Migraine as a source of artistic inspiration / Enxaqueca como fonte de inspiração artística

This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between migraines and art, tracing historical examples and contemporary interpretations of how migraines, especially those with a visual aura, have influenced artists. Highlights how migraines may have shaped artistic inspiration, delving into notable, questionably migraine-infected figures such as Hildegard of Bingen, Giorgio de Chirico, Pablo Picasso, and Salvador Dali, examining how their experiences may have influenced their works. Furthermore, it addresses the emergence of 'migraine art' sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry, presenting the intersection between art, neuroscience, and public engagement. The diagnostic complexity and differentiation of migraines from epilepsy are also discussed, with a special focus on the symptoms of the visual aura and how this has been portrayed through various artistic representations, thus inviting further exploration of the relationship between neurological conditions and creative expression.

Esta revisão narrativa explora a intrincada relação entre enxaquecas e arte, traçando exemplos históricos e interpretações contemporâneas de como as enxaquecas, especialmente aquelas com aura visual, influenciaram os artistas. Destaca como as enxaquecas podem ter moldado a inspiração artística, investigando figuras notáveis e questionavelmente infectadas pela enxaqueca, como Hildegard de Bingen, Giorgio de Chirico, Pablo Picasso e Salvador Dali, examinando como suas experiências podem ter influenciado suas obras. Além disso, aborda o surgimento da "arte da enxaqueca" patrocinada pela indústria farmacêutica, apresentando a intersecção entre arte, neurociência e envolvimento público. A complexidade diagnóstica e a diferenciação entre enxaquecas e epilepsia também são discutidas, com especial foco nos sintomas da aura visual e como esta tem sido retratada através de diversas representações artísticas, convidando assim a uma maior exploração da relação entre condições neurológicas e expressão criativa.

Frecuencia de migraña y discapacidad generada en estudiantes de medicina humana de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú / Frequency of migraine and disability generated in medical students at a private university in Lima Peru

Objetivo : Estimar la frecuencia de migraña, y discapacidad generada en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Métodos : Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, mediante la aplicación online del autocuestionario ALCOI-95, para evaluar la presencia de migraña, seguido por el cuestionario MIDAS para medir la discapacidad en los positivos al primer cuestionario. El rendimiento académico fue evaluado mediante el promedio ponderado de sus calificaciones. Resultados : Cuarenticinco (21,6%) de 208 estudiantes experimentaron migraña (12,5% con aura y 9,1% sin aura), 14 (33,3%) de los cuales mostraron discapacidad severa y 12 (28,6%) moderada. Los portadores de migraña con aura tuvieron una media menor del promedio ponderado acumulado de sus calificaciones, comparado con aquellos con migraña sin aura. Los factores independientemente asociados a la migraña fueron tener un miembro de la familia nuclear con migraña y problemas para mantener el sueño. Conclusión : Dos de cada 10 estudiantes presentaron migraña y 1/3 de los afectados experimentó discapacidad severa.

SUMMARY Objective: To estimate the frequency of migraine, associated factors and disability generated (including its relationship with academic performance) in medical students at a private university in Metropolitan Lima. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic convenience sample using the online application of the ALCOI-95 self-questionnaire, to assess the presence of migraine, followed by the MIDAS questionnaire to measure disability in those positive to the first questionnaire. . Results: Fourty-five (21.6%) of 208 students experienced migraine (12.5% with aura and 9.1% without aura), 14 (33.3%) of whom showed severe, and 12 (28.6%) moderate disability. Migraine with aura carriers had a lower mean than the cumulative weighted average of their academic scores. Independent factors associated with migraine were to have a nuclear family member with migraine, and sleep-maintenance problems. Conclusion: Two out of 10 students had migraine, and one third of them had severe disability.

Differences of resting-state percent amplitude of fluctuations among migraineurs without aura with different efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between migraine without aura (MwoA) patients with response or nonresponse to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and its correlation with migraine-related features.Methods:From February 2021 to April 2022, thirty MwoA patients with response to NSAIDs, 30 MwoA patients with nonresponse to NSAIDs, and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.All subjects were scanned with a 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner.The percent amplitude of fluctuation (perAF) approach was used to calculate the differences of the resting state brain functional activities among the three groups (Bonferroni multiple comparison correction). SPSS 24.0 software and RESTplus software were used for statistical analysis.Analysis of variance was used for the perAF values of three groups.Correlation analysis was performed between perAF values of brain regions with significant differences and migraine-related features.Results:The brain areas showing significant differences of perAF among the three groups located in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)( x, y, z = -6, 9, -3), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)( x, y, z =-39, 48, 9) and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG)( x, y, z = -57, -30, -15)(all P<0.05, Bonferroni correction). Compared with nonresponse group, the perAF in response group showed significant decreased in the left ACC, MFG and MTG.There was positive correlation between the perAF of left ACC and disease duration ( r=0.506, P=0.007). Compared with healthy controls, the perAF of nonresponse group showed increased in the left ACC, which was negatively correlated with frequency ( r=-0.414, P=0.032). Conclusion:The neural activity of prefrontal cortex and ACC may be the neuropathological basis underlying response to NSAIDs in MwoA treatment.Moreover, the ACC has certain correlations with migraine-related characteristics, which may serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs.

Heat-sensitive moxibustion for migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect between heat-sensitive moxibustion and mild moxibustion for migraine without aura.@*METHODS@#A total of 54 patients with migraine without aura were randomized into an observation group (27 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (27 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The basic western medication treatment was adopted in the two groups. In the control group, mild moxibustion was applied at Shuaigu (GB 8), Fengchi (GB 20) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) on the affected side. In the observation group, the frequent acupoint areas of the affected side i.e. Shuaigu (GB 8), Fengchi (GB 20), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Taichong (LR 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34) were determined, 3 acupoints with strong heat-sensitive sensation were selected each time and mild moxibustion was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times of treatment was as one course and 2 courses were required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of migraine symptom, visual analogue scale (VAS), migraine specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ) were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of migraine symptom and VAS were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), while the MSQ scores were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01) in the two groups. After treatment, the scores of migraine symptom and VAS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the MSQ score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 92.0% (23/25) in the observation group, which was superior to 72.0% (18/25) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both heat-sensitive moxibustion and mild moxibustion can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve the headache degree and life quality in patients with migraine without aura, the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion is superior to that of mild moxibustion.

Migraine with aura and stroke - the role of warning signs in the context of secondary headaches: case report / Enxaqueca com aura e acidente vascular cerebral ­ o papel dos sinais de alerta no contexto das cefaleias secundárias: relato de caso

Introduction: Headache is a very common complaint in doctors' offices, with primary causes being the majority in relation to secondary ones. Despite this, the identification of secondary headaches is very relevant in clinical practice, since these can be a life-threatening condition, functionality or even a reversible cause. However, imaging screening for all individuals with headache is costly and unrewarding. Therefore, it is important to know the warning signs that, together with the clinical context, lead to a more precise indication of these exams and early and well-targeted therapeutic interventions. Clinical case: This is a 60-year-old man, previously dyslipidemic and smoker, with migraine with aura reported since childhood, who underwent treatment with sodium valproate, with headache attack suppression. About 4 months before admission, he presented with an alteration in the pain pattern, amaurosis fugax in the right eye, dizziness and mild paresis and hypoesthesia in the left side of the body, primarily treated by him as migraine crises, without improvement with the use of triptans. A new outpatient investigation was carried out, which showed multiple small infarcts in the right hemisphere secondary to atheromatous plaque in the right carotid bulb with an obstruction of approximately 85%. Diagnostic and therapeutic arteriography was performed, with stent implantation, uneventfully. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis between migraine with aura and a cerebrovascular event has already been widely reported in the literature and constitutes a pitfall in the routine of headaches, since a serious and potentially disabling condition can be overlooked. The joint evaluation of the alarm signs with the global context becomes an important tool in the propaedeutics of these patients, with knowledge of this casuistry being something relevant within clinical practice.

Introdução: A cefaleia é uma queixa muito comum nos consultórios médicos, sendo as causas primárias majoritárias em relação às secundárias. Apesar disso, a identificação de cefaleias secundárias é muito relevante na prática clínica, uma vez que estas podem ser uma condição potencialmente fatal, funcional ou mesmo uma causa reversível. No entanto, o rastreio imagiológico para todos os indivíduos com cefaleias é dispendioso e pouco recompensador. Portanto, é importante conhecer os sinais de alerta que, juntamente com o contexto clínico, levam a uma indicação mais precisa destes exames e a intervenções terapêuticas precoces e bem direcionadas. Caso clínico: Trata-se de um homem de 60 anos, previamente dislipidémico e fumador, com queixa de enxaqueca com aura desde a infância, que realizou tratamento com valproato de sódio, com supressão das crises de cefaleia. Cerca de 4 meses antes da internação apresentou alteração do padrão álgico, amaurose fugaz em olho direito, tontura e leve paresia e hipoestesia no lado esquerdo do corpo, tratada por ele primariamente como crises de enxaqueca, sem melhora com o uso de triptanos. Foi realizada nova investigação ambulatorial que evidenciou múltiplos pequenos infartos no hemisfério direito secundários a placa de ateroma no bulbo carotídeo direito com obstrução de aproximadamente 85%. Foi realizada arteriografia diagnóstica e terapêutica, com implante de stent, sem intercorrências. Conclusão: O diagnóstico diferencial entre enxaqueca com aura e evento cerebrovascular já foi amplamente relatado na literatura e constitui uma armadilha na rotina das cefaleias, uma vez que uma condição grave e potencialmente incapacitante pode ser negligenciada. A avaliação conjunta dos sinais de alarme com o contexto global torna-se uma ferramenta importante na propedêutica destes pacientes, sendo o conhecimento desta casuística algo relevante dentro da prática clínica.

Chronic headache and cannabinoids use: myths and truths / Cefaleia crônica e uso de canabinoides: mitos e verdades

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of cannabis for medical purposes is known since ancient times. The endocannabinoid system is present throughout central and peripheral nervous system and plays a role in many important regulatory physiological processes like immune function, synaptic plasticity, pain and regulation of stress and emotion, among others. Due to its wide distribution and according to researches, cannabis can be indicated for symptoms management in different disorders such as chronic pain, headache, epilepsy, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. The primary cannabinoids studied to date include delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). The active ingredients in cannabis include flavonoids, terpenes, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and they are able to act within the endocannabinoid system and decrease nociception and also the frequency of the symptoms. The purpose of the article is to document the validity of how medical cannabis can be utilized as an alternative therapy for chronic headache management and enlighten about false beliefs regarding its use. CONTENTS: Sixty-four relevant articles were selected after a thorough screening process using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The following keywords were used: "Cannabis", "Medical Marijuana", "Headache", "Migraine", "Cannabis and Migraine", "Cannabis and Headache". This literature study demonstrates that medical cannabis use decreases migraine duration and frequency and headaches of unknown origin. CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from migraines and related conditions may benefit from medical cannabis therapy due to its convenience and efficacy.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O uso da cannabis medicinal é conhecido desde a antiguidade. O sistema endocanabinoide está distribuído no sistema nervoso central e periférico e atua como importante regulador em processos fisiológicos como função imune, plasticidade sináptica, regulação da dor e das emoções/estresse, entre outros. Devido à sua ampla distribuição e, de acordo com pesquisas, a cannabis pode ser indicada no manejo de sintomas em diferentes condições, como dor crônica, cefaleias, epilepsia, ansiedade e outras doenças psiquiátricas. Os canabinoides primários estudados são o 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), canabigeral (CBG), e a tetrahidrocannabivarina (THCV). Os ingredientes ativos da cannabis incluem flavonoides, terpenos, delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), canabidiol (CBD), e eles são capazes de agir dentro do sistema endocanabinoide e diminuir a nocicepção e a frequência dos sintomas. O objetivo deste estudo foi documentar a validade de como a cannabis medicinal pode ser utilizada como terapia alternativa para o manejo da cefaleia crônica, além de esclarecer sobre falsas crenças ligadas a seu uso. CONTEÚDO: Sessenta e quatro artigos foram selecionados por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed e Google Scholar. As seguintes palavras-chave foram usadas: "Cannabis", "Maconha Medicinal", "Cefaleia", "Enxaqueca", "Cannabis e Enxaqueca", "Cannabis e Cefaleia". A literatura mostra que o uso da cannabis medicinal reduz a duração e a frequência da enxaqueca e das cefaleias de origens não conhecidas. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes sofrendo com enxaqueca e condições relacionadas podem se beneficiar da terapia com cannabis devido à sua conveniência e eficácia.

Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: part II / Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia (SBCe) para o tratamento profilático da migrânea episódica: parte II

Abstract Background Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder. Objective The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience. Methods Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document. The drug classes studied in part II of this Consensus were: antihypertensives, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, other drugs, and rational polytherapy. Results From this list of drugs, only candesartan has been established as effective in controlling episodic migraine. Flunarizine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and pizotifen were defined as likely to be effective, while lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, quetiapine, atorvastatin, simvastatin, cyproheptadine, and melatonin were possibly effective in prophylaxis of the disease. Conclusions Despite an effort by the scientific community to find really effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, given the large number of drugs tested for this purpose, we still have few therapeutic options.

Resumo Antecedentes Migrânea afeta um bilhão de pessoas em todo o mundo e mais de 30 milhões de brasileiros; além disso, é um distúrbio subdiagnosticado e subtratado. Objetivo Sabe-se sobre a necessidade de difundir o conhecimento sobre o tratamento profilático da migrânea; por isso, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleias (SBCe) nomeou um comitê de autores com o objetivo de estabelecer um consenso com recomendações sobre o tratamento profilático da migrânea episódica com base em artigos da literatura mundial, assim como da experiência pessoal. Métodos As reuniões foram realizadas inteiramente online, com a participação de 12 grupos que revisaram e escreveram sobre as categorias farmacológicas dos medicamentos e, ao final, reuniram-se para a leitura e conclusão do documento. As classes de medicamentos estudadas na parte II deste Consenso foram: anti-hipertensivos, inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina, inibidores de recaptação de serotonina e noradrenalina, bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio, outros medicamentos e politerapia racional. Resultados Desta lista de medicamentos, apenas o candesartan foi estabelecido como eficaz no controle da migrânea episódica. Flunarizina, venlafaxina, duloxetina e pizotifeno foram definidos como provavelmente eficazes, enquanto lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamina, quetiapina, atorvastatina, sinvastatina, ciproheptadina e melatonina foram possivelmente eficazes na profilaxia da doença. Conclusões Apesar do esforço da comunidade científica em encontrarmedicamentos realmente eficazes no tratamento da migrânea, dado o grande número de medicamentos testados para este fim, ainda dispomos de poucas opções terapêuticas.

Headaches and obesity / Obesidade e cefaleia

ABSTRACT Obesity and headache disorders are two very common conditions in the general population that have been increasing in incidence over the last decades. Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between obesity and headaches, particularly migraine, with an important role in whether the disease is chronic. On the other hand, no such association was found with tension-type headaches. Studies showing an overlapping of hunger-control pathways and those involved in the pathophysiology of migraine may justify the close association between obesity and migraine. Moreover, a secondary headache for which obesity is a strong risk factor is idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), with several studies showing the impact of weight reduction/bariatric surgery in the treatment of the disease. In conclusion, since obesity is a modifiable risk factor, it is important for physicians treating patients with headaches, and particularly migraine, to be aware of the association between these two disorders.

RESUMO Obesidade e cefaleias são duas condições muito frequentes na população geral e que vem aumentando em incidência nas últimas décadas. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado uma significativa relação entre obesidade e cefaleia, particularmente na enxaqueca, com papel importante na cronificação da doença. Por outro lado, não se observa tal associação com cefaleia do tipo tensão. Trabalhos que mostram uma sobreposição das vias de controle da fome e daquelas envolvidas na fisiopatologia da enxaqueca podem justificar a íntima associação entre obesidade e enxaqueca. Além disso, uma cefaleia secundária para a qual a obesidade é um forte fator de risco é a Hipertensão Intracraniana Idiopática (pseudotumor cerebral), inclusive com diversos estudos mostrando o impacto da redução do peso/cirurgia bariátrica no tratamento da doença. Concluindo, visto que a obesidade é um fator de risco modificável, é importante para os médicos que tratam de pacientes com cefaleia e, particularmente, enxaqueca, estarem cientes da associação entre essas duas comorbidades.

A case of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes mimicking migraine attacks with visual aura / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To study the case of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) which mimic migraine attacks with visual aura, to analyze the clinical features, and to recognize the nature of headache.Methods:The clinical features, image data and video electroencephalogram (EEG) of a suspected patient with MELAS were analyzed. Genomic DNA of mitochondria was extracted from blood and the next generation sequencing was performed to explore the mutation of genes about MELAS.Results:The patient was adolescent-onset, and presented with migraine-like attacks with visual aura, epileptic seizures, stroke-like episodes and hyperlactemia. Brain images suggested basal ganglia calcification, reversible left occipital cortex infarction and abnormal lactic acid peaks in both occipital cortex. Video EEG suggested abnormal adolescent EEG. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing showed that MT-TL1 gene had m. 3243A>G pathogenic mutation.Conclusions:There are a variety of clinical manifestations in MELAS, and migraine-like attacks with visual aura as initial symptoms may be manifestations of occipital lobe epilepsy. Clinicians should avoid confusing the diagnosis of migraine with visual aura, occipital epilepsy and MELAS, in order to make rational clinical decisions.

Le savoir y faire de la gambiarra / O saber saber fazer da gambiarra / The applied know-how of the workaround

Pour discuter le thème plus général de l'invention qui se présente dans la clinique psychanalytique, cet article propose de penser la question des solutions de contournement comme des cas particuliers d'invention marqués par la dimension de la précarité. Cette précarité nous intéresse dans la mesure où elle nous permet d'accéder à une lecture non idéalisée de ce que Lacan formule comme invention sur le destin donné au symptôme dans le terme d'une psychanalyse, qui serait une manière de faire avec quelque chose pour laquelle il n'y a pas de programmation symbolique définie. Dans cette perspective, nous pensons que la pratique du psychanalyste actualise le bricolage de la solution de contournement comme une fuite vers la singularité inventive.

Visando discutir o tema mais geral da invenção que se apresenta no âmbito da clínica psicanalítica, este trabalho propõe pensar a questão da gambiarra como um caso particular de invenção marcada pela dimensão da precariedade. Essa precariedade interessa na medida em que nos permite alcançar uma leitura não idealizada do que Lacan formula como invenção acerca do destino dado ao sintoma no termo de uma psicanálise, que seria um modo de se haver com algo para o qual não se dispõe de uma programação simbólica definida. Nessa perspectiva, acreditamos que a prática do psicanalista atualiza a bricolagem da gambiarra como um escape para a singularidade inventiva.

In order to discuss the more general theme of the invention that presents itself in the scope of psychoanalytic clinic, this work propose to think about the issue of the workaround as a particular case of invention marked by the dimension of precariousness. This precariousness is of interest hereto the extent that it allows us to achieve a non-idealized reading of what Lacan formulates as an invention to describe the destiny given to the symptom at the end of a psychoanalysis, which would be a way of dealing with something for which there is no predefined symbolic setting. From this perspective, we believe that the psychoanalyst's practice updates the DIY aspect of the workaround as an escape towards the inventive singularity.

Investigation of serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in migraine patients / Investigação dos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 em pacientes com migrânea

Abstract Background: Migraines are headaches caused by changes in the trigeminovascular metabolic pathway. Migraine headache attacks are associated with neurovascular inflammation, but their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully explained. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the frequency of attacks in migraine headache. Methods: Three groups were established: migraine with aura (n = 50), migraine without aura (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The migraine diagnosis was made in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta diagnostic criteria. The analyses on serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the migraine patients than in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences in serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found among the migraine patients during attacks or in the interictal period (p>0.05). The serum visfatin and chemerin levels of the migraine patients were positively correlated with their serum IL-18 levels (p < 0.01), while their serum chemerin and visfatin levels were positively correlated with their serum vaspin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that these biomarkers may be related to migraine pathogenesis. Nonetheless, we believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in order to further understand the role of vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.

Resumo Introdução: A migrânea é causada por alterações nas vias metabólicas do sistema trigeminovascular. Crises de migrânea estão associadas à inflamação neurovascular, mas seus mecanismos patofisiológicos ainda não são totalmente explicados. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) e a frequência de crises de migrânea. Métodos: Três grupos foram formados: migrânea com aura (n = 50), migrânea sem aura (n = 50) e grupo controle (n = 50). A migrânea foi diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias (ICHD-III). As análises dos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 foram realizadas utilizando-se o método imunoenzimático (ELISA). Resultados: Os níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) foram significativamente mais elevados em pacientes com migrânea do que no grupo controle (p < 0.01). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada nos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) entre os pacientes com migrânea durante crises ou no período interictal (p>0,05). Os níveis séricos de visfatina e quemerina em pacientes com migrânea se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de IL-18 (p < 0,01), ao passo que os níveis séricos de quemerina e visfatina se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de vaspina (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que estes biomarcadores podem estar relacionados à patogênese da migrânea. Contudo, acreditamos que estudos mais abrangentes são necessários a fim de melhor compreendermos o papel dos níveis de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 na fisiopatologia da migrânea.

Terapias complementarias en migraña y variables relacionadas. Encuesta Europea / Complementary therapies in migraine and related variables. European Survey

Objetivo: valorar el uso de terapias alternativas no farmacológicas en migraña y variables relacionadas. La migraña afecta a una de cada diez personas en el mundo, con aumento creciente y mayor prevalencia entre mujeres de zonas urbanas. Aunque los tratamientos habituales son farmacológicos, se ha incrementado el uso de terapias alternativas no farmacológicas en migraña y variables relacionadas. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta anónima vía web a 3.342 pacientes de países europeos sobre el uso de terapias alternativas para tratamiento de migraña. Variables de estudio: edad, género, país, tipo de localidad, nivel de estudios, ámbito rural o urbano y respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados: la utilización de terapias alternativas en migraña es un fenómeno creciente, con mayor uso en pacientes entre 41-60 años y estudios superiores. Conclusiones: en migraña se observan diferencias por edad, género, nivel cultural y país de procedencia. El uso de la medicina complementaria como alternativa terapéutica en la migraña es poco habitual y se debería indagar con mayor profundidad estableciendo relaciones que permitan apoyar al paciente afectado y priorizar las de mayor evidencia científica..(Au)

Objective: to evaluate the use of alternative non-pharmacological therapies in migraine and related variables. Migraine affects one in ten people worldwide, with a growing increase and a higher prevalence among women in urban areas. Although the usual treatments are pharmacological, the use of alternative techniques is increasing. Materials and methods: cross-sectional observational study by anonymous web survey of 3,342 patients from European countries on the use of alternative therapies. Study variables: age, gender, country, type of locality, educational level, rural or urban setting and treatment response. Results: the use of alternative therapies in migraine treatment is a growing phenomenon, with greater use in patients between 41-60 years of age and higher education. Conclusions: in Migraine, differences are observed by age, gender, cultural level and country of origin. The use of complementary medicine as an therapeutic alternative in migraine is uncommon and should be investigated in greater depth, establishing relationships that allow supporting the affected patient and prioritizing, if possible, some over others with scientific evidence..(Au)

Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Diseases and Migraine Without Aura: A Cross-sectional Study / 胃肠病学

Background: Previous studies have found that patients with gastrointestinal diseases have a higher incidence of headache, while migraine patients are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Understanding the relationship between diseases can provide new ideas for the study of its mechanism. Aims: To explore the co-occurrence and related risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and migraine without aura (MWoA). Methods: A total of 2 696 adult rural residents in Shaanxi Province were investigated by random stratified sampling. MWoA, GERD, FD and IBS were diagnosed based on ICHD-IIIβ, Montreal classification and Rome , respectively. The prevalence of the single disease and overlapping prevalence of MWoA were calculated. The prevalence rates of GERD, FD and IBS between MWoA group and non-MWoA group were compared, and the disease-related risk factors were analyzed. Results: In this study, a total of 2 423 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence rates of GERD, FD and IBS were 12.5%, 15.6% and 6.9%, respectively, and the prevalence rate of MWoA was 8.8%. The prevalence rates of GERD (30.5% vs. 10.7%), FD (37.1% vs. 13.5%) and IBS (27.2% vs. 4.9%) in MWoA group were all higher than those in non-MWoA group (P all < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that female, hypertension, chronic motor system diseases were positively correlated with GERD, FD, IBS and MWoA. Conclusions: There is a certain association between GERD, FD, IBS and MWoA.

Effect and Safety of Penetrating Moxibustion in Treatment of Migraine without Aura: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of penetrating moxibustion on migraine without aura (MO) patients.@*METHODS@#Totally 60 MO patients from the Acupuncture Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine were collected from November 2015 to February 2017. All patients were assigned to a treatment group and a control group using a random number table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with penetrating moxibustion, and the control group was treated with mild moxibustion, thrice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The total effective rate, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, headache intensity, and Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) scores of patients after treatment were compared between the two groups. The moxibustion sensation and reaction after moxibustion were observed, and the adverse reactions were evaluated. All patients were followed up at 4 and 16 weeks after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (93.33% vs. 80.00%, P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Penetrating moxibustion can significantly relieve pain and improve quality of life of MO patients. After penetrating moxibustion, flushing and sweating of patients were obvious, and the curative effect was superior to the mild moxibustion.

Clinical observation on horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for migraine without aura in acute stage / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets, simple horizontal penetration needling and simple rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for migraine without aura in acute stage.@*METHODS@#A total of 99 patients with migraine without aura in acute stage were randomized into an acupuncture plus medication group, an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 33 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, horizontal penetration needling was applied once at Hanyan (GB 4) to Xuanli(GB 6), Shenting (GV 24) to Yintang (GV 29), Baihui (GV 20) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. for 2 h. In the western medication group, oral rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for 10 mg were given once. In the acupuncture plus medication group, treatment of acupuncture combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets were given, the application was the same as the acupuncture group and the western medication group. Before treatment and 0.5, 2, 24 h after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was observed, the remission rate and the disappearance rate of migraine of 2, 24 h after treatment were compared in the 3 groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores of each time point after treatment were decreased in the 3 groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets have significant therapeutic effect on rapid analgesia and continuous analgesia for migraine without aura in acute stage, its effect is superior to simple horizontal penetration needling and simple rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets.

A study of prevalence of migraine in stroke patients and its association with ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke: a cross sectional study

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headache and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Up to one third of patients also have neurological aura symptoms. It has been suggested that migraine can be a risk factor for stroke. Migraine affects three times the number of women than men. The incidence of stroke in men is two times that of women. It is shown in several studies that women aged 35 to 45 years old are at increased risk of ischemic stroke who had migraine with or without aura.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in 350 consecutive patients of stroke who were attended OPD and admitted in wards of the Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, MP, India, during period from December 2017 to December 2018.Results: The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 68% belonged to male group followed by 32% of respondents who were females. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 66.6% had ischemic stroke while, 33.4% had hemorrhagic stroke. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 90.9% had no Migraine while, 9.1% had Migraine. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 31.2% had weekly reoccurrence, followed by forth nightly (25%) and lowest was 3.1% of daily recurrence. The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of headache which found to be significant (p ?0.05). The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of various cerebro-vascular risk factors which found to be significant (p<0.05). Patients having hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke also had HTN in 47% and 12.4% patients respectively.Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that migraine can be established as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment with available medication can be helpful in prevention or decreasing risk for developing stroke.

Assessment of visual evoked potentials in migraineurs: A cross-sectional study

@#Background & Objective: Many studies demonstrated that migraine patients have an interictal habituation and deficit of visual evoked potentials. Controversially, other studies could not reproduce similar finding. Hence, there is a dilemma regarding what should be the ultimate conclusions. The purpose of this study was to compare amplitude and habituation of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in migraine with aura patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 40 migraine with aura patients and 40 controls were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Using the pattern reversal stimuli, visual evoked potential were estimated in all the participants and abnormalities were noted. Results: In migraine with aura patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to deficient habituation after 15 min stimulation. In normal subjects, there was a decrease in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to the effect of habituation. The deficient habituation can be because of decreased serotonin levels resulting in reduced pre-activation of the cortex. Conclusion: Migraine with aura patients show evidence of abnormal cortical processing with interictal hyperactivity seen in heightened responsiveness and lack of habituation to visual evoked responses.

Efectividad de la máscara laríngea Ambu® Aura40TM para anestesia general en cirugía ortopédica pediátrica / Effectiveness of Ambu® Aura40TM laryngeal mask for general anesthetic in pediatric orthopedic surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: las máscaras laríngeas son dispositivos supraglóticos utilizadas ampliamente en anestesia para el abordaje y mantenimiento de la vía respiratoria. Una de ellas, la Ambu® Aura 40TM, tiene un diseño que le permite ajustarse al entorno de la hipofaringe con su lumen dirigido a la apertura laríngea. Ha demostrado ser adecuada para procedimientos quirúrgicos donde no es necesaria la intubación endotraqueal. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad dicha máscara laríngea para anestesia general en cirugía ortopédica pediátrica. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, en 135 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de forma electiva en el Hospital Pediátrico Eliseo Noel Caamaño, de Matanzas, en el periodo enero de 2015- junio 2017. Se tuvo en cuenta el número de intentos y el tiempo para insertar la máscara laríngea, la necesidad de reemplazarla por un tubo endotraqueal y las complicaciones relacionadas con su uso. Resultados: la ML Ambu® Aura 40TM fue efectiva en la mayoría de los pacientes ya que permitió realizar la cirugía sin necesidad de sustituirla por el tubo endotraqueal y la aparición de complicaciones relacionada con su uso fue baja. Conclusiones: la ML Ambu® Aura 40TM fue efectiva ya que en la mayoría de los pacientes fue insertada correctamente en el primer intento y un tiempo inferior a los 20 segundos. Solo una minoría necesitó que fuera reemplazada por el tubo endotraqueal, y la aparición de complicaciones relacionada con su uso fue baja (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: laryngeal mask are supra glottal devices widely used in anesthetics for approaching and maintaining the airway. One of them, the Ambu® Aura 40TM, has a design allowing to adjust to the surroundings of hypo-pharynx with its lumen directed to the pharyngeal opening. It has demonstrated to be adequate for surgical procedures when there is no need of endotracheal intubation. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of that laryngeal mask for general anesthetic in pediatric orthopedic surgery. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive study was carried out in 135 patients who underwent elective surgical intervention in the Pediatric Hospital ?Eliseo Noel Caamaño?, of Matanzas, in the period January 2015- June 2017. The number of attempts and the time needed to insert laryngeal mask, the necessity of changing it for an endotracheal tube, and complications related to its usage were taking into account. Results: Ambu® Aura 40TM laryngeal mask was effective in most patients, due to it allowed to perform the surgery without need of changing it for an endotracheal tube, and the low appearance of complications related to its use. Conclusions: Ambu® Aura 40TM laryngeal mask was effective because it was inserted correctly at the first attempt, in a time less than 20 seconds. Only a minority needed to replace it by endotracheal tube, and the appearance of complications related to its use were low (AU).

Migraña y Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiovascular / Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease

Introducción: la migraña se presenta con más frecuencia en personas que presentan factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: mediante esta revisión bibliográfica narrativa se busca actualizar el conocimiento acerca de la relación existente entre migraña y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular para mejorar la evaluación clínica de estos pacientes. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica en Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Trip Medical Database, New England Journal of Medicine, Elsevier, sobre migraña y riesgo cardiovascular para obtener información con la mejor calidad de evidencia posible. Resultados: se recopilaron 68 artículos, de los cuales se eligieron 33 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión planteados. Discusión: la migraña es una cefalea primaria que afecta sobre todo a mujeres jóvenes, las personas que padecen migraña con aura presentan un incremento de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular ocasionado por disfunción endotelial. El riesgo global es bajo, sin embargo se hace énfasis en la relación existente entre ambos para mejorar la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: existe una estrecha relación entre la migraña con aura y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, sobre todo en mujeres que tienen otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Una adecuada evaluación de dichos factores disminuiría la morbimortalidad de los individuos que padecen de migraña.

Prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in patients of migraine without aura

Background: An association between migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) has been proposed due to shared dopaminergic dysfunction. Both have substantial effects on the quality of life. Identifying co morbidities of migraine helps in optimizing patient management. Objectives To study the prevalence of RLS in patients of migraine without aura, and associated co morbidities of RLS.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study. All patients diagnosed as Migraine without aura as per ICHD-3 criteria completed the questions regarding migraine headache, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) Rating Scale. RLS was diagnosed using the IRLSSG criteria. Serological investigations were done to look for secondary causes of RLS.Results: Out of 200 consecutive patients of migraine without aura were included in the study over a period of 18 months. Frequency of RLS was 13.5% (n=27). All patients had primary RLS. Mean PSQI score was higher in the patients of migraine without aura with RLS than in non RLS patients of migraine without aura (3.30±2.66 vs 2.24±2.03 p≤0.0168). Poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression was found in 9%, 8% and 2.5% respectively in patients of migraine without aura.Conclusions: An association between migraine without aura and RLS was demonstrated. Migraine without aura was associated with increased frequency of poor sleep quality, anxiety and depression.