Aspectos clínicos e hemodinâmicos das lesöes coronárias näo-obstrutivas: estudo retrospectivo comparativo / Clinical and henodynamic aspects of non-obstructive javascript:void(0);coronary lesions: a comparative retrospective study

PURPOSE--To study the clinical and hemodynamic aspects of a group of patient presenting non-obstructive coronary lesions. METHODS--We reviewed 963 coronary angiographies performed at a same institution. The 52 patients presenting only stenosis < or = 50 per cent after semi-quantitative measurement composed group I, which was compared with two other groups consisted of 52 patients each: one, with patients presenting univascular lesion > 50 per cent (group II) and the other with normal coronary arteriographies (group III). RESULTS--Mean age was similar in groups I and II (49.4 +/- 6.89 and 51.3 +/- 7.86, p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that of group III (44.8 +/- 6.81, p < 0.05). Risk factors did not discriminate group I (GI) from groups II (GII) and III (GIII). During a follow-up period of 63 months, the number of hospital admissions due to cardiac events and repetitions of coronary arteriography were similar in GI and GII, being significantly less frequent in GIII (p < 0.00001 and 0.001; p < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). By the end of the follow-up period, though angina and heart failure functional classes had been similar in the three groups, patients in groups I and II were using more medications than those in group III (p < 0.0001 and 0.00001). Mean ejection fractions (per cent) were lower in GI and GII (67.04 +/- 10.13 and 68.90 +/- 11.32) than in GIII (74.69 +/- 6.40, p < 0.01). Lesions were predominantly proximal in GI when compared with GII (p < 0.05). Length, simmetry, ulceration, thrombus and proximal shoulder showed no difference between GI and GII. CONCLUSION--Patients with non-obstructive coronary lesions were similar to those with univascular lesion > 50 per cent regarding several aspects and were considerably different from those with normal coronary arteries

Angioplastia coronária em octogenários / Coronary angioplasty in octogenarians

Objetivo - Avaliar e discutir as indicações, resultados e evolução de pacientes com idade ≥ 80 anos submetidos a angioplastia coronária.Métodos - No período de junho de 1987 a julhode 1990, 36 pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos, realizaram angioplastia coronária como método terapêutico alternativo. A idade variou de 80 a 85 (média = 83) anos, sendo 25 do sexo masculino. Considerou-se a obstrução significativa quando a estenose fosse maior ou igual a 70% do diâmetro da artéria. Resultado satisfatório, após a realização do procedimento, foi considerado quando houvesse redução da obstrução a valores menores ou iguais a 50%. Resultados - O sucesso inicial da angioplastia coronária foi observado em 34/36 (94,4%) pacientes. Dos 46 vasos abordados, obteve-se sucesso em 44 (95,6%). Em apenas um paciente foi observada oclusão coronária aguda seguida de infarto agudo do miocárdio, tratado clinicamente. Não houve cirurgia de emergência ou óbitos imediatos nesta série. Quinze dos 34 pacientes, que obtiveram sucesso inicial, puderam ser acompanhados na evolução clínica; 4/15 (26,6%) foram reestudados - (1, 3,6 e 12 meses pós-angioplastia), devido ao reaparecimento de angina; 2 evidenciaram reestenose sendo redilatados com sucesso. Na evolução clínica desses 15 pacientes, num período de 1 a 21 (média = 9,6) meses, incluindo os pacientes redilatados, observaram-se os seguintes fatos: 2 (13,3%) pacientes apresentaram infarto agudo do miocárdio, sendo tratados clinicamente; óbito tardio ocorreu em 3 (20%) pacientes, 1 de natureza cardíaca. A sobrevivência, no período observado, foi 12/15 (80%) pacientes pacientes octogenários, nesta série, mostrou ser um procedimento intervencionista alternativo, seguro e eficaz no tratamento deste subgrupo de pacientes Conclusão - A angioplastia coronária em pacientes octogenários, nesta série, mostrou ser um procedimento intervencionista alternativo, seguro e eficaz notratamento deste subgrupo de pacientes

Purpose - To evaluate the indications, results and follow - up of patients with 80 years old and over, who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods - From July 1987 through July 1990,36 patients, 80 years of age and over, had PTCA as an alternative method to treat coronary artery disease. Their age ranged from 80 to 85 (mean = 83) years. Twenty five were male. Significative obstrution was considered when 70% or more of the internal diameter was stenosed. Satisfactory results were achieved when reduction of 50% or more of the coronary artery obstruction was obtained. Results - In 34 of 36 patients (94.4%), PTCA was successfully performed. Forty four of 46 coronary arteries were successfully dilated. One patient had acute coronary occlusion with acute myocardial infarction treated clinically. There were no emergency surgeries or early deaths. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 15 of the 34 patients. Four had repeated coronary arteriography (at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after primary PTCA) due to angina. Two of them had restenosis and were successfully redilated (the patients restudied at 3 and 6 months, respectively). Within a mean clinical follow-up period of9.6 (ranging from 1 from 21) months the following features were observed: two of 15 patients (13.3%) had acute myocardial infarction and were clinically followed; late death occured in 3 patients (20%) with only one related to cardiac events. Survival has been observed in 12 of these 15 patients (80%). Conclusion - PTCA represents an alternative, safe and effective invasive procedure to treat octogenarians with coronary artery disease

Angioplastia na circulação coronária nativa em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizaçäo miocárdica / Native coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery surgery

Objetivo - Avaliar os resultados clínicos da angioplastia na circulaçäo coronária nativa em pacientes previamente submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. Métodos - No período de junho de 1987 a julho de 1990, 69 pacientes previamente submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizaçäo miocárdica realizaram angioplastia na sua circulaçäo coronária nativa. A idade variou de 31 a 82 (média = 57,5) anos, sendo 58 pacientes do sexo masculino. Todos os pacientes apresentavam angina do peito e foram agrupados de acordo com as seguintes características: grupo I - revascularizaçäo incompleta por ocasiäo da cirurgia (28 pacientes); grupo II - progressäo da doença em vasos näo tratados cirurgicamente (24 pacientes) e, grupo III - progressäo da doença em vasos tratados cirurgicamente (17 pacientes). Resultados - O sucesso da angioplastia foi de 94% (65/69). Para os grupos I, II e III este índice foi 95%, 92% e 94%, respectivamente. Complicaçöes imediatas ocorreram em 4% dos pacientes, näo havendo cirurgia de emergência ou óbito nesta série. Quarenta pacientes foram reestudados (61%) em um período médio de 4 meses. Reestenose angiográfica foi observada em 10 pacientes (25), sendo 8 destes redilatados. A sobrevida foi de 95% (60/63%, sendo que 75% (45/60) apresentavam-se livres de eventos coronarianos ao final do período médio de observaçäo clínica de 13 meses. Conclusäo - A angioplastia neste grupo de pacientes foi um procedimento seguro e eficaz no tratamento da doença obstrutiva da circulaçäo coronária nativa

Purpose - To evaluate the clinical results after angioplasty in the native coronary vessels in patients who had undergone previous coronary artery surgery. Methods - From June 1987 to July 1990, 69 patients with previous coronary artery surgery underwent coronary angioplasty in the native arteries. Age ranged from 31 to 82 (mean = 57.5) years, fifty eight were males. Angina was present in all patients. The patients were classified in three groups according to the following criteria: group I incomplete revascularization following bypass surgery (28 patients); group II - progression of the disease in ungrafled vessels (24 patienis) and group III progression of the disease in grafted vessels (17 patients). Results - Primary success was achieved in 94% (65/69). Ninety -five percent in group I, 92% in group II and 94% in group III. Complications occurred in 4%; emergency surgery or deaths were not observed in this study. Forty patiens (61%) repeated coronary arteriography an average follow-up of 4 months and restenosis was detected in 10 (25%); 8 of them were redilated. Survival rates was 95% and 75% of them were free of coronary events after an average followup of 13 months. Conclusion - Coronary angioplasty in these patients is a safe and effective interventional procedure in the treatment of coronary artery disease in native coronary vessels

Infarto do miocárdio: comparaçäo dos achados anátomo-patológicos em coraçäo com e sem aterosclerose coronária grave em 194 casos de necrópsia / Myocardial infarction: comparison of pathological findings from hearts with and without severe coronary atherrosclerosis in 194 necropsy cases

Objetivo ­ Comparar as características morfológicas do infarto do miocárdio (IM) de pacientes com aterosclerose coronária causando obstrução da luz superior (com aterosclerose grave ­ AG) e inferior a 70% (sem AG). Métodos ­ 194 corações obtidos em necrópsia consecutivas de pacientes gue morreram por IM com idade entre 21 e 82 (média 60) anos, sendo 174 com e 20 sem AG. Resultados ­ A idade média no grupo com Ag foi 56 e a mediana 59 anos; no outro grupo, a média foi de 60 e a mediana 61 anos, havendo diferença significativa na distribuição etária (p = 0,023), com maior quantidade de pacientes abaixo de 40 anos no grupo sem AG. Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao sexo (31,0% de mulheres no grupo com AG e 35,0% no grupo sem AG, p = 0,718), peso médio do coração (com AG 500 g, sem AG 560 g), distribuição dos casos conforme tendo infarto recente apenas, infarto antigo apenas ou ambos (com AG - 36,2%, 28,2% e 35,6% respectivamente; sem AG - 45,0%, 20,0% e 35,0% respectivamente; p = 0,666), paredes acometidas pelos IM (p = 0,715), incidência de infarto hemorrágico (com AG­8,6%, sem AG - 15,0%, p = 0,406), de ruptura de ventrículo esquerdo (com Ag­5,2%, sem AG­10,0%, p = 0,719) e de aneurisma dessa câmara (com AG - 12,1%, sem AG - 15%, p = 0,316). Encontrouse associação entre AG e trombose coronária (trombose antiga recanalizada­p < 0,0001; trombose recente­p = 0,046), que todavia existia quando se restringiu a comparação à trombose recente nos casos não-operados de IM agudo (p = 0,091). Conclusão O grau de obstrução coronária superior ou não a 70% não condicionou diferenças morfológicas significativas em casos fatais de IM. Este dado sugere que esse fator não altera de maneira importante a história natural do IM.

Purpose ­ To compare morphological features of myocardial infarction (MI) from patients with any epicardial coronary artery narrowed at some point more then 70% (severe coronary atherosclerosis­SCA) with those from patients with either no coronary atherosclerosis or only mild (less than 70%) atherosclerosis. Methods ­ Necropsy findings from 194 patients who died due to MI, 174 patients with and 20 without SCA. Ages ranged from 21 to 82 (mean 60) years. Results ­ Mean age was 60 years in the cases with SCA and 56 in the case without it; nevertheless, age distribution was different (p = 0,023), due to the existence of more patients under age 40 in the group without SCA. There was no significant difference concerning sex (31.0% of female patients in the group with SCA and 35,0% in the other group, p = 0.718), mean heart weight (500 g and 506 g), distibution of cases according to time of evolution of MI in recent only, old only or both (cases with SCA - 36.2%, 28.2% and 35.6%; cases without SCA - 45.0% and 20%; p = 0,666), left ventricular wall commited by the MI (p=0.715), incidence of hemorrhagic infarction (with SCA - 8.6%; without SCA - 15.0%; p = 0.406), left ventricular rupture (with SCa - 5.17%, without SCA - 10.0%; p = 0.719) and left ventricular aneurysms (with SCA­12.1%, without SCA - 15.0%; p = 0,316). An association was found between coronary ahterosclerosis and recent (p=0,046) and recanalized (p<0.001) thrombosis, but absent when only recent thrombosis and non-operated cases with recent MI were considered (p = 0.091). Conclusion Necropsy of fatal cases of MI were not signifícantly different in the presence or absence of severe atherosclerotic narrowing (>70%) of epicardial coronary arteries, suggesting that this factor does not modify the natural history of MI.