ABSTRACT
@#Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is an adipocytokine existing in the circulation. It is closely related to the incidence of macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also promotes the occurrence and development of diabetic microangiopathy. This paper summarized the progress in the field about the structure and function of RBP4, RBP4 and coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, as well as RBP4 and diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
ABSTRACT
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is an adipocytokine existing in the circulation. It is closely related to the incidence of macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also promotes the occurrence and development of diabetic microangiopathy. This paper summarized the progress in the field about the structure and function of RBP4, RBP4 and coronary heart disease and atheroscle-rosis, as well as RBP4 and diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin(LEP),adiponectin(ADPN)and leptin-to-adiponectin(L/A)ratio with cardio ankle vascular index(CAVI)in the patients maintaining hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Sixty MHD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of LEP and ADPN were determined by ELISA.Atherosclerosis was evaluated by the cardio ankle vascular index which was measured by using a VaSera VS-1000 machine.Results The levels of serum LEP and ADPN in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls([7.99 ± 1.21]μg/L vs.[4.18 ± 1.10]pg/L)and([15.12 ± 4.68]mg/L vs.[8.58 ± 2.23]mg/L),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].With the progression of atherosclerosis,the levels of serum LEP increased significantly,while the levels of serum ADPN decreased significantly.The L/A ratio was dramatically increased in patients with atherosclerosis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with CAVI include age,diabetes,levels of LEP and L/A ratio.Conclusion The increased serum LEP level and decreased serum ADPN level may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in MHD patients.The L/A ratio may be a powerful independentpredictor for CAVI in MHD patients.
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Objective To construct a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) transgenic mouse model of atherosclerosis.Methods Purified 5-LO fragment was injected into male pronucli and the firtilized eggs were transplanted into pseudopregnant mice.PCR and Southern blot were used to detect the genotype of DNA separated from the newborn mouse tail tissues.RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the gene transcription and expression.Results PCR and Southern blot results showed that 7 of 25 mice were transgenic mice.Expression of 5-LO and FLAP was found in the bone marrow,spleen,kidney,and peritoneal cells.Results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that No.9,20,24transgenic mice expressed a higher level of 5-LO and FLAP than those in the wild type C57BL/6 mice.The expression levels in bone marrow and peritoneal cells were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion A 5-LO transgenie mouse line has been established in this study and may be used for future study on the function of 5-LO gene.
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Rosiglitazone was used for intervention of atherosclerosis in diabetic rabbits.The results showed that the intima/medium thickness ratio,cross section area of plaque,and the expressions of NADPH oxidase p22phox,gp91 phox were decreased;while the total anti-oxidative ability was increased after administration of rosiglitazone as compared with the non-intervention group(all P<0.05).Compared with rosiglitazone treatment group,serum hepatocuprein leveI in rosiglitazone prevention group was increased,while serum malonaldehyde level decreased(both P<0.05).This study suggests that rosiglitazone may have the effect of reducing the oxidative stress and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in diabetics.
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Objective To assess the value of echo tracking(ET) technique on atherosclerosis in the rabbit models, and to probe the pathological foundation of its indexes changes and the usefulness in evaluating arterial elasticity. Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly: group A was the control group;group B,C were fed with high lipid feedstuffs for 8 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. The ET examination of abdominal aorta was performed in group A and group B at the end of 8 weeks,it was performed in group A and group C at the end of 12 weeks. The parameters of elasticity were measured including pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), stiffness parameters(β), pulse wave velocity (PWVβ), augmentation index (AI), arterial compliance (AC), etc. Two dimensional ultrasound and pathological examination of abdominal aorta were performed at the same time. Results No obvious plaque and arterial wall thickness were seen in the abdominal aorta. Ep,β,PWVβ of group C were higher than that of group A and B, while AC of group C was lower than that of group A and B, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). AI had no significant difference in all groups (P>0.05). Pathological examinations indicated that foam cell formation was seen in the abdominal aorta intima, the elastic fiber layer and smooth muscle layer were kept well in B group. Lots of cholesterol crystal formation was seen in the abdominal aorta intima and the two layer were obvious destroyed in group C. Conclusions ET can detect the atherosclerosis earlier than two-dimensional ultrasound. ET can detect the elasticity changes only when the elastic fiber layer and smooth muscle layer were destroyed . So it can be concluded that the destroy of elastic fiber layer and smooth muscle layer may be the pathological foundation of ET elasticity parameters changes.
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Objective To observe the effect of Zhi Qing Capsule on the plaque formation of hyperlipemia rabbits and to discuss its mechanism.Methods Forty-eight New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group,hyperlipemia group,Xuezhikang control group and three Zhi Qing capsule groups.Before and after 2-week treatment,the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in the serum were determined.After 4-week treatment,TC and TG contents in the liver,and nitric oxide(NO),thromboxan B2(TXB2) and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels in the serum were measured.At the end of the sixth week,all rabbits were killed to observe aorta pathological changes.Results Zhi Qing Capsule can obviously counteract the increase of serum TC,LDL-C and liver TC in the hyperlipemia rabbits,restrain the formation of aorta atherosclerotic plaques,increase the level of NO and decrease the levels of TXB2 and ET-1.Conclusion Zhi Qing Capsule has an evident effect on resisting the lipid metabolism disturbance and atherosclerosis.