ABSTRACT
The plants in genus Bletilla Reichb. f. possess multiple medical uses in traditional Chinese medicine. However, most wild plants of this genus are critically endangered. In this paper, we searched and combed the origins of these medicinal plants, compared and identified the common adulterants. To explore the suitable soil, climate, and geographical conditions for the artificial cultivation of Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, we investigated and described the natural habitats in different spatial scales, collected and sorted out the information of geographical distribution for the wild plants. We also systematically summarized and prospected the technology of artificial breeding for genus Bletilla Reichb. f.. Based on the characteristics of the reproductive system and breeding features for Bletilla Reichb. f., the seed aseptic germination is considered to be the most appropriate breeding method. Therefore, the development of a new-generation technology for direct seeding germination and the breakthrough of the key cultivation technology will greatly improve the reproductive efficiency of Bletilla Reichb. f., resulting to change the mode of plant-resource supply. The formulation of more specific protective measures together with the acceleration of the research on artificial reproduction technology and the enhancement of the basic research on the resources and reproduction, will facilitate to improve the efficiency of the protection and utilization for the Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, which shows the essential significance for sustainable utilization of medicinal resources of Bletilla Reichb. f..
ABSTRACT
Pheretima is one kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with multiple pharmacological effects .Resear-ches on chemical constituents ,pharmacological effects ,identification ,artificial breeding ,machining and quality evaluation of Pheretima were reviewed in this paper .Study gaps and key points were pointed out to provide the basis on follow-up work .
ABSTRACT
In this study we describe the early stages of development of Bryconamericus caucanus under laboratory conditions. Mature females (mean weight 8.12 g) received two intraperitoneal doses of Carp Pituitary Extract (1st dose of 0.5 mg / kg at time 0 and 2nd dose of 5 mg / kg 12 h later), and mature males received a single dose of 0.5 mg / kg at the time of the 2nd dose to the females. Extrusion of eggs was performed at 152.25 Accumulated Thermal Units. Eggs of B. caucanus were yellow, round shaped, non-adhesive, and the perivitelline space after hydratation was moderate. Hatching occurred 28 h 20 min after fertilization (21C, 594.3 Accumulated Thermal Units). The morphological features of the egg and early embryo of B. caucanus were similar to previous reports in other members of the Tetragonopterinae, but the embryonic development was particularly long in this species.
Se estudian, bajo condiciones de laboratorio, los estadios tempranos de desarrollo en Bryconamericus caucanus. Hembras maduras (peso promedio de 8,12g) recibieron dos dosis intraperitoneales de extracto de hipófisis de carpa (1a dosis de 0,5 mg/Kg en la hora cero y 2 dosis de 5 mg/Kg en la hora 12). Así mismo, los machos maduros recibieron una única dosis de 0.5 mg / kg en la 2 dosis de las hembras. Se llevó a cabo desove en seco a 152,25 grados-hora luego de la aplicación de la 2 dosis hormonal. Los huevos de B. caucanus eran amarillos, redondeados, no adhesivos y el espacio perivitelino luego de la hidratación fue moderado. La eclosión se registró 28 h 20 min después de la fertilización (594,3 grado-horas a 21C). La respuesta positiva a la hipofización y las características morfológicas del huevo y del embrión de B. caucanus fueron similares a los reportes previos en otros miembros de la subfamilia Tetragonopterinae, siendo el desarrollo embrionario de B. caucanus particularmente prolongado.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/growth & development , Fishes/embryology , Embryonic Development , Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology , Fertilization , Fishes/physiology , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Once the Japanese ibis, or the Japanese crested ibis, was widely distributed in Asia including Japan, Korea, China and Siberia, and was not a rare species. However, this species started to disappear over its entire range beginning in the late 19th or early 20th century. Currently, only a single population of 15-20 individuals survives in wild in Yang Xian, Shaanxi, China. Several individuals, mostly immature birds, are kept in captivity in Beijing zoo. One of them is an adult male captured in 1981 in Japan and sent to Beijing zoo for breeding two years ago. In Japan, only, a single old female survives in captivity. Scientists of the Japanese Ibis Preservation Center in Sado Island and Ueno zoo, Tokyo, had attempted several times to breed Japanese ibises in captivity, but they have failed in all of their attempts. In Beijing zoo, a similar attempt is now being carried out. As the basis of an artificial breeding programme of this and other species of birds, the authors have attempted to establish a noninvasive method for estimation of gonadal activities of birds and also a method to induce a complete series of the ovarian activity, i.e., ovarian growth, ovulation and oviposition, by means of hormone administration to some species of birds. In this communication, the author briefly reports recent results of these attempts in addition to results of measurements of gonadotropin levels in plasma of captive Japanese ibises and white ibises, a closely related species, Threskiornis aethiopicus.