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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of AD on cardiac function and autonomic nervous function, and the feasibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) in monitoring the development of AD. APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used in the Morris water maze (MWM) experiment to evaluate the changes of cognitive ability of AD mice, then the non-invasive ECG acquisition system was used and the changes of ECG intervals and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed. AD mice already had cognitive dysfunction at the age of 5 months, reaching the level of mild dementia, and the degree of dementia increased with the course of disease. There were no significant changes in ECG intervals in the AD group at each month. The mean square of successive RR interval differences, percentage of intervals >6 ms different from preceding interval, and normalized high frequency power component in the AD group were decreased and low-to-high frequency power ratio and normalized low frequency power component were increased. Combined with the results of the MWM, it was shown that the regulation mechanism of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in mice was already imbalanced in early stage AD, which was manifested as the increase of excessive activity of sympathetic nerves and the inhibition of parasympathetic activities. Therefore, ECG-based analysis of HRV may become a means of daily monitoring of AD and provide an auxiliary basis for clinical diagnosis.
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Background: The occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices (GOV) after endoscopic treatment is obvious, and the role of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nerve function imbalance in the development of gastrointestinal symptoms has not been clarified. Aims: To investigate the changes of GMA and autonomic nerve function in cirrhotic patients with GOV after endoscopic treatment. Methods: Twenty-five cirrhotic patients with GOV from May 2019 to October 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled, and 10 patients with gastric polyp were served as controls. Electrogastrogram (EGG) and heart rate variability (HRV) were detected before the operation, 1 day after the operation and 5 days after the operation in GOV group. For the gastric polyp group, EGG and HRV were detected before the operation and 1 day after the operation. Changes of GMA and autonomic nerve function were compared between the two groups. Results: No significant differences in GMA and autonomic nerve function were found between GOV group and gastric polyp group before and 1 day after the operation (P>0.05). LF, LF/HF were significantly increased 1 day after the operation in GOV group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in GMA and autonomic nerve function 1 day after the operation compared with pre-operation in gastric polyp group (P>0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh A group, Child-Pugh B group had more obvious GMA abnormalities, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: In cirrhotic patients with GOV, the percentage of bradygastria and the sympathetic activity increased, and the vagal activity decreased 1 day after the operation. These results suggest that GMA and autonomic nerve dysfunction may be related to the gastrointestinal symptoms after endoscopic treatment.
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To management of unexplained syncope (UPS)in children,the primary objectives are etiological diagnosis and risk evaluation. The head - up tilt test (HUTT)has a certain risk and limitation,though it is still an im-portant tool to diagnose and identify UPS at present. Now,the utility of other several autonomic nerve function tests in the quantitative diagnosis and risk evaluation in pediatric UPS were described,including 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,QT interval dispersion,heart rate recovery,heart rate variability,autonomic testing.
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Objective:To evaluate visceral sensitivity,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D),and to explore their roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.Methods:A total of 46 IBS-D patients (IBS-D group) were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from October 2015 to March 2016,and 20 healthy volunteer were served as a control group (HC group).Clinical and psychological symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire,and visceral sensitivity to rectal balloon distention,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) were examined.The difference in the abovementioned indexes were compared between the 2 groups,and the correlations in the parameters were analyzed in the IBS-D group.Results:The scores of IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and visceral sensitivity index (VSI) were significantly higher in the IBS-D group than those in the HC group (P＜0.01).In the visceral sensitivity test,maximum tolerable threshold in the IBS-D group was significantly decreased compared to that in the HC group (P＜0.01);there was no significant difference in first sensation threshold and defecating sensation threshold between the two groups (P＞0.05).As gut barrier function markers,the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were significantly increased in the IBS-D group (P＜0.05).In ANF test,the total score and parasympathetic score as well as the proportion of abnormal scores in the IBS-D group were significantly higher than those in the HC group (P＜0.05).In IBS-D group,the HAMA,VSI and serum DAO were positively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=0.528,0.575,0.507;P＜0.01),while the 3 visceral sensitivity thresholds were negatively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=-0.636,-0.476,-0.697;P＜0.01);in addition to the IBS-SSS,the HAMA,HAMD,VSI and serum DAO were also significant negatively correlated with the visceral sensitivity thresholds (all P＜0.05);no significant correlations were found between the ANF and the other parameters.Conclusion:IBS-D patients show psychological symptoms,visceral hypersensitivity,impaired gut barrier function and abnormal ANF characterized by parasympathetic dysfunction;the former 3 factors are all associated with disease severity,and thus may play vital roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.
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This study was aimed to observe the relativity between different obesity degree with lipid,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function in obesity complicated with hyperlipidemia patients.A total of 659 patients with obesity complicated with hyperlipidaemia were included in this study.All patients were divided into three groups according to obesity degree,which were the mild,moderate and severe obesity.In the clinical study,obesity index,lipid index,fattyinsulin axis index and autonomic nerve function of 659 cases were measured,in order to compare the relativity between different obesity degree with lipid,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function.The results showed that the lipid index in the mild obesity group was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.01);lipid indexes in the moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Fatty-insulin axis indexes except Homa-β in the mild obesity group compared with moderate obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Fatty-insulin axis indexes in the mild and moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Autonomic nerve function indexes in the mild and moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that the obesity degree and lipid level,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function were closely related in obesity complicated with hyperlipidemia patients.Clinical treatment of these patients can be integrated from multiple perspectives,in order to obtain a more satisfactory curative effect.
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Autonomic nervous system(ANS) activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease,including organic cardiovascular disease(such as hypertension,coronary artery disease,etc) and functional cardiovascular disease (such as vasovagal syncope,postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome,etc).Many methods was used to evaluate ANS function.Heart rate variability is a widely accepted method to assess cardiac autonomic nerve function.Autonomic nervous affected cardiac action potential and let electrocardiogram changes.Through the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitters which acting on the corresponding receptors.Electrocardiogram changes reflects autonomic nervous function.Present researches suggest that electrocardiogram has an important significance in the evaluation of autonomic nerve function in functional cardiovascular disease.
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Background:Cigarette smoking induced increased sympathetic activity is one of the major independent risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Objective:To assess acute effects of smoking on neuro cardiovascular regulation by analysis of time domain measures of HRV in current regular healthy male cigarette smoker. Methods:This comparative analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2012. 120 apparently healthy male current regular cigarette smoker aged 20-55 years were participated in the study group. Age and BMI matched 70 apparently healthy male non smoker subjects were studied as control. To observe the acute effects data were recorded 5 and 30 min after finishing a cigarette. Time domain measures of HRV were recorded by a RMS digital polyrite D. Statistical analysis was done by independent sample t test and paired sample t test.Results: Resting pulse rate, SBP, DBP, mean heart rate were significantly higher (p<0.001) and mean R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD and total power were significantly lower (p<0.001) in all smokers in comparison to those of healthy control.In addition, all time domain parameters were significantly decreased from their corresponding baseline value just 5 minutes after smoking and returned close to their baseline value after 30 minutes of smoking but it remained significantly lower than control value. Conclusion: The result of this study concludes that cigarette smoking had acute effect on cardiac autonomic function causing depressed vagal activity and overbalance of sympathetic function..
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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be associated with autonomic nerve dysfunction. However, moderate to vigorous physical exercise cause improvement of this nerve function. Objective: To observe the effect of moderate physical exercise on the autonomic nerve activity by analysis of HRV in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in 2013. For this purpose, 77 male patients aged 20-50 years with IBS were included in the study. They were subdivided into IBS-D (24 patients), IBS-C (26 patients) and IBS-A (27 patients) and were selected from the OPD, Gastroenterology, BSMMU. 28 apparently healthy male were studied as control. HRV parameters were recorded prior to onset of physical exercise and after completion of 3 months of brisk walking. For assessing autonomic nerve function, some time domain measures of HRV were recorded by Polyrite D. ANOVA, Independent sample t-test and paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The pre-exercise values of mean R-R interval, Max/Min ratio, SDNN,RMSSD, NN50%, PNN50% were significantly(p<0.05) lower and mean heart rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in all IBS patients compared to control. The post exercise data showed mean HR was significantly decreased in IBS-A and SDNN & RMSSD were significantly increased in IBS-C and IBS-A. Conclusion: This study concluded that parasympathetic activity decreased in patients with IBS, which was improved after regular moderate physical exercise of 3 months.
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Objectives To explore the clinical application of deceleration capacity of rate (DC), acceleration capacity of rate (AC) and heart rate variability (HRV) in children with precardial distress of unknown origin. Methods A total of 56 children with precardial distress of unknown origin and 63 healthy children aged 6 to 17 years were examined by 24 h dynamic elec-trocardiogram, and the indexes of DC and HRV were compared between these two groups. Results DC value of children with precardial distress is less than that of the control group (P<0.05), AC value is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05), and heat rate (HR) is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the indexes of HRV between the two groups. The indexes of DC show a signiifcant positive correlation with HRV in children with precardial distress(r=0.27~0.40, P<0.05), while appear a negative relation with HR (r=-0.46, P=0.000). In contrast, the indexes of AC show a signiifcant negative correlation with HRV (r=-0.57~-0.34, P<0.05), and appears a positive relation with HR(r=0.61, P=0.000). HR value is higher in male children less than 12 years old with precardial distress than that of age-matched males in control group, and RMSSD is lower than the latter. DC value of male children more than 12 years with precardial distress is lower than that of age-matched males in control group, while AC value is higher than that of the latter;DC value is signiifcant lower in fe-male children more than 12 yeares with precardial distress than that of age-matched females in the control group (P<0.05). Con-clusions The activity of vagus nerve in children with precardial distress of unknown origin is decreased. DC value is signiifcantly lower than that of control group, and shows correlation with indexes of HRV. There is no signiifcant difference in DC and HRV value between male and female children with precardial distress. DC value is lower in children aged 12 or older with precardial distress than that of age-matched children in the control group, which indicates adolescents are vulnerable to autonomic nerve functional disorder.
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Objective To explore the relationship between 5-minute Apgar score and heart rate variability (HRV) in severely asphyxiated neonates. Methods A total of 103 severely asphyxiated neonates with 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 3 points were selected. They were divided into Group A (>7 points, n=50) and Group B (≤7 points, n=53) based on 5-minute Apgar score. Meanwhile, 40 full-term neonates with 1-and 5-minute Apgar score greater than 7 points were selected as control group. 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram was performed and HRV was analyzed on the third day after birth in three groups. Results PNN50, rMSSD, SDSD were decreased and SDNN, SDANN were increased in group B as compared with group A and control group (P0.05). Conclusions Neonatal asphyxia can cause damage to autonomic nervous system. 5-minute Apgar score and HRV can be joint-ly used as a non-invasive index in autonomic nervous damage and its prognosis in asphyxiated newborns.
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Background: Autonomic nerve function impairment is related to development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Time domain measures of Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool to measure autonomic nerve function activity. Objective: To assess autonomic nerve function activity by time domain measures of heart rate variability in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in 2011. Ninety patients aged 20-50 years of both sex with Irritable bowel syndrome were included in the study group. They were collected from the OPD of Gastroenterology in BSMMU. Age and sex matched 30 apparently healthy subjects served as control. For assessing HRV by time domain method, Mean heart rate Mean R-R interval, Max/Min R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% were recorded by a digital Polyrite. ANOVA, independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests were performed as applicable. Results: Mean heart rate were significantly higher and Mean R-R interval, Max/Min R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% were significantly lower in IBS groups compared to those of control. Correlation analysis showed negative correlations of SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% with duration of disease. Conclusion: This study concludes that parasympathetic activity was reduced in patients of IBS. In addition, decreased vagal modulation is inversely related to the duration IBS.
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<b>Background</b><br> Although acupuncture medicine has been used with the aim of maintenance or promotion of health as well as improvement and/or cure of disease, scientific evidences regarding the effect of the therapy on health maintenance or health promotion so far are limited. We evaluated the effect of electroacupuncture on oxidative stress, antioxidative activity, autonomic nerve functions and anxiety to investigate the usefulness of the therapy in terms of health maintenance and health promotion.<br><b>Methods</b><br> Subjects of the present study were nine healthy volunteers (six males and three females, mean age 29.3years). These subjects participated in two experimental conditions (with and without electroacupuncture) at random order with an interval of at least one week. Oxidative stress and antioxidative activity were determined with an automatic free radical analyzer (FRAS-4). Autonomic nerve functions were evaluated with heart rate valiability (HRV) analysis using an ECG monitoring system. Also, psychological statement was evaluated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). These evaluation were carried out immediately before and after electroacupuncture or resting period both of which the duration was set for 15 minutes. Electroacupuncture was carried out at LI4 (Hegu) and LI10 (Shousanli) at a frequency of 1.3Hz with a comfortable intensity for the subject. Comparison of the data between immediately before and after stimulation was performed with paired-t test. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied for comparison between groups. Correlation analysis was performed to estimate relation between outcomes. All the analysis was carried out using commercially available statistical software (SPSS ver. 11). A p-value less than five percents was considered statistical significance.<br><b>Results</b><br> Antioxidative activity was markedly increased under the condition of that electroacupuncture was carried out (p<0.05), which resulted in a statistically significnt difference when compared with those in the control condition, while no statistically significant difference was found between two conditions in the oxidative stress. No significant difference after electroacupuncture was found in any items of HRV analysis and the STAI. There was no significant correlation between changes in the antioxidative activity, items in HRV and STAI.<br><b>Discussion & Conclusion</b><br> Electroacupuncture was capable of increasing antioxidative activity but had no influence on the autonomic nerve functions and anxiety. We suggested that the mechanism underlying the effect of electroacupuncture to the antioxidative activity may not involve changes in the autonomic nerve functions or psychological factors, but rather depending on the micro injury in the tissue at the needling points or muscle contraction which had been evoked during stimulation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of autonomic nervous dysfunction on pathogenesis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods Autonomic nervous function(ANF) was assessed by cardiovascular reflex tests in healthy volunteers and patients with GERD;Based on the ANF test results,the relationship between the impairment degree of autonomic nerve and the esophageal motility or the reflux esophagitis or the score of reflux symptoms was investigated.Results ① 59.5% of patients with GERD have abnormal ANF and the rate in GERD patients is much higher than that in healthy volunteers,parasympathetic nerve impairment is predominant.② The score of reflux symptoms in patients with normal ANF is significantly lower than that in patients with abnormal ANF(6(2,7.6)vs 9(4.1,17),P
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BACKGROUND: The efficacy of dialysis on the autonomic and peripheral nerve function has been a subject of considerable debate. In addition, no longitudinal study on the course of uremic neuropathy in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during dialysis has been reported. We carried out a prospective study to investigate the effect of dialysis on the autonomic and peripheral nerve function during the first 12 months of dialysis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with ESRD (14 on HD and 11 on CAPD; 11 diabetic and 14 non- diabetic) were enrolled. Autonomic nerve function test and median nerve conduction velocity study were done at the initiation of dialysis and then repeated after 12 months of dialysis. RESULTS: At the initiation of dialysis, sympathetic nerve function and parasympathetic nerve function were abnormal in all HD and CAPD patients. After 12 months of dialysis, no significant changes occurred in autonomic function test. There was no significant difference in autonomic function test between HD and CAPD patients. There was no significant difference in median nerve conduction velocity between HD and CAPD patients after 12 months of dialysis. At the initiation of dialysis, 6 of 11 diabetic and 4 of 14 non-diabetic patients had abnormal median nerve conduction velocity. After 12 months of dialysis, normalization of median nerve conduction velocity occurred only in 3 non-diabetic patients. There was a singinficant difference in median nerve conduction velocity between diabetic and non-diabetic patients after 12 months of dialysis. CONCLUSION: We conclude that dialysis does not significantly alter the autonomic nerve function during the first 12 months of dialysis, but may improve the peripheral nerve function in non-diabetic uremic patients.
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Humans , Autonomic Pathways , Dialysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Longitudinal Studies , Median Nerve , Peripheral Nerves , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relevance among the cognition function,the autonomic nerve function,and the serum level of monoamine neurotransmitter in the patients with post-stroke depression(PSD).Methods The event-related potentials(ERP),the sympathetic skin response(SSR),and the serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitter were taken in the 33 cases with PSD(PSD group)and 30 normal collators(NC group),the mean of each target was tested by Pearson multiple correlation analysis.Results Comparing with the NC group,the PSD group demonstrated that the latency phase had been prolonged and the wave amplitude reduced significantly(all P