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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(4): e20220411, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429810

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) tem relevância diagnóstica crescente em sobreviventes de morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) ou arritmia ventricular instável (AVI) em países desenvolvidos. Objetivo Procuramos avaliar retrospectivamente o papel adicional da RMC em um país em desenvolvimento com poucos recursos disponíveis e que pode direcionar um uso mais eficaz desses recursos. Métodos Foram incluídos sobreviventes de MSC ou AVI admitidos entre 2009 e 2019 em uma instituição acadêmica terciária após a realização de RMC. Dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados dos prontuários. Imagens e laudos de RMC foram analisados e o impacto disso no diagnóstico etiológico final foi afirmado. Realizou-se análise descritiva e definiu-se p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados Sessenta e quatro pacientes, 54,9±15,4 anos, sendo 42 (71,9%) do sexo masculino. A maioria dos eventos (81,3%) foi extra-hospitalar e a taquicardia ventricular foi o ritmo mais comum. Medicamentos cardiovasculares foram utilizados anteriormente por 55 pacientes, sendo os betabloqueadores os medicamentos mais utilizados (37,5%). O eletrocardiograma apresentava áreas elétricas inativas em 21,9% e todos apresentavam fibrose na RMC. A média da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foi de 44±14%, com 60,9% ≤50% e apenas 29,7% ≤35%. Identificou-se realce tardio com gadolínio em 71,9%, com padrão transmural em 43,8%. A miocardiopatia chagásica foi a etiologia mais comum (28,1%), seguida da miocardiopatia isquêmica (17,2%). Entre 26 sem etiologia previamente identificada, foi possível definir com RMC (15 pacientes - 57%). Conclusão De acordo com estudos anteriores em países desenvolvidos, a RMC foi capaz de aumentar o diagnóstico etiológico e identificar o substrato arritmogênico, permitindo melhor atendimento em metade dos pacientes subdiagnosticados.


Abstract Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has an increasing diagnostic relevance in survivors of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or unstable ventricular arrhythmia (UVA) in developed countries. Objective To evaluate retrospectively the additional role of CMR in a developing country where few resources are available, and should be used more effectively. Methods The study included SCD or UVA survivors admitted between 2009 and 2019 at a tertiary academic institution referred to CMR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from the medical records. CMR images and reports were reviewed and their impact on the final etiological diagnosis was determined. A descriptive analysis was performed and p<0.05 established as significant. Results Sixty-four patients, 54.9±15.4 years old, and 42 (71.9%) males. Most events (81.3%) were out of the hospital and ventricular tachycardia was the most common rhythm. Cardiovascular medications were previously used by 55 patients, and beta-blockers were the most used medications (37.5%). Electrocardiogram had electrical inactive areas in 21.9% and all of them had fibrosis at CMR. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 44±14%, with 60.9% ≤50% and only 29.7% ≤35%. Late gadolinium enhancement was identified in 71.9%, with a transmural pattern in 43.8%. Chagas cardiomyopathy was the most common etiology (28.1%), followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (17.2%). Among 26 without a previously identified etiology, CMR could define it (15 patients - 57%). Conclusion In accordance with previous studies in developed countries, CMR was capable of increasing etiological diagnosis and identifying the arrhythmogenic substrate, allowing better care in half of the underdiagnosed patients.

2.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 36(2): e702, ago. 2021. fot.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1290000

ABSTRACT

Un gossypiboma, oblitoma o textiloma se define como todo cuerpo extraño olvidado en el interior de un paciente durante una intervención quirúrgica. Representa una complicación posquirúrgica poco frecuente pero de consecuencias potencialmente graves. En general, se manifiesta con cuadros clínicos variables: una masa o pseudotumor, sangrados, fiebre, dolor, varios meses o años después de la cirugía original. También puede ser un hallazgo accidental. Describimos el caso clínico de una paciente con un gossypiboma vinculado a una cirugía cardíaca que se realizó 40 años antes al cuadro clínico actual, que se presenta con arritmia ventricular maligna.


A gossypiboma, oblitoma or textiloma is defined as a surgical object left in the interior of the body after surgery. It represents an uncommon but potentially life threatening post-surgery complication. Clinical manifestations are variable and depend on location, relations and size, from pseudo-tumoral masses, bleeding, fever, pain and other nonspecific presentations. The onset of symptoms is unpredictable, occurring from months or years after surgery. Patients may course asymptomatically and be diagnosed incidentally as an imaging finding. We describe a case of a patient with gossypiboma diagnosed 40 years after undergoing cardiac surgery, who presented with a malignant ventricular arrhythmia.


Um gossypiboma, oblitoma ou textiloma está definido como todo corpo estranho esquecido no interior de um paciente durante um procedimento cirúrgico, representando uma complicação pos cirúrgica pouco frequente, mas com consequências potencialmente graves. Geralmente, se manifesta com quadros clínicos variáveis: uma massa ou pseudotumor, sangramentos, febre, dor, varios meses ou anos após a cirurgia original ou ser um hachado acidental. Descrevemos o caso clínico de uma paciente com um gossypiboma vinculado a uma cirurgia cardíaca realizada 40 anos antes do quadro clínico atual, que se apresenta com arritmia ventricular maligna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Surgical Sponges , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Thoracic Surgery , Foreign Bodies/surgery
3.
CorSalud ; 12(1): 46-53, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124643

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La muerte súbita cardíaca no ha disminuido de igual manera que la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria, por la elevada incidencia de las paradas cardíacas súbitas (PCS). Objetivos: Determinar factores predictivos de PCS por arritmia ventricular en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio. Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico en el Servicio de Cardiología de Las Tunas entre 2011 y 2017. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por los 917 pacientes ingresados con infarto agudo de miocardio. Los 90 pacientes con PCS en arritmia ventricular constituyeron el «grupo de casos¼; el resto fue el «grupo control¼. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y un modelo de regresión logística múltiple, y se calculó el índice de probabilidad (odds ratio [OR]), con un 95% de confiabilidad para determinar los factores predictivos. Resultados: En los pacientes del grupo de casos predominó el sexo masculino (73%), el infarto biventricular (24,7%), la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) <35% (18,9%) y los fallecidos (41,1%) en relación al grupo control. Al 10,0% se le administró betabloqueadores en la primera asistencia médica. El shock cardiogénico (OR=15,3), la FEVI <35% (OR=8,51), la creatina quinasa > 1200 UI (OR=2,77), la obesidad (OR=3,16), el hábito de fumar (OR=2,28), el supra/infradesnivel del ST en el electrocardiograma >15 mm (OR=2,23) y el infarto anterior (OR=2,39) se asociaron a la PCS en arritmia ventricular. Conclusiones: El shock cardiogénico, la FEVI <35%, la creatina quinasa >1200 UI, la obesidad, el hábito de fumar, el supra/infradesnivel del ST en el electrocardiograma >15 mm y el infarto anterior fueron factores predictivos de PCS en arritmia ventricular.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Sudden cardiac death has not decreased in the same way as mortality due to coronary heart disease, because of the high incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Objectives: To determine predictive factors of SCA due to ventricular arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Method: An analytical study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of Las Tunas between 2011 and 2017. The population of study was 917 patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. All 90 patients with SCA in ventricular arrhythmia represented the "case group"; the rest were the "control group". Descriptive statistics were used, as well as a multiple logistic regression model; the odds ratios (OR) was calculated, with 95% reliability to determine the predictive factors. Results: In the patients of the case group predominated: male sex (73%), biventricular infarction (24.7%), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% (18.9%) and deceased (41.1%); all these results compared to the control group. A 10.0% was given beta-blockers on their first medical assistance. Cardiogenic shock (OR 15.3), LVEF <35% (OR 8.51), creatine kinase >1200 IU (OR 2.77), obesity (OR 3.16), smoking (OR 2.28), ST-segment elevation/depression on the electrocardiogram >15 mm (OR 2.23) and anterior wall infarction (OR 2.39) were associated with SCA due to ventricular arrhythmia. Conclusions: Cardiogenic shock, LVEF <35%, creatine kinase > 1200 IU, obesity, smoking, ST-segment elevation/depression on the electrocardiogram >15 mm and anterior wall infarction were predictive factors of SCA due to ventricular arrhythmia.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Risk Factors , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Heart Arrest , Myocardial Infarction
4.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 21(2): 8-10, jul.-dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042864

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta un caso clínico de una mujer gestante que presentó bloqueo atrioventricular completo en labor de parto, bradicardia severa, intervalo QT prolongado secundario, torsión de puntas y paro cardiorrespiratorio, del cual fue recuperada. Se discuten los mecanismos potenciales que pueden desencadenar este escenario.


Abstract A clinical case of a pregnant woman who presented with complete atrioventricular block in labor, severe bradycardia, secondary prolonged QT interval, Torsades de pointes and aborted cardiorespiratory arrest is presented. Potential mechanisms that can trigger this scenario are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Labor, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Costa Rica , Death, Sudden , Parturition , Atrioventricular Block
5.
Insuf. card ; 14(4): 162-165, Octubre-Diciembre 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1053230

ABSTRACT

La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que posee una amplia variabilidad de presentaciones clínicas. El compromiso cardíaco de esta patología oscila en el orden del 5%, pudiendo variar desde anormalidades en la conducción hasta la falla cardíaca. Existe poco conocimiento sobre los beneficios de su tratamiento y no hay datos que evalúen la reducción de la mortalidad a largo plazo, por lo que genera este tipo de pacientes un gran desafío para el profesional. A continuación presentamos el caso de un masculino de 37 años con taquicardia ventricular como debut cardiológico de una sarcoidosis.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Sarcoidosis , Heart Failure
6.
Bogotá; s.n; 2019. 105 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1366925

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Establecer una comparación en las mediciones de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y carga de los síntomas con el ASTA en pacientes con arritmia ventricular, antes y después de implante de cardiodesfibrilador. Método: observacional analítico, con diseño de serie de casos y de abordaje cuantitativo. Participaron 83 pacientes, con diagnóstico de arritmia ventricular de dos instituciones de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, con dos mediciones, antes y después de implante de cardiodesfibrilador. Instrumento: Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA), versión validada al español. Análisis: se utilizó estadística descriptiva y para determinar el cambio en los puntajes de las mediciones iniciales y finales, se utilizó, la prueba pareada de T Student. Resultados: los pacientes con arritmia ventricular que recibieron implante de cardiodesfibrilador, son en su mayoría hombres con una media de edad de 60,97 años, de estratos socioeconómicos bajos, ocupación hogar y labores agrícolas, el puntaje en la escala de calidad de vida inicial fue de 10.97 y de 9.52 para la medición final post-implante, con un valor de p: 0.001, para la comparación entre los dos puntajes, lo que muestra una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: la evaluación de la calidad de vida del paciente con arritmia ventricular medida por un instrumento especifico, muestra una afectación de la calidad de vida, con una leve mejoría en la medición a un mes posterior al implante del cardiodesfibrilador y visualiza la importancia de intervenciones de Enfermería en etapas tempranas del pre-implante en diferentes aspectos.


Objective: To establish a comparison in health-related quality of life measurements and symptoms burden with ASTA in patients with ventricular arrhythmia, before and after implantation of a cardiodefibrillator. Method: observational analytical, with case series design, with a quantitative approach. A total of 83 patients participated, with a diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmia from two institutions in the city of Bucaramanga, with two measurements, before and after implantation of a cardiodefibrillator. Instrument, Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA), version validated in Spanish. Analysis: descriptive statistics were used and, to determine the change in the scores of the initial and final measurements, the paired test of T -Student was used. Results: patients with ventricular arrhythmia, and who received a cardio-defibrillator implant, are mostly men, with a mean age of 60.97 years, from low socioeconomic strata, household occupation and agricultural work, the score in the quality scale of initial life was of 10.97 and of 9.52 for the final measurement after implant, with a value of p: 0.001, for the comparison between the two scores, which shows a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: the evaluation of the quality of life of the patient with ventricular arrhythmia, measured by a specific instrument, shows an affectation of the quality of life, with a slight improvement in the measurement one month after the implantation of the cardiodefibrillator. And the importance of nursing interventions in the early stages of pre-implantation in different aspects is visualized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Nursing , Defibrillators, Implantable
7.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 34(1): 157-164, ene.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841438

ABSTRACT

ResumenMuerte súbita se define como un evento fatal e inesperado que ocurre en un individuo aparentemente sano. Una de las principales causas son las de origen cardiovascular, entre las cuales se encuentran las anormalidades electrofisiológicas primarias como lo es el síndrome de Brugada. Este se define como una canalopatía que afecta canales de sodio, producto de una variante genética, principalmente de herencia autosómica dominante.Se ha determinado que la mutación del gen SCN5A es la más asociada con el síndrome. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante historia clínica y patrones electrocardiográficos específicos y generalmente se presenta como síncope o como muerte súbita resucitada debida a taquicardia ventricular polimórfica o fibrilación ventricular. El desfibrilador automático implantable es la principal herramienta para la prevención de muerte súbita, sin embargo, previo a su uso debe hacerse una adecuada estratificación de los pacientes, tanto para prevenir muerte súbita, como para evitar el uso innecesario del dispositivo.


AbstractSudden death is defined as an unexpected fatal event occurring in an apparently healthy subject. Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause, among which are primary electrical abnormalities such as Brugada Syndrome. Brugada Syndrome is an autosomal dominant channelopathy affecting the sodium channel. SCN5A has emerged as the most common gene associated with Brugada syndrome. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical history in a patient with specific electrocardiographic pattern. The most typical presentation is syncope or resuscitated sudden death due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the main tool for preventing sudden death, and correct risk stratification in these patients is important both to prevent sudden death and to avoid unnecessary implantable cardioverter defibrillator use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Death, Sudden , Brugada Syndrome , Brugada Syndrome/epidemiology , Channelopathies , Forensic Medicine
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 47(5): e20160740, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839806

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to assess heart rate variability (HRV) in Boxer dogs affected by arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Fourteen Boxer dogs classified as affected and 28 classified as unaffected were included in a prospective case-control study. Dogs underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG and were classified as affected (>1,000 VPCs/24 hours) or unaffected (<20 VPCs/24 hours) by ARVC based on the number of ventricular arrhythmias. HRV was assessed using 24-h Holter ECG monitoring; the studied parameters were SDNN, SDANN, SDNNIDX, rMSSD and pNN50. Data were submitted to logarithmic transformation and HRV parameters were compared between groups and correlated according to the disease status, number and severity of ventricular arrhythmias using Student’s t test, linear regression and Spearman’s test. There was no interaction between the HRV parameters and the number and severity of ventricular arrhythmias. SDNNlog (2.35±0.14 vs. 2.46±0.12, P=0.01), SDNNIDXlog (2.18±0.14 vs. 2.24±0.10, P=0.002) and pNN50log (1.47±0.19 vs. 1.64±0.13, P=0.002) were significantly lower in the affected group compared with the unaffected. According to this study, HRV are different in a population of Boxers dogs affected by ARVC compared to a population of unaffected dogs, and these differences are not consequences of low cardiac output caused by ventricular arrhythmias since animals that had higher number and complexity of arrhythmias were not those who had lower values of HRV.


RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em cães da raça Boxer acometidos pela cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito (CAVD). Para isso, foram incluídos, em estudo prospectivo caso-controle, 14 cães classificados como acometidos pela CAVD e 28 classificados como não acometidos. Os cães foram submetidos à eletrocardiografia ambulatorial de 24 horas e então classificados como acometidos (quando apresentaram mais de 1.000 complexos ventriculares prematuros em 24 horas) ou não acometidos (quando apresentaram menos de 20 complexos ventriculares prematuros em 24 horas) pela CAVD, com base no número de arritmias ventriculares. A VFC foi avaliada mediante monitoramento Holter de 24 horas. Os parâmetros estudados foram SDNN, SDANN, SDNNIDX, rMSSD e pNN50. Os dados foram submetidos à transformação logarítmica e os parâmetros da VFC foram comparados e correlacionados de acordo com a presença ou não da doença, número e severidade das arritmias pelo teste t de Student, regressão linear e teste de Spearman. Não houve interação entre as variáveis da VFC e o número e a severidade das arritmias ventriculares. Porém, as variáveis SDNNlog (2,35±0,14 vs. 2,46±0,12, P=0,01), SDNNIDXlog (2,18±0,14 vs. 2,24±0,10, P=0.002) e pNN50log (1,47±0,19 vs. 1,64±0,13, P=0,002) foram significativamente menores no grupo de animais acometidos pela doença. De acordo com os resultados do presente estudo, a VFC é menor nos Boxers acometidos pela CAVD em relação aos cães não acometidos, e essa diferença não pode ser atribuída ao baixo débito cardíaco, supostamente causado pelas arritmias ventriculares, uma vez que os animais que apresentaram maior número e complexidade das arritmias não foram os que apresentaram os menores valores da VFC.

9.
West Indian med. j ; 62(8): 721-723, Nov. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045740

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the positive rate of ventricular late potential (VLP) between patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and patients with acute non NSTEMI. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three cases of acute myocardial infarction (90 patients with STEMI and 73 with NSTEMI), admitted to the first hospital of China Medical University between June 2011 and August 2011, underwent VLP examination. RESULTS: The VLP positive rate of the STEMI group was 54.4%, while that of the NSTEMI group was 38.4%, and the differences have statistical meaning (χ2 = 4.186, p < 0.05). The occurrence rate of ventricular arrhythmia in VLP positive patients was 11.7%, while in VLP negative patients it was 3.5% (χ2 = 4.005, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The VLP positive rate of the STEMI group is higher than that of the NSTEMI group.


OBJETIVO: Analizar la tasa positiva del potencial tardío ventricular (PTV) entre pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (NSTEMI por sus siglas en inglés) y el infarto agudo del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (STEMI por sus siglas en inglés). MÉTODOS: Ciento sesenta y tres casos de infarto agudo de miocardio (90pacientes con STEMI) y 73 con NSTEMI, ingresados en la Universidad primer hospital de Medicina China entre junio y agosto de 2011, fueron sometidos a examen de PTV. RESULTADOS: La tasa positiva PVT del grupo STEMI fue 54.4%, mientras que la del grupo NSTEMI fue 38.4%, y las diferencias tienen significado estadístico (χ² = 4.186, p < 0.05). La tasa de ocurrencia de arritmia ventricular en pacientes PVTpositivos fue 11.7%, mientras que en los pacientes PVT negativos fue 3.5% (χ² = 4.005, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa PTV positiva del grupo STEMI es mayor que la del grupo NSTEMI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Electrocardiography
10.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(6): 1102-1106, jun. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675738

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the reliability of high-resolution electrocardiography in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Boxers, 20 dogs with no structural cardiac alterations at echocardiographic examination were grouped on the basis of frequency of ventricular arrhythmias, evaluated by 24-hour ambulatory ECG, and undergoing a high-resolution electrocardiography. High frequency QRS duration, duration of terminal QRS complex less than 40µV (LAS40) and root mean square voltage of the terminal 40 milliseconds of the QRS complex (RMS40) were measured. Differences in high-resolution ECG variables were not observed between groups. Therefore, the results of this investigation suggest that high-resolution electrocardiography is not a useful method for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Boxers without detectable myocardial alterations or systolic dysfunction.


Com o objetivo de avaliar a importância da eletrocardiografia de alta resolução no diagnóstico da cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito do Boxer, 20 cães sem evidências de doença cardíaca estrutural à avaliação ecodopplercardiográfica foram agrupados de acordo com a frequência de arritmias ventriculares, avaliadas pela eletrocardiografia ambulatorial de 24 horas, e submetidos ao exame eletrocardiográfico de alta resolução. Duração do complexo QRS filtrado, duração dos sinais de baixa amplitude (menor que 40µV) dos últimos 40 milissegundos do complexo QRS e raiz quadrada média da voltagem ao quadrado dos últimos 40 milissegundos do complexo QRS (RMS40) foram as variáveis avaliadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação às variáveis estudadas. Sendo assim, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a eletrocardiografia de alta resolução não é uma ferramenta útil no auxílio diagnóstico da cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito dos cães da raça Boxer que não apresentam alterações miocárdicas evidentes ou disfunção sistólica.

11.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 83(2): 104-111, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702995

ABSTRACT

Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) currently has an important role in the treatment of incessant ventricular tachycardia and reduction of the number of episodes of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Conventional mapping techniques require ongoing tachycardia and haemodynamic stability during the procedure. However, in many patients with scar-related ventricular tachycardia, non-inducibility of clinical tachycardia, poor induction reproducibility, haemodynamic instability, and multiple ventricular tachycardias with frequent spontaneous changes of morphology, preclude tachycardia mapping. To overcome these limitations, new strategies for mapping and ablation in sinus rhythm (SR) - substrate mapping strategies - have been developed and are currently used by many centres. This review summarizes the progresses recently achieved in the ablative treatment of ventricular tachycardia using a substrate mapping approach in patients with structural heart disease.


La ablación de la taquicardia ventricular está adquiriendo gran importancia en el tratamiento de la taquicardia ventricular incesante así como en la reducción y prevención de episodios en pacientes con taquicardia ventricular monomorfa sostenida. El abordaje convencional requiere la inducción de la taquicardia ventricular y la tolerancia de la misma durante el procedimento. Sin embargo, en muchos pacientes con taquicardia ventricular, en contexto de un infarto previo, no es factible la inducción de la taquicardia clínica, la inducción presenta baja reproducibilidad, la taquicardia se acompaña de inestabilidad hemodinámica o se presentan múltiples morfologías con variaciones espontáneas de una morfología a otra que dificultan el mapeo durante la taquicardia. Para superar a estas limitaciones, se han desarrollado las técnicas de mapeo y ablación de sustrato en ritmo sinusal, que actualmente se llevan a cabo en muchos centros. Esta revisión se centra en los avances realizados en los últimos años en el campo de la ablación de sustrato de la taquicardia ventricular en el paciente con cardiopatía estructural.


Subject(s)
Humans , Catheter Ablation , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Remission Induction , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
12.
Insuf. card ; 6(2): 53-58, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633395

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las arritmias ventriculares se presentan, en algunos pacientes, como único signo clínico de miocarditis, siendo ésta no incluida como probabilidad etiológica. La dificultad de la caracterización clínica de esta forma de presentación en esta patología no permite iniciar el tratamiento oportuno. Objetivo. Analizar la evolución clínica y el tratamiento de pacientes con arritmias, como única manifestación clínica de miocarditis. Materiales y método. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo de diecinueve pacientes con diagnóstico de miocarditis, asistidos en nuestra institución, entre los años 2000 y 2009. Se seleccionaron siete pacientes (35%), que presentaron arritmias ventriculares como única forma de manifestación clínica. La edad media de estos pacientes fue de 18 ± 7 años, cinco hombres y dos mujeres. Todos tuvieron biopsia endomiocárdica positiva para miocarditis. Se examinaron las historias clínicas a fin de observar el tipo de arritmia, la función ventricular, la respuesta al tratamiento recibido y la evolución clínica a corto y largo plazo. Para el análisis estadístico, se empleó el programa estadístico InfoStat/Profesional versión 2009p. Resultados. Todos los pacientes presentaron extrasístoles ventriculares frecuentes, 3 (43%) taquicardia ventricular no sostenida y 4 (57%) taquicardia ventricular sostenida, de éstos, 1 paciente padeció además fibrilación ventricular. La función ventricular fue normal en todos los pacientes (fracción de eyección: 62 ± 8,08%). Seis pacientes (86%) fueron tratados con inmunosupresores (corticoides y azatioprina), de los cuales 5 (72%) evolucionaron con extrasístoles ventriculares aisladas. Sólo un paciente continuó con taquicardia ventricular sostenida, que requirió implante de cardiodesfibrilador y ablación por radiofrecuencia. No hubo óbitos, en un seguimiento de 6 ± 3 años. Conclusiones. De los pacientes tratados con inmunosupresores se logró reducir la inflamación y controlar las arritmias. Se evidenció una buena evolución de los pacientes a corto y largo plazo.


Background. Ventricular arrhythmias occur in some patients as the only clinical sign of myocarditis; still it is not included as an etiological probability. The complexity of its clinical characterization does not allow an appropriate treatment. Aim.To analyze clinical evolution and treatment in those patients with arrhythmia as the only clinical manifestation of myocarditis. Materials and method. Descriptive, observational, transversal, retrospective study, enrolling nineteen patients diagnosed with myocarditis, attended in our institution within the period 2000-2009. Seven patients (35%) who presented ventricular arrhythmia as the only clinical manifestation were selected. Their mean age was 18 ± 7 years old, five men and two women. All of them underwent endomyocardial biopsy, resulting positive for myocarditis. Clinical histories were analyzed in order to examine arrhythmia type, ventricular function, response to received treatment, and clinical long and short-term evolution. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical program InfoStat/Profesional version 2009p. Results. All patients presented frequent ventricular extrasystoles; 3 (43%) non sustained ventricular tachycardia; 4 (57%) sustained ventricular tachycardia, and 1 of these patients had ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular function was normal in all patients (ejection fraction 62 ± 8,08%). Six patients (86%) received immunosupressors (corticoids y azatioprin), of which 5 (72%) evolved with isolated ventricular extrasystoles. Only one patient continued with sustained ventricular tachycardia, requiring defibrillator implantation and radiofrequency ablation. There were no deaths in a follow up of 6 ± 3 years. Conclusions. Immunosuppressive therapy allowed reducing inflammation and controlling arrhythmias. Patients showed a good short and long term evolution.


Introdução. As arritmias ventriculares ocorrem em alguns pacientes, como o único sinal clínico de miocardite, ainda não incluída como de probabilidade de diagnóstico. A dificuldade da caracterização clínica da doença não permite o tratamento adequado para controlá-lo. Objetivo. Analisar a evolução clínica e tratamento de pacientes com arritmias, como a única manifestação clínica da miocardite. Materiais e métodos. Estúdio descritivo, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, com dezenove pacientes com diagnóstico de miocardite, atendidos em nossa instituição entre os anos 2000 e 2009. Foram selecionados sete pacientes (35%) com arritmia ventricular como única forma de manifestação clínica. A idade média desses pacientes foi de 18± 7 anos, cinco homens e duas mulheres. Todos foram submetidos à biópsia endomiocárdica, resultando positivo para miocardite. As histórias clínicas foram analisadas a fim de avaliar o tipo de arritmia, função ventricular, a resposta ao tratamento recebido e evolução clínica a longo e curto prazo. A análise estatística foi realizada com o programa estatístico InfoStat/Profesional versão 2009p. Resultados. Todos os pacientes apresentaram extra-sístoles ventriculares freqüentes, 3 (43%) taquicardia ventricular não sustentada; 4 (57%) taquicardia ventricular sustentada, e um destes pacientes também sofreu fibrilação ventricular. A função ventricular era normal em todos os pacientes (fração de ejeção de 62 ± 8,08%). Seis pacientes (86%) receberam imunossupressores (corticóides e azatioprina), dos quais 5 (72%) evoluíram com extra-sístoles ventriculares isoladas. Apenas um paciente continuou com taquicardia ventricular sustentada, necessitando de implante de desfibrilador e ablação por radiofreqüência. Não houve mortes em um seguimento de 6 ± 3 anos. Conclusões. A terapia imunossupressora permitiu reduzir a inflamação e controlar arritmias. Os pacientes apresentaram boa evolução a curto e longo prazo.

13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(2): 213-216, Mar.-Apr. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586114

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes na forma indeterminada da doença de Chagas (FIDC) podem apresentar anormalidades contráteis segmentares, com evidências de pior prognóstico comparativamente a pacientes com estudo ecocardiográfico normal. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a associação entre a presença de anormalidade contrátil segmentar e a presença de distúrbios do ritmo cardíaco na FIDC. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 38 pacientes na FIDC, sendo 26 pacientes sem anormalidade contrátil e 12 com presença de distúrbio contrátil ao estudo ecocardiográfico. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um estudo ecocardiográfico completo, incluindo o Doppler tecidual, bem como à monitorização eletrocardiográfica de 24h (Holter). RESULTADOS: Entre as diversas variáveis estudadas, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação à fração de ejeção (p < 0,001), dimensão sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (p = 0,029) e tempo de contração isovolumétrica (p < 0,05) medidos pela ecocardiografia e Doppler tecidual, bem como extrassistolia ventricular isolada (p = 0,016) e em pares (p = 0,003) pela avaliação pelo Holter. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes na FIDC que apresentam anormalidades contráteis quando avaliados pela ecocardiografia apresentam episódios mais frequentes de extrassistolia ventricular, traduzindo um maior dano morfofuncional e elétrico do coração, quando comparados a pacientes que apresentem estudo ecocardiográfico normal.


INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease can lead to severe and potentially lethal damage of cardiac function. Thus, the identification of cardiac abnormalities in patients presenting the indeterminate form (IF) can be important for risk stratification. This paper aimed to demonstrate whether IF chagasic patients who presented wall motion abnormalities showed functional and electric disturbances compared to patients with normal echocardiogram and Doppler studies. METHODS: Thirty eight patients with the IF were studied, including 26 chagasic patients with normal electrocardiographic, radiological and echocardiographic exams and 12 chagasic patients showing segmental wall motion abnormalities in the echocardiographic exam. All the patients were submitted to complete echocardiogram and Doppler study, including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and Holter 24h monitoring. RESULTS: Among the variables evaluated, significant differences among the two groups were verified in relation to: the ejection fraction (p < 0.001); left ventricular systolic dimension (p = 0.029); isovolumic contraction time, measured by TDI in the basal segments of the left ventricle (p < 0.05); and the presence of isolated (p = 0.0005) and paired ventricular extrasystoles (p = 0.003), in the Holter monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The indeterminate form of Chagas' disease can present cardiac wall motion abnormality, demonstrating functional and electric damage compared to chagasic patients with normal echocardiogram.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chagas Disease , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Ventricular Fibrillation
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 64(6): 533-535, Jun. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319361

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--It is well established the association between heart failure and arrhythmias in different cardiopathies. There are no studies in Chagas' myocardiopathy that analyze the relation between arrhythmias and left ventricular function. METHODS--We studied 629 patients with Chagas' disease, divided in 3 groups, according to ejection fraction obtained through echocardiographic study (normal, between 0.64 and 0.45, and below 0.44). RESULTS--At conventional ECG, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias was respectively in the 3 groups: 15, 36 and 64, showing higher incidence when left ventricular function was getting worse. CONCLUSION--Ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas' disease are frequent in patients with normal ejection fraction, and become more intense as ventricular dysfunction progresses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Echocardiography , Incidence , Electrocardiography , Ventricular Function/physiology , Heart Failure/parasitology , Prognosis , Stroke Volume
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 62(5): 313-317, maio 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-159842

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To evaluate the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment in the frequency as well as in the complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in arterial hypertension. METHODS--Twenty three patients, 14 males and 11 whites, with mean age of 46 years, were submitted to 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and echocardiographic studies before and 9 months after antihypertensive treatment. RESULTS--There was no significant serum potassium level alteration, but significant reductions of both systolic (from 192 +/- 29mmHg to 161 +/- 25mmHg) and diastolic (from 122 +/- 17mmHg to 99 +/- 16mmHg) blood pressure. Left ventricular percent of fiber shortening significantly increased, even though only from 26 +/- 9 per cent to 30 +/- 9 per cent, and end-systolic wall stress did not change at all (before 258 +/- 94 10(3) dyn/cm2, after 255 +/- 101 10(3) dyn/cm2). Left ventricular mass index showed significant but also a discrete reduction from 211 +/- 75g/m2 to 196 +/- 70g/m2. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring did not show any significant decrease in neither ventricular ectopic beats nor in couplets. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia episodes remained unchanged too. Four out of 8 patients with more than 30 ventricular ectopic beats per hour reduced it by more than 70 per cent. On the other hand, the number of patients with couplets was reduced from 10 to 8 whilst those with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia increased from 5 to 7. Furthermore, in 7 patients reevaluated 24 months thereafter results were not expressively dissimilar. CONCLUSION--In hypertensive patients with either severe degree of left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial dysfunction, long-term blood pressure treatment that produce no impressive changes in these abnormalities also do not modify complex ventricular arrhythmias, in spite of a great reduction in the increase blood pressure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Time Factors , Echocardiography/drug effects , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/drug effects , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Ventricular Function, Left , Hypertension/drug therapy
16.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 61(4): 225-228, out. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-148870

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To study the presence and type of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with different geometric patterns of the left ventricle (LV). METHODS--Seventy-two patients with essential hypertension were divided in 4 groups, by the echocardiographic patterns: group I with concentric remodeling of the LV (normal LV mass with increased relative wall thickening); group II with concentric hypertrophy (both LV mass and relative wall thickening increased); group III with normal geometry of the LV (both LV mass and relative wall thickening normal); group IV, with eccentric hypertrophy (increased LV mass with normal relative wall thickening). The groups were compared by the quantity and quality of ventricular arrhythmia, measured by the number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) and episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) on Holter monitoring, and the presence of late potentials (LP) on signal-averaged electrocardiogram. RESULTS--Group I showed fewer VEB than group II (16.2 +/- 12.85 x 996.4 +/- 518.8, p < 0.05), and a statistic tendency to this result when compared with group IV (16.2 +/- 12.85 x 1634.2 +/- 1001.33, p = 0.063). When compared with group III, no statistical difference was found (16.2 +/- 12.85 x 19.8 +/- 14.81, p = NS). Episodes of VT and the presence of LP were noted only in groups II and IV. CONCLUSION--The group with concentric remodeling of the LV had fewer ventricular arrhythmias than hypertrophic groups, with characteristics closer to the patients with normal LV geometry


Objetivo - Estudar as arritmias ventriculares em pacientes hipertensos divididos em grupos de acordo com características geométricas do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). Métodos - Setenta e dois pacientes com hipertensão arterial primária foram divididos em 4 grupos, de acordo com características geométricas do VE, avaliadas pela ecocardiografia: grupo I com remodelamento concêntrico do VE (massa do VE normal com espessura relativa da parede aumentada); grupo II com hipertrofia concêntrica (massa do VE e espessura relativa da parede aumentadas); grupo III com geometria do VE normal (massa do VE e espessura relativa da parede normais); grupo IV com hipertrofia excêntrica (massa do VE aumentada e espessura relativa da parede normal). Os grupos foram comparados quanto à presença e características das arritmias ventriculares ao Holter - número de extra-sístoles ventriculares (EV) e episódios de taquicardia ventricular (TV) e quanto à presença de potenciais tardios ventriculares (PTV) no eletrocardiograma de alta resolução. Resultados - O grupo I apresentou menor quantidade de EV quando comparado com o grupo II (16,2±12,85 x 966,4±512,8, p<0,05). Mostrou também uma tendência estatística semelhante na comparação com o grupo IV (16,2±12,85 x 1634,2±1001,33, p=0,063). Quando comparado com o grupo III, não foi observada diferença estatística (16,2±12,85 x 19,8±14,81, p=NS). Episódios de TV e presença de PTV somente foram detectados nos grupos II e IV. Conclusão - O grupo com remodelamento concêntrico do VE teve menor quantidade de arritmias que os grupos hipertróficos, com um comportamento semelhante ao do VE geometricamente normal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Electrocardiography/classification , Heart/physiopathology , Age Distribution , Sex Distribution , Hypertension/complications , Prognosis
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 56(6): 445-450, jun. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-107794

ABSTRACT

Purpose - To study the spontaneous variability of single (VPCs) and coupled (CVPCs) in patients with chronic Chagas' disease (CCD). Patients and Methods - Twenty patients with CCD, 14 male, in class I and III NYHA, with frequent VPCs and VCPCs, free of drug therapy were studied.21 hour Holter monitoring was done for 4 subsequent days. The data analysis assessed the variation in the frequency of VPCs and CVPCs between patients, seven hour periods one hour periods in a hierarchical model by a Poisson process. Results - a) the frequency of VPCs follows a circadian rhythm, closely related to the hourly variations of the mean heart rate; b) disregarding the heart rate influence on the variability of the ventricular arrhythmia, its behavior was at random and unpredictable; c) the minimal percentual reduction in VPCs/h that discriminated between antiarrhythmic effect and spontaneous between antiarrhythmic effect and spontaneous variability was 121.86% for sevenhour, 58.42% for 21-hour and 38.45% for 42-hour electrocardiographic monitoring periods; d) the same approch for the VCPCs revealed values of 133,8%, 63.21% and 41.3% respectively


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Sleep , Wakefulness , Circadian Rhythm , Electrocardiography , Cardiac Complexes, Premature/physiopathology , Cardiac Complexes, Premature/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Heart Rate , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 56(6): 457-463, jun. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-107796

ABSTRACT

Purpose - To study the spontaneous variability of single (VPCs) and coupled (CVPCs) in patients with chronic Chagas' disease (CCD). Patients and Methods - Twenty patients with CCD, 14 male, in class I and III NYHA, with frequent VPCs and VCPCs, free of drug therapy were studied.21 hour Holter monitoring was done for 4 subsequent days. The data analysis assessed the variation in the frequency of VPCs and CVPCs between patients, seven hour periods one hour periods in a hierarchical model by a Poisson process. Results - a) the frequency of VPCs follows a circadian rhythm, closely related to the hourly variations of the mean heart rate; b) disregarding the heart rate influence on the variability of the ventricular arrhythmia, its behavior was at random and unpredictable; c) the minimal percentual reduction in VPCs/h that discriminated between antiarrhythmic effect and spontaneous between antiarrhythmic effect and spontaneous variability was 121.86% for sevenhour, 58.42% for 21-hour and 38.45% for 42-hour electrocardiographic monitoring periods; d) the same approch for the VCPCs revealed values of 133,8%, 63.21% and 41.3% respectively...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Bundle-Branch Block , Cineangiography , Cardiomegaly , Electrocardiography , Cardiac Complexes, Premature , Ambulatory Care , Cardiac Output, Low , Heart Block , Heart Failure , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy
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