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Introduction@#<i>Astragalus</i> is the largest member of the <i>Fabaceae</i> family of about 3,000 species on all continents except Australia, and the <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> Bunge and the <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (Fisch.) Bge are studied and widely used. <i>Astragalus</i> contains polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids and trace elements, so it has a variety of pharmacological effects and is active in supporting the immune system and protecting the liver, heart and kidneys.@*Objectives@#A joint research team of the “Tsombo Pharm” Co., LTD and the Drug research Institute is conducting an experiment to produce an injectable solution from <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> Bunge. The aim is to expand these previous studies to determine the main parameters of the “Монгол хунчир” injection drug technology.@*Methods@#The quality of the injection was assessed by the following parameters. These include: appearance, color of the injection solution, mechanical mixture sensing method, solution filling volume method, solution environment potentiometry method, solution clarity comparison method, insoluble particle size microscopy method, heavy metal mixture atomic absorption spectroscopy method and calicosine-7-o-β-d-glycoside content was determined by HPLC.@*Results@#According to the results of the study, the injectable drug was weak yellow, clear, free of mechanical impurities and heavy metal content, filling 2 ± 0.001 ml, pH 6.5, insoluble particle size greater than 10 μm, 3 particles per 1 ml, small particles larger than 25 μm were present in 1 ml. Calicosin-7-o-β-d-glycosides were identified in the “Монгол хунчир” injection as having the same standard and sample peak times, with the standard substance being detected at 9.003 minutes and the sample solution at 9.016 minutes (Picture 1, 2). In addition, the injection sample contained 0.0477 ± 0.0021 mg / g of calicosin-7-o-β-d-glycoside, and 0.0451-0.0551 mg / g was considered appropriate for further standardization.@*Conclusions@#The “Монгол хунчир” injection meets the general requirements for injection in accordance with the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia 2011. This shows that the technological parameters developed by our research team are appropriate.
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Objective To study and observe the effect of astragalus membranaceus on serum free amino acids and chemokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Lishui Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from October 2014 to May 2016 were selected as the research object,and 60 patients were divided into control group and observation group with 30 cases in each group,according to the method of random number table,the control group were treated with conventional treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,the observation group were treated with astragalus mongholicus on the basic of control group,then the serum free amino acids and chemokines of two groups before the treatment and at 10th,20th,40th and 60th day after the treatment were respectively detected and compared. Results The serum free amino acids and chemokines of two groups before the treatment were compared, while the serum chemokines of observation group at 10th,20th,40th and 60th day after the treatment were all lower than those of control group,the serum free amino acids glutamic acid,asparagic acid and phenylalanine were all lower than those of control group,leucine,γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and taurine were all higher than those of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The influence of astragalus mongholicus for the serum free amino acids and chemokines of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is better,so its application in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis is higher.
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Objective] To analyze Song Xinwei’s academic ideas and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis. [Method] By following professor Song Xinwei’s clinic and recording related medical cases. It analyzes and summarizes his academic ideas and clinical experience on treating ankylosing spondylitis from etiology, pathogenesis, therapy and prescription, tested with medical cases. [Result] Professor Song Xinwei believes that the important pathogenesis of the disease is caused by underlying pathogenic factors and phlegm obstruction and blood stasis.Therefore, don’t forget to expel pathogenic factors during treatment. Consisting invigorating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and activating collaterals from the beginning to the end. Also, tonifying can disperse excess. Mostly, treatment rules are based on these therories. Professor Song Xinwei is good at using different principles and complex formula which makes significant effect in the clinic. [Conclusion] Professor Song Xinwei’s idea and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis provide a new treatment idea which makes significant clinical effect and is worthy promotion.
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Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells(UCMSCs) and inducing them to differentiate into neurons in vitro,in order to provide stem cell resource for the tissue engineering artificial nerve. Methods UCMSCs were cultured from Wharton jelly of human umbilical cord in the condition of sterilitas,surface antigens of UCMSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry.The frist group of cells were added by virgin nutrient,the second group of cells were induced by merely growth factors,the third of cells were induced by merely astragalus mongholicus and the fourth by the astragalus mongholicus with growth factor,observed the morphology of the cells of the two groups under inverted microscope,and determine the positive expression rate of nerve cells' markers,such as NSE,NF and GFAP.The results were statistically analyzed.Results UCMSCs were strongly positive for CD29,CD44,CD105,weakly positive for CD105 and negative for CD34,CD45.After induced by Astragalus mongholicus,UCMSCs were strongly positive for GFAP,NSE. Conclusion UCMSCs can be successfully cultured from the adherent tissue pieces,Astragalus mongholicus can successfully induce them to differentiate into neurons in vitro,to provide a new method of making the tissue engineering artificial nerve and treat theperipheraly nervus defect.
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Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus mongholicus injection in the treatment of viral myocarditis(VM).Methods 80 VM patients were divided into 2 groups randomly and equally.Patients in the control group received routine treatment and patients in the observe group were given astragalus mongholicus injection besides the routine treatment.After 1 month,cardiac muscle enzymes and the clinical effects of the 2 groups were analyzed and evaluated.Results After 1 month,the effective power of the observe group was significantly higher than that of control group( P＜ 0.05 ).The incidence of chest distress,thoracodynia and cordis in the observe group also lower than that of control group.AST,CPK and LDH in the observe group decreased significantly after treatment(P＜0.05 ).But we found no changes in the control group.Conclusion The clinical effects of the VM treatment can be improved by using astragalus mongholicus injection.
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Objective To explore the molecular and cell signal transduction mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (ASP) on macrophage. Methods After stimulating RAW264.7, the change in value of NF-κB was determined by Western blot. The induction of NO and secretion of TNF-α by ASP in macrophage was observed with or without inhibitor of NF-κB using Griess method. Moreover, protein levels of TNF-α secreted by macrophage were investigated with ELISA in respond to ASP. Results 4 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the concentration of NF-κB in nucleus increased significantly, peaked at 6 h. 16 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the activity of iNOS[(23.54±2.41) U/mg protein; P<0.01], producton of NO [(18.9±1.5)μmol/L, P<0.01] and level of TNF-α[(81.2±16.7)pg/ml, P<0.0l] in macrophage were improved markedly. Blocking NF-κB with inhibitor results in decreased levels of NO and TNF-α. Conclusion The results suggest that NF-κB play an important role in induction of NO and TNF-α by ASP in macrophage.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection(复方黄芪注射液) on the serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase(NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP) and S100 protein B(S100B) in cases with acute severe craniocerebral injury.Methods: One hundred and ninety-six patients with acute severe craniocerebral injury were randomly divided into two groups.The treated group was treated with complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection plus conventional treatments including dehydration,antibiotics,organ functional support,nerve nutrition,prevention of complication,etc;the control group was treated with conventional treatments alone.The concentrations of NSE,MBP and S100B in plasma at admission and at 4,7 and 10 days after treatment were determined;the Glasgow coma score(GCS) at admission and at 1 week and 2 weeks after hospitalization and the Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) after 3 months were compared to observe the long-term efficacy in the patients.Results: After treatment,the concentrations of serum NSE,MBP and S100B in the treatment group were all lower than those in the control group,the differences being significant(NSE(14.62?3.38)?g/L vs.(21.54?5.68) ?g/L,MBP(7.52?1.06) mg/L vs.(10.21?2.01) mg/L,S100B(0.90?0.28) ?g/L vs.(1.20?0.34) ?g/L,all P0.05);the GCSs of the patients at 1 week,2 weeks and GOS at 3 months after treatment in the complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(GCS, 1 week(9.8?2.6)score vs.(7.2?2.1) score,2 weeks(10.6?3.0) score vs.(7.8?2.2) score;GOS,3 months after treatment(4.8?1.0) score vs.(3.6?0.8) score,all P
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Objective: To investigate the effect of Astragalus mongholicus injection(AM) on the secretion and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor((TGF-?1)) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells((HPMC).) Methods: HPMC got from patients underwent surgical operation were cultured in vitro.At first,cells from the third passage were incubated with RPMI1640 culture medium containing 0.1% FBS for 24 hours.Then,they were divided into control group,PDS group,AM group 1,AM group 2 and AM group 3 for testing.Each group was supplemented with equal volum of RPMI1640 culture medium containing 20% FBS.After 24 hour incubating,mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity(MTT assay),the levels of TGF-?1 and bFGF in supernatant of the cell culture and the mRNA expression of TGF-?1 and bFGF were detected.Results: Significant decrease of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities were observed in PDS group as compared with those in control group and AM groups(P0.05).The levels of TGF-?1 and bFGF in supernatant of the cell culture were significantly lower in control group than those in PDS group.Marked lower levels of TGF-?1 and bFGF were found in AM group 1,AM group 2 and AM group 3 as compared with those in PDS group(P0.05).The mRNA expressions of TGF-?1 and bFGF in PDS group increased significantly as compared with those in control group.And significant mRNA expressions of TGF-?1 and bFGF were found in PDS group when compared with those in AM groups(P
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Objective: Astragalus mongholicus could promote angiogenesis.Microemulsion has been widely used in the researches of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion modified-collagen on angiogenesis of rats in vivo.Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank collagen,blank microemulsion modified-collagen,vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) modified-collagen,Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion modified-collagen and Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion plus VEGF modified-collagen.Then four collagen samples were imbedded in each rat.After the establishment of the models,the rats were executed at 3,7 and 14 days.The weights of the collagen samples were measured,and their hematoglobin and hydroxyproline levels were determined by the hemiglobincyanide colorimetric and sampler alkaline hydrolysis methods.The color of the wound surface was observed and the surrounding tissues were examined by HE staining for those killed at 14 days.Results: Both Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion and Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion plus VEGF significantly increased the production of hematoglobin and hydroxyproline(P0.05).Conclusion: Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion might promote angiogenesis by increasing the number of micrangia and the production of hematoglobin and hydroxyproline.
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Object To isolate the immunoactive polysaccharide from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and elucidate its chemical structure Methods The polysaccharide was purified from water extracts of A mongholicus by ethanol precipitation, deproteination, selective precipitation with hexadecyltri methylammonium bromide, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography Its homogeneity and molecular weight were estimated by gel filtration chromatography, the structure was deduced from sugar analysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, IR and 13 CNMR spectrophotometry Results A homogeneous polysaccharide A2Nb was obtained with a molecular mass of 360 000 , and composed of D glucose with a major linkage form of ? D (1→4) glucose Side chains were found at 6 O positions once in every 25 glucose residues Conclusion A high molecular weight glucan A2Nb was obtained from A mongholicus for the first time It showed the ability of promoting the proliferation of the splenocytes of mice
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Objective: To study the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus (TFA) on adjuvant arthritic (AA) rats and its mechanism. Methods: The volume of non-injected hind paw of AA rats, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content, interleukin-1(IL-1) and nitrite (NO - 2) produced from articular synoviocytes were measured. Results: It was obseved that serum levels of MDA and the levels of IL-1 and NO - 2 from synoviocytes increased in AA rats, and the degree of the secondary inflammatory reaction of AA rats appeared to be directly correlated with serum levels of MDA and IL-1. Treatment of whole (d0～27) or partial (d12-18 or d18-24) course of AA rats with TFA (20 mg/kg/d,ig) could not only markedly inhibit the inflammatory reaction in AA rats, but also reduce their enhanced serum lipid peroxides (LPO), IL-1 and NO production from synoviocytes. Conclusion: TFA has significant therapeutic effects on AA rats, which might be related to both of anti-oxidative effect and the reduced production of IL-1 and NO from synoviocytes.
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Traditional Chinese medicine always pays close attention to the strengthening of the patient"s general resitence against illness, ther are many Chinese herbs used for thousands of years are considered as tonics. Animal experiments and modern clinica; trails have shown that quite a number herbs are immunologically active, and most of the tonics are excellent immunomodulating agents, such as polysaccharides or saponins isolated from Astragalus mongholicus, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax notoginseng, which stimulated mactophages, promoted antibody formation, actived complement and increased T lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, some of them were proved to be anti-irradiative and protected animals from liver intoxications. On the other hand, some anti-inflammative or anti-pyretic hervs such as Tripterygium wilfordii, Aconitum and Artemiasiae species were proved to have immunosuppressive principles, some of them were now used clinically for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, chronic nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and various skin disorders. Pharmacological studies revealed that they have depressant effect on most of the humoral-immunity but not on the cell-mediated immunity. Some of them stimulated adrenal cortex functions and prolonged the survival time of transplanted allograft tissues.
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Tripterygium , Astragalus propinquus , Panax notoginseng , Eleutherococcus , AconitumABSTRACT
The effects of radix hedysari polysaccharide (RHPS)and Astragli polysac-charide(APS)on immune function was studied in normal mice and in themice whose immune function had been suppressed by the use ofcyclophosphamide(CY)or prednisolone(PDS).RHPS or APS 500mg,1000mg/kg ip qd?6d to mice,could increase spleen weight(p
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The protective effect of Astragalus saponins or Astragalus mongholicus bunge on the micro -model of cultured new born rat heart cells infected with Coxsackie B, virus was observed. After inoculation with 1000 TCID Coxsackie B, virus, the cardiac enzyme lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) was much lower in the Astragalus saponins or Astragalus mongholiais bunge treated groups than in those untreated groups, but the synthesis rate of DNA was higher. Virus titer in the supernatant of cultures was detected 48 h after virus challenge. The virus titer of the Astragalus saponins (Lg 3.78 TCID) or the Astragalus mongholiais bunge (Lg 4.33 TCID50) treated groups was lower than in those untreated groups (Lg 5.78 TCID50). These results show that the Astragalus saponins may be a useful drug in treatment of acute viral myocarditis.