con otras personas que no eran familiares, nivel de educación, ingresos e inactividad física. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y la inactividad física se asocian con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión durante una pandemia de COVID-19.

Depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de estudantes de universidades pública e privada / Depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life of students from public and private universities / Depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida para estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas

INTRODUÇÃO: Variáveis como depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida oferecem indicativos de saúde e doença de jovens, estudantes em fase de formação profissional, uma vez que representam quatro das dez principais causas de incapacidade no mundo. OBJETIVO GERAL: Avaliar e correlacionar a presença de sinais e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de universitários de duas instituições, sendo uma pública e outra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico; b) Avaliar sintomas de depressão, sinais de ansiedade e estresse e qualidade de vida geral; c) correlacionar as variáveis qualidade de vida, sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de cunho quantitativo. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de dados socioeconômicos e culturais; WHOQOL Breve e EADS ­ Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente com auxílio do Programa SPSS­ versão 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 570 Universitários, 344 estudantes da Instituição Privada e 226 da Instituição Pública, dos gêneros feminino e masculino, entre 16 e 55 anos. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença significativa na qualidade de vida nos domínios Psicológico e Social de ambas as Instituições. Os domínios mais afetados, ou seja, aquele, em que os universitários encontram mais prejuízo é no que se referem ao domínio Físico e Meio Ambiente de ambas as Instituições. CONCLUSÃO: Assim sendo, observa-se que os estudantes obtiveram um grau leve de estresse, depressão e ansiedade em ambas as instituições. Ao correlacionar os domínios de qualidade de vida e as variáveis: ansiedade, depressão e estresse, observou-se que quanto maior a depressão, menor a qualidade de vida nos domínios psicológico e ambiental. A partir dos resultados, sugerem-se estudos mais aprofundados.

INTRODUCTION: Variables such as depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life offer indicators of health and illness in young students undergoing professional training, as they represent four of the ten main causes of disability in the world. General. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the correlation of the presence of signs and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life of university students from two institutions, one public, and one private. OBJECTIVES: a) Characterize the socio-demographic profile; b) Assess symptoms of depression, signs of anxiety and stress, assess general quality of life; c) correlate the variables quality of life, signs, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. METHOD: Quantitative research. The following instruments were used for data collection: socioeconomic and cultural data questionnaire; Brief WHOQOL and EADS ­ Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Data were statistically evaluated using the SPSS Program ­ version 2.0 for Windows. RESULTS: 570 university students, 344 students from private and 226 from the public, male and female, aged between 16 and 55, participated in the research. The results revealed no significant difference in the quality of life in both institutions' Psychological and Social domains. The most affected domains, that is, the ones in which university students find the most damage, are related to both institutions' physical and Environmental domains. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is observed that students obtained a mild degree of stress, depression, and anxiety in both institutions. When correlating the domains of quality of life and the variables: anxiety, depression, and stress, it was observed that the greater the depression, the lower the quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains. From the results, further studies are suggested

NTRODUCCIÓN: Variables como depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida ofrecen indicadores de salud y enfermedad en jóvenes estudiantes en formación profesional, ya que representan cuatro de las diez principales causas de discapacidad en el mundo. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Evaluar y correlacionar la presencia de signos y síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios de dos instituciones, una pública y otra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico; b) Evaluar síntomas de depresión, signos de ansiedad y estrés y calidad de vida en general; c) correlacionar las variables calidad de vida, signos y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. MÉTODO: Investigación cuantitativa. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario de datos socioeconómicos y culturales; Los datos breves de WHOQOL y EADS - Depresión, Ansiedad and Escala de Estrés se evaluaron estadísticamente utilizando el programa SPSS - versión 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: La encuesta incluyó a 570 estudiantes universitarios, 344 estudiantes de la Institución Privada y 226 de la Institución Pública, hombres y mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 55 años. Los resultados revelaron que no hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida en los dominios Psicológico y Social de ambas instituciones. Los dominios más afectados, es decir, aquél en el que los estudiantes universitarios encuentran más daño está relacionado con el dominio Físico y Ambiental de ambas Instituciones. CONCLUSIÓN: Por lo tanto, se observa que los estudiantes obtuvieron un grado leve de estrés, depresión y ansiedad en ambas instituciones. Al correlacionar los dominios de calidad de vida y las variables: ansiedad, depresión y estrés, se observó que, a mayor depresión, menor calidad de vida en los dominios psicológico y ambiental. A partir de los resultados, se sugieren más estudios.

The Prevalence of Burnout and Its Predictors among Pharmacists Working in Government Hospitals in Selangor

@#Introduction: To determine the prevalence and predictors of burnout (personal, work-related and client-related) among pharmacists in government hospitals in Selangor. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacists working in five government hospitals in Selangor. The data was collected via email using Google form containing self-administered questionnaires. Frequency and percentage of variables were obtained using descriptive statistics. Chi square was utilized to identify the relationship between factors. The significant predictors were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of burnout among pharmacist was reported as 52.9% (Personal), 66.0% (Work-related) and 47.1% (Client-related). The significant predictors of personal burnout were gender (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.89), working hours per week (AOR 2.92, 95% CI 1.60 to 5.32), job satisfaction (AOR 13.00, 95% CI 3.37 to 50.16) and depression (AOR 3.33, 95% CI 1.98 to 5.61). The significant predictors of work-related burnout for male was from work stress (AOR 9.10, 95% CI 3.12 to 26.60) and anxiety (AOR 5.91, 95% CI 2.03 to 17.25) while for female was from anxiety (AOR 5.91, 95% CI 2.86 to 12.23) and self-esteem (AOR 5.88, 95% CI 1.68 to 20.56). For client-related burnout, working hours per week (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.28), job satisfaction (AOR 3.91, 95 % CI 1.49 to 10.27) and anxiety (AOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.32) were the significant predictors. Conclusion: Burnout among pharmacists is crucial to be brought to highlight and it is necessary to perform appropriate interventions for managing the burnout.

The prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression amongst essential workers during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Background: Essential workers are imperative in the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Aim: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Setting: This study was set in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving essential workers in Ekiti State Nigeria, during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. A total of 588 essential workers were sampled. Online socio-demographic variables and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a 14 item self-reported questionnaire were used. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the respondents was 93.4% (CI = 91.2­95.2) and 64.3% (CI = 60.4­68.4) respectively. Among the health workers, the prevalence of anxiety and depression were 96.5% (CI =94.8­98.1) and 66.5% (CI = 60.5­69.8) respectively while the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among non- health workers were 84.6% (CI = 78.7­90.1) and 61.5% (CI = 54.2­69.4) respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of depressive symptoms was increased among, respondents who were not satisfied with the support they received from the government during the pandemic (AOR = 2.071, CI = 1.350­2.213), respondents that were 35 years and younger (AOR = 1.512, CI = 1.033­2.213) and reduced amongst Christians (AOR = 0.501, CI = 0.286­0.879). The odd of anxiety was increased among health workers compared to non-health workers (AOR = 3.700, CI = 1.744­7.851) and the odds of anxiety was reduced among respondents with previous history of mental illness (AOR = 0.215, CI = 0.049­0.943). Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were common mental illness among essential workers working during the COVID-19 lockdown, therefore their mental health should be adequately considered to sustain the fight against the virus.

Ansiedade social e comorbidades em professores do ensino superior / Social anxiety and comorbidities in higher education teachers / Ansiedad social y comorbilidades en profesores de enseñanza superior

Introdução: As transformações no ensino podem ocasionar prejuízos à saúde mental do professor. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a presença do transtorno de ansiedade social e comorbidades em professores de ensino superior. Método: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e correlacional. Participaram 50 professores, sendo 58% mulheres com idade média de 35 anos. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Questionário de Ansiedade Social para Adultos (CASO) e a Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados: Foi identificado repertório deficitário nos fatores Expressão Assertiva de Incômodo, Desagrado ou Tédio (16%), Interação com Pessoas Desconhecidas (2%), Estar em Evidência e Fazer Papel de Ridículo (2%). Evidenciaram-se sintomas moderados, severos e extremamente severos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Discussão: Foram identificadas variáveis prejudiciais ao desempenho dos professores e à interação com os alunos. Conclusões: Estudar a saúde mental dos professores pode contribuir para o seu bem-estar e qualidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem.

Introduction: Changes in teaching can harm the teacher's mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of social anxiety disorder and comorbidities in higher education teachers. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study. Fifty teachers participated, being 58% women with an average age of 35 years. The instruments used were: Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (CASO) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: A deficient repertoire was identified in the factors Assertive Expression of Discomfort, Displeasure or Boredom (16%), Interaction with Strangers (2%), Being in Evidence and Playing Ridiculous (2%). Moderate, severe and extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were found. Discussion: Variables detrimental to teacher performance and student interaction were identified. Conclusions: Studying teachers mental health can contribute to their well-being and the quality of the teaching-learning process.

Introducción: Los cambios en la enseñanza pueden dañar la salud mental del maestro. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la presencia de trastorno de ansiedad social y comorbilidades en los docentes de educación superior. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Participaron cincuenta docentes, siendo 58% mujeres con una edad promedio de 35 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario de Ansiedad Social para Adultos (CASO) y Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados: Se identificó un repertorio deficiente en los factores Expresión Asertiva de Incomodidad, Disgusto o Aburrimiento (16%), Interacción con Extraños (2%), Estar en Evidencia y Hacer el Ridículo (2%). Se encontraron síntomas moderados, severos y extremadamente severos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Discusión: Se identificaron variables perjudiciales para el desempeño del maestro y la interacción del alumno. Conclusiones: Estudiar la salud mental de los docentes puede contribuir a su bienestar y a la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Índices de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes de enfermagem e medicina do Acre / Rates of depression, anxiety and stress among nursing students and medicine of Acre

INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente existe uma grande preocupação da sociedade, quanto ao aumento do número de estudantes com sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, principalmente dentro das universidades, devido a vários fatores e dentre eles destacam-se a sobrecarga de estudos e a necessidade de adoção de um novo estilo de vida. OBJETIVOS: O presente artigo buscou evidenciar índices de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes dos cursos de enfermagem e medicina de um centro universitário do Acre. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido junto a 80 alunos dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos estudantes pertenciam ao sexo feminino, eram solteiros, procedentes do Acre, residiam com outras pessoas, nunca tinham realizado psicoterapia e nem tratamento psiquiátrico. Também não faziam uso de medicamentos para melhorar o desempenho acadêmico. Quanto as médias de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre os acadêmicos avaliados, os do curso de enfermagem apresentaram a maior média de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade e os do curso de medicina mais sintomas de estresse. Quando comparados por semestres, os estudantes do primeiro semestre de enfermagem apresentaram mais sintomas depressão e ansiedade e os do oitavo semestre de medicina, apresentaram mais estresse. CONCLUSÃO: A saúde mental dos estudantes pode encontra-se em risco, o que evidencia a necessidade de implementação de um projeto político-pedagógico pela instituição de ensino, voltado para essa temática, apresentando estratégias para o enfrentamento dessa realidade, que vise o bem-estar dessa população.

INTRODUCTION: Currently there is a great concern of society, regarding the increase in the number of students with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, especially within universities, due to several factors and among them stand out the overload of studies and the need for the adoption of a new lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to evidence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among students of nursing and medical courses in a university center in Acre. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study developed with 80 students of medical and nursing courses. RESULTS: Most of the students were female, were single, from Acre, lived with other people, had never undergone psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment. Also, they did not use medications to improve academic performance. Concerning the mean symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among the students evaluated, those in the nursing course had the highest mean symptoms of depression and anxiety and those in the medical course plus stress symptoms. When compared by semesters, the students of the first semester of nursing presented more symptoms of depression and anxiety and those in the eighth semester of medicine presented more stress. CONCLUSIONS: The mental health of students may be at risk, which evidences the need to implement a political-pedagogical project by the educational institution, focused on this theme, presenting strategies to face this reality, aimed at the wellbeing of this population.

Dolor lumbar relacionada con la ansiedad y depresión en policías de una comisaria en Lima / Low Back Pain Related To Anxiety And Depression In Police Officers At A Police Station In Lima

Introducción. El dolor lumbar es un problema de salud pública el cual conlleva algún tipo de limitación funcional en el individuo afectando la calidad de vida del personal policial. Objetivo. Relacionar el dolor lumbar con la ansiedad y depresión en policías de una comisaría en Lima. Material y Métodos. Es una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptiva, transversal analítica y correlacional, se tuvo la participación de 110 participantes, el cual se obtuvo a través de un muestro probabilístico donde todos los participantes tuvieron la misma oportunidad de participar, fue llevado a cabo en la comisaria de Monserrat, se utilizó para medir el dolor lumbar una encuesta cuestionario para medir dolor lumbar en el personal policial ¨CDLPP¨" cuya confiabilidad fue de 0,914 alfa de crombach y para medir la ansiedad y depresión el test de Zung. Resultados. Se evidenció un 75,5% de policías que padecen dolor lumbar. Así mismo se evidencio una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la ansiedad y el dolor lumbar (p=0,028). Asimismo, no se evidenció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el dolor lumbar y la depresión (P > 0,05). Conclusión. El dolor lumbar se asocia a la depresión en los policías una comisaría en Lima. Así mismo un alto porcentaje de policías que padecen dolor lumbar, teniendo en consideración que es un problema de salud pública, el cual podría conllevar a futuro algún tipo de discapacidad afectando su calidad de vida.

Introduction. Low back pain is a public health problem which entails some type of functional limitation in the individual, affecting the quality of life of police personnel. Objective. Relate lumbar pain with anxiety and depression in police officers from a police station in Lima. Material and methods. It is a research with a quantitative, descriptive, analytical and correlational cross-sectional approach, with the participation of 110 participants, which was obtained through a probabilistic sample where all participants had the same opportunity to participate, it was carried out at the commissary from Monserrat, a questionnaire survey to measure lumbar pain in police personnel ¨CDLPP¨ was used to measure low back pain, whose reliability was 0.914 crombach alpha and the Zung test to measure anxiety and depression. Results. 75.5% of police officers were found to suffer from lumbar pain. Likewise, a statistically significant relationship was evidenced between anxiety and low back pain (p = 0.028). Likewise, no statistically significant association was found between low back pain and depression (P> 0.05). Conclusion. Low back pain is associated with depression in police officers at a police station in Lima. Likewise, a high percentage of policemen who suffer from low back pain, taking into account that it is a public health problem, which could lead to some type of disability in the future affecting their quality of life.

Baihe Dihuangtang Improves Hippocampal Neuron Damage in Anxious Depression Model Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the anti-anxious depression mechanism of Baihe Dihuangtang from the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome. Method:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， venlafaxine group （13.5 mg·kg^-1）， Baihe Dihuangtang high and low dose group （16，4 g·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Chronic restraint stress for 28 days （6 h） combined with subcutaneous injection of corticosterone （30 mg·kg^-1） was used to establish induce an anxious depression model. From the 8th day of modeling， the rats in the normal group and the model group received distilled water， and those in groups with drug intervention were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 21 days. Elevated plus maze and open field test were used to evaluate the behavioral changes of rats. Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum and hippocampal interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） levels. Western blot were used to detect the relative expression of hippocampal NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， and Caspase-1. The pathological changes of the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， the average fluorescence intensity of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 was detected by immunofluorescence. The ultrastructure of neurons was observed under electron microscopy. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced total entries （TE）， the ratio of open-arm entries （OE%）， the ratio of open-arm times （OT%）， and the autonomous activity score （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， significant anxiety and depression-like behaviors， increased levels of IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6， and IL-18 in the serum and hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， activated NLRP3 inflammasomes， and injured hippocampal neurons. Compared with the model group， the high-dose Baihe Dihuangtang group showed improved anxiety and depression-like behaviors （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and decreased levels of IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6， and IL-18 in the serum and hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and alleviated hippocampal neuron damage. Conclusion:Baihe Dihuangtang can improve neuronal damage in anxious depression by inhibiting the excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Anxiety and depression in junior high school students with myopia and their influencing factors in Zhoushan / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn anxiety and depression status in junior high school students with myopia in Zhoushan and their influencing factors,so as to provide reference for vision care and mental health intervention.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students from two junior high school in Zhoushan. A self-designed questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were employed to collect the demographic information,and to evaluate anxiety and depression status.The logistic regression analysis was used to select the influencing factors for anxiety and depression in myopia students.@*Results @#A total of 775 questionnaires were sent out and 766 valid ones were recovered,with an response rate of 98.84%. There were 662 students with myopia.The rates of anxiety,depression and the two combined in myopic students were 22.36%,25.38% and 14.35%,respectively.The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for anxiety of myopic students were females (OR=1.514,95%CI:1.054-2.183),the third grade (OR=2.246,95%CI:1.408-3.619),high myopia (OR=1.839,95%CI:1.126-3.017) and wearing glasses for two years or above (OR=2.504,95%CI:1.464-4.306); the risk factors for depression were females (OR=1.182,95%CI:1.253-2.536),above average of school record (OR:1.614-2.026,95%CI:1.034-3.153),high myopia (OR=2.284,95%CI:1.513-3.436) and wearing glasses for two years or above (OR=4.602,95%CI:2.035-10.372). @*Conclusions@#The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression are higher in junior high school students with myopia in Zhoushan. The students who are females,are in the third grade,have above average of school record,have high myopia and wearing glasses for two years or above are more likely to suffer from anxiety or depression.

Suicidality and its Relationship to Psychological and Sociodemographic Factors among Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Jordan

@#Introduction: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder causing severe social and occupational dysfunction leading to high risk of suicidal ideas and behaviours. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of suicidality and its relationship to psychological (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and sociodemographic factors among individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Jordan. Methods: this is a descriptive correlational study. Data was collected using self-reported questionnaire from 90 individuals diagnosed with OCD from outpatient departments receiving care at public and private health institutions in Jordan. Data were collected regarding suicidality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results: Suicidal risk was detected in 34.4% % (N= 31) of the individuals with OCD, 90% had mild to severe depressive symptoms, 70% had mild to severe anxiety symptoms. Significant positive correlation found between suicidality, anxiety and depressive symptoms (p<.05). Individuals with OCD and suicidality had significantly lower educational level, contamination, trichotillomania, and sexual obsessions. Depressive symptoms and type of OCD were significant predictors for suicidality among individuals known to have OCD. Conclusion: Individuals with OCD have high risk for suicidality and should be carefully monitored. Health care professionals in the outpatients’ clinics are recommended to actively investigate suicidality risk as part of OCD comprehensive assessment per visit.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Doctors in North Borneo

@#Introduction: Doctors are known to deal with high occupational stress, causing increased risk of depression, anxiety and stress.Nevertheless, the prevalence and associatedfactors of depression, anxiety and stress among registered doctorsworking in 24 public hospitals in Sabah, Malaysia are not known yet. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling from September-October 2018. The data of 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was collected via online link anonymously. Results: Among 314 doctors, majority of them were females (62.1%), mean age 29 (SD 2.72), non-Sabahan (82.8%), Malays (46.8%), not married (78.3%) and medical officers (93.6%). Prevalence of severe/extremely severe anxiety symptoms was 27.4%,depression (22.9%) and stress (18.5%). Doctors perceiving themselves to be depressed, anxious and/or stressed were more likely to develop the corresponding symptoms. Females and Chinese were twice more likely to report anxiety symptoms. Being married had protective effect against depressive symptoms, while working in same hospital for longer time had a significant but weak protective effect against anxiety and stress symptoms. Conclusions: Mental health issue among doctors is substantial and need to be addressed effectively for the benefit of their life, patients and country.

Influencing factors for anxiety and depression in patients with dysphagia after stroke / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the influencing factors for depression and anxiety in patients with dysphagia after stroke.@*Methods@# From May 2017 to June 2018,patients with post-stroke dysphagia in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Zhejiang Hospital were recruited to collect their height,weight,education level,serum nutritional indicators and feeding patterns. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were employed to assess the incidence of anxiety and depression. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for depression and anxiety. @*Results @#Among 96 patients enrolled,43 suffered from anxiety and depression,with the incidence of 44.79%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that normal albumin（OR=0.208,95%CI：0.054-0.800）was a protective factor for anxiety,while indwelling gastric tube（OR=5.789,95%CI：1.654-20.260）was a risk factor. Normal transferrin（OR=0.189,95%CI：0.042-0.860）was a protective factor for depression,while indwelling gastric tube（OR=13.977,95%CI：1.472-132.667）was a risk factor. @*Conclusion @#Normal albumin and transferrin are the protective factors for anxiety and depression in patients with dysphagia after stroke,and indwelling gastric tube is the risk factor for anxiety or depression.