ABSTRACT
Resumen OBJETIVO: Conocer el grado de aceptación de la autotoma vaginal y su relación con variables psicosocioculturales que prevalecen en México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo, efectuado entre 2017 y 2018 en mujeres del estado de Guanajuato. Se aplicaron cuestionarios y entrevistas antes y después de la toma de la muestra mediante la autotoma. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central, medidas de dispersión, frecuencias y proporciones. Las diferencias entre grupos se analizaron con las pruebas de Wilcoxon y t de Student. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 85 mujeres con edad promedio de 37.82 años (± 9.82). Si bien 75 participantes declararon no conocer el procedimiento, 80 accedieron a practicarlo. Se encontró que la mayoría de las mujeres prefiere la autotoma a la inspección ginecológica tradicional. Se observaron dos perfiles sociopsicológicos opuestos entre las mujeres que prefieren la autotoma por "pena" y las que optan por ella por su "facilidad". CONCLUSIONES: La autotoma fue un método de muestreo completamente viable en el contexto en el que se llevó a cabo esta investigación. Si bien se observaron barreras psicosocioculturales, la autotoma se prefirió entre las mujeres que informaron acudir menos al ginecólogo, por lo que puede constituir una estrategia para las mujeres con baja vigilancia médica.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To know the degree of acceptance of vaginal autotomy and its relationship with psychosocial-cultural variables prevailing in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out between 2017 and 2018 in women in the state of Guanajuato. Questionnaires and interviews were applied before and after sampling by autotoma. Statistical analysis included measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, frequencies and proportions. Differences between groups were analyzed with Wilcoxon and Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Eighty-five women with a mean age of 37.82 years (± 9.82) were studied. Although 75 participants stated that they were unaware of the procedure, 80 agreed to undergo it. It was found that the majority of women preferred autotoma to traditional gynecological inspection. Two opposite socio-psychological profiles were observed between women who prefer autotomy for "embarrassment" and those who opt for it because of its "ease". CONCLUSIONS: Autotomography was a completely feasible sampling method in the context in which this research was conducted. Although psychosocio-cultural barriers were observed, autotoma was preferred among women who reported less frequent visits to the gynecologist, so it may be a strategy for women with low medical vigilance.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of the sciatic nerve elongation on pain in rats. Methods: Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats of SPF grade, weighing 250-300 g. Eighteen of them were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rats in each group. They were sciatic nerve elongation group (group A), nerve no-elongation group (group B), and nerve ligation group (group C). The model of 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was established in all 3 groups. The sciatic nerve was extended at a speed of 1 mm/d for 14 days in group A. The group B was only installed with external fixation. The nerve stumps were ligated in the group C. At 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after operation, the foot injury was evaluated by the autotomy scoring scale. At 14 days after operation, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of L 4-S 1 spinal cord of rats in each group was observed by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) immunohistochemical staining, and the primary antibodies were replaced by pure serum as negative control group. Another 18 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rats in each group. They were sciatic nerve elongation group (group A1), nerve no-elongation group (group B1), positive control group (group C1). In groups A1 and B1, the 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect model was established by the same method as groups A and B, and then fixed with external fixation. Nerve elongation was done or not done without anesthesia at 3 days after operation. In group C1, no modeling was done and 20 μL 2.5% formaldehyde was injected into the toes. After 90 minutes, the dorsal horn of spinal cord of L 4-S 1 segment of rats was cutting for c-Fos immunohistochemical staining and the number of positive cells was counted. Primary antibodies were replaced with pure serum as negative control group. Results: The autotomy scores of rats in groups B and C gradually increased postoperatively, and group A remained stable at 0.25±0.50. The scores of group C were significantly higher than those of group A and group B at each time point postoperatively ( P0.05). Conclusion: Nerve elongation does not cause obvious pain neither during the operation of elongation nor throughout the whole elongation.
ABSTRACT
Call frequency and movements of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus were studied in Punta Morales, Costa Rica from April 1999 through May 2000. Call activity of H. frenatus was positively related to air temperature at night and throughout the year. Higher activity was at dusk, dawn, and during the hottest months. Call frequency was related with gecko abundance per month, although not during the night. More males and females had a regenerated tail compared to juveniles, the last ones could have it complete or regenerated. Females moved longer distances than males and juveniles. Adults were found higher on walls. Males and females were recaptured more times than juveniles, and the period of time between their recaptures was longer. Members of this population do not seem to be as aggressive to other geckos as mentioned in the literature.
Estudié la frecuencia de canto y el desplazamiento de la lagartija Hemidactylus frenatus en Punta Morales, Costa Rica. La frecuencia de canto se corelaciona positivamente con la temperatura ambiental durante la noche y con la temperatura a lo largo del año. La mayor actividad fue al anochecer, al amanecer y durante los meses más calurosos. La abundancia mensual de lagartijas se relacionó con la frecuencia de canto, no así la abundancia por noche. Las colas regeneradas son más frecuentes en hembras y machos que en las lagartijas jóvenes. Las hembras se desplazaron mayores distancias que machos y jóvenes. Los adultos se encontraban más alto en las paredes de los edificios. Los machos y hembras se recapturaron más veces que los jóvenes, y el tiempo entre recapturas fue mayor. Esta población no parece ser tan agresiva como se menciona en la literatura.