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Resumen Objetivo: Analizar y describir factores modificables, no modificables y sociodemográficos asociados a la conjuntivitis bacteriana en recién nacidos. Materiales y métodos: El presente trabajo es una revisión de tema, que implica el siguiente orden para su ejecución: búsqueda, organización, sistematización y análisis de un conjunto de artículos relacionados con conjuntivitis neonatal, sobre el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2020. Las unidades de análisis fueron todos aquellos artículos relacionados con el tema. Como criterios de búsqueda, se incluyeron los siguientes descriptores: conjuntivitis bacteriana y recién nacidos. Estos descriptores fueron combinados de diversas formas al momento de la exploración con el objetivo de ampliar los criterios de búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Embase y Lilacs. Una vez organizada la información, se agruparon los artículos según su relación con los descriptores de conjuntivitis neonatal. Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis de las discusiones, aspectos comunes y divergentes entre los artículos seleccionados, mediante un ejercicio de comparación constante. Resultados: En el análisis univariante, los antecedentes neonatales de bajo peso o prematuridad, talla grande, infección de tracto genital materna, tipo de parto, ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, edad y paridad materna y procedencia se asociaron a conjuntivitis bacteriana en el recién nacido. Conclusión: Los recién nacidos con algunos factores modificables, no modificables y sociodemográficos tienen mayor riesgo de conjuntivitis bacteriana.
Abstract Objective: To analyze and describe modifiable, non-modifiable and sociodemographic factors associated with bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns. Material and methods: The present work is a review of the topic, which implies the following order for its execution: search, organization, systematization and analysis of a set of articles related to neonatal conjunctivitis, over a period between 2010 and 2020. The units of analysis were all those articles related to the topic. The following descriptors were included as search criteria bacterial conjunctivitis and newborns. These descriptors were combined in various ways at the time of exploration in order to broaden the search criteria in the following databases: PubMed, Embasem and Lilacs. Once the information was organized, the articles were grouped according to their relationship with the descriptors of neonatal conjunctivitis. Subsequently, the analysis of each of the discussions, common and divergent aspects between the selected articles, was carried out through a constant comparison exercise. Results: In the univariate analysis, the neonatal history of low weight or prematurity, large size, infection of the maternal genital tract, type of delivery, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, age and maternal parity and origin were associated with bacterial conjunctivitis in the newborn. Conclusion: Newborns with some modifiable, unmodifiable, and sociodemographic factors are at increased risk for bacterial conjunctivitis.
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@#AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin eye drops and levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis using Meta-analysis.<p>METHODS: According to the Cochrane systematic evaluation method, “gatifloxacin” “levofloxacin” and “acute bacterial conjunctivitis” were used as keywords for literature search in Embase, Cochrane library, Pubmed, Medline, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBMdisc from the establishment of the database to March 1, 2021. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)gatifloxacin eye drops and levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis were included. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan5.3 software was used for combined analysis. Egger's test in Stata12 was used to assess publication bias, and the level of evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE system.<p>RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs were included in this study with 1 149 patients. The control group was treated with levofloxacin and the experimental group was treated with gatifloxacin. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the clinical effective rate of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in gatifloxacin group was higher than that in levofloxacin group(<i>OR</i>=3.75, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.52-5.58, <i>P</i><0.00001). Egger's test suggested there was publication bias among studies. And GRADE rating results indicated, the level of evidence was VERY LOW. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the gatifloxacin group was lower than that in levofloxacin group(<i>OR</i>=0.37, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.19-0.71, <i>P</i>=0.003). No publication bias was observed in Egger's test and GRADE showed the level of evidence was LOW.<p>CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin eye drops is more effective than levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis, and has lower adverse effect rates. And due to the low levels of evidence included, more multicenter, randomized double-blind clinical trials are needed to improve the strength of evidence for the clinical efficacy of gatifloxacin eye drops in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.
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INTRODUCTION@#This study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility of standard isolates of common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis to non-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial ophthalmic medications.@*METHODS@#This is a single-blind experimental study which compared the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to locally available non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medications, specifically chloramphenicol, tobramycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide and polymyxin-neomycin. Utilizing the disk diffusion method, zones of inhibition in millimeters for each bacterial isolate was recorded and tabulated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences.@*RESULTS@#Both Staphylococci were sensitive to all antibiotics except sulfacetamide. Only chloramphenicol showed activity against all four isolates. Tobramycin showed the largest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was statistically significant difference in the median zone of inhibition in each antimicrobial medication against Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) with the largest mean zone of inhibition by fusidic acid of 34 and 38 millimeters, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was least susceptible to antibiotics tested; only chloramphenicol and fusidic acid showed activity. There were also significant differences in the median zones of inhibition across the isolates.@*CONCLUSION@#The standard isolates are susceptible to at least one non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medication. The antibiotics tested showed differences in activity against the four isolates. The findings of this study may be used as a basis to review local practice patterns or/and initiate revisions in the guidelines for prescribing initial treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
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Conjunctivitis, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
@#AIM:To explore the diagnostic effect of hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and Giemsa staining in the diagnosis of bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis in children. <p>METHODS:Totally 422 children with conjunctivitis diagnosed by conjunctivitis from the ophthalmology department of our hospital during 2016-10/2019-10 as the research objects. HE and Giemsa staining methods were used to stain the conjunctival scratches, and the staining results were used to diagnose bacterial/allergic conjunctivitis. Observe the positive detection rate of the two staining results for bacterial/allergic conjunctivitis and the staining situation. <p>RESULTS: The positive rate(33.0%)and coincidence rate(63.6%)of HE staining for the diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis were significantly lower than Giemsa staining(90.7% and 88.8%, <i>P</i><0.001), while the positive rate of allergic conjunctivitis was not significantly different 90.8% <i>vs </i>87.2%, <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The Giemsa staining method can accurately diagnose bacterial conjunctivitis in children and the method is simple. Both HE and Giemsa staining methods have good diagnostic effects on allergic conjunctivitis, which can provide a basis for improving the clinical diagnosis efficiency and early treatment options.
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Background: Bacterial Conjunctivitis or red eye being highly communicable need to be tackle at the earliest. Newer antibiotics may kill bacteria more rapidly. Thus, we aim to assess and compare microbiological efficacy of Moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus Vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy to Fortified Vancomycin (5%) in relation to organism isolated in positive culture of bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods: The present study was conducted on patients who presented at Ophthalmology OPD, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital, Aligarh and Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh. The patients with bilateral conjunctivitis were included in the study. Right eyes were instilled moxifloxacin plus vancomycin combination therapy and Left eyes were instilled fortified vancomycin. Microbiological outcomes were recorded on first visit and on follow up visits during course of treatment. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in the study. At first visit, 14 cases were positive with coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) being the most common organisms. All the positive smears became negative in first follow-up (3rd day) in both the groups. No significant difference was found in microbiological study outcome between the two-study groups. Conclusions: We conclude that both the drugs, i.e. moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy and fortified vancomycin (5%) had good efficiency in microbial elimination in cases of bacterial conjunctivitis with equivalent outcome and can be considered as an alternative to other antimicrobial therapy in bacterial conjunctivitis.
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PURPOSE: To study the causative microorganism of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis and its correlation with maternal factors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 neonates diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis and the records of mothers from January 2008 to July 2013. We investigated microbiologic culture of conjunctival discharge, time of occurrence, the mode of delivery, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), microbiologic culture of vaginal swab and the sensitivities to antibiotics. RESULTS: The most common organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated in 24 (36.4%) neonates, followed by other Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) 10 (15.2%), E. cloacae 6 (9.1%), S. marsescens 6 (9.1%), and P. aeruginosa 5 (7.6%). Concerning the time of occurrence, 23 (41.8%) were founded with conjunctivitis within 1 week of life. By mode of delivery, 18 (32.7%) were delivered through vaginal route and 37 (67.3%) delivered by Cesarean section. The most common organism grown in conjunctival discharge of both group was S. epidermidis. Of these 55 neonates' mothers, 9 (16.4%) had history of PROM. Regardless of the presence of PROM, the most common organism was S. epidermidis. A total of 22 (40.0%) microbiologic culture of vaginal swab were examined and 6 (27.2%) of them had detected organisms. The results of vaginal swabs were in discord with results of conjunctival swabs of neonates. CONCLUSION: S. epidermidis was the most common infectious organism of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis. We could not identify the correlation between neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis and maternal factors. Further comprehensive studies are needed to investigate the risk factors related to bacterial conjunctivitis of neonates.
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cesarean Section , Cloaca , Conjunctivitis , Conjunctivitis, Bacterial , Medical Records , Membranes , Mothers , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rupture , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus epidermidisABSTRACT
We report the first case, in Medline-based literature, of conjunctivitis caused by gram negative diplococcus, Neisseria sicca. Although it is not widely accepted as such, isolation from cultures of repeated eye swab samples suggests that N. sicca may be a pathogen in conjunctival infections. Positive culture for this organism should not be readily dismissed. Such conjunctivitis responded favorably to treatment with netilmicin eye drops.
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AIM: To discuss the clinical treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and summarize the treatment experiences. METHODS: Totally, 124 cases with bacterial conjunctivitis in the department of ophthalmology from October 2012 to April 2014 were selected as the research objects. According to the diagnosis points, they were classified. After symptomatic drug treatment, the efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: The total effective rate of 124 cases after treatment was 96. 8%, after treatment, patients with tears, conjunctival congestion, secretions and pain scores were significantly lower than those before treatment ( PCONCLUSION: The efficacy of classification symptomatic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis is significant and worthy of clinical reference.
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Background Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a common ocular infectious disease.It can be cured by topical administration of antibiotics,but these antibiotic eye drops often was used several times per day at present.Azithromycin is thought to offer less using times and shorten the duration of treatment.Objective The purpose of this clinical trail was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of topical administration of 1％azithromycin eye drops for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital and followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained prior to entering into this trial.A randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled study was designed.One hundred and eighty patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College and Qingdao Municipal Hospital from may,2011 to September,2011.Azithromycin eye drops at the concentration of 1％ was topically administered on 89 eyes of 89 patients twice per day initial and once per day later for 9 days in the trial group,and placebo eye drops was used on 91 eyes of 91 patients in the same way in the control group.The inflammation response of all eyes was examined and scored under the slit lamp microscope,and germiculture was carried out.All adverse responses were assessed during the follow-up.Clinical efficacy was evaluated with the clinical cure rate as the primary indicator and bacterial clearance rate as the secondary indicator.The safety of drug was determined,including the ocular irritation sign,lens transparency and intraocular pressure.The differences of the examining results mentioned-above were compared with Chi Square test.Results One hundred and eighty patients completed the clinical trials according to the program without lost and exclusion cases.The clinical cure rate in 89 subjects in the trial group and 91 control individuals was 76.40％ (68/89) and 43.96％ (40/91),respectively,with significant difference between them (x2=19.73,P＜0.01).The bacterial eradication rate was 85.71％ (24/28) in the trial group and 60.53％ (23/38) in the control group,showing a significant difference (x2 =4.99,P＜0.05).Both 1％ azithromycin eye drops and placebo were well-tolerated with a low incidence of adverse events.Conclusions One percent azithromycin eye drops is effective and safe for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis with less adverse reaction.
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Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of gatifloxacin gel to bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods Double-blind and random selection were designed for the study,with levofloxacin gel as the control medicine.Thirty-six eyes of the experimental group and 36 of the control group were eligible for evaluation.Each eye received the gel one drop a time and three times per day.The gels were applied to the conjunctiva sac for 7 d. Results The clinic effectiveness of experimental group and control group were 88.89% and 91.67%,which indicated no significant difference.Microbial eradication rates were 90.48% and 93.75%,no significant difference either.Safety composite scores were similar between groups. Conclusion Gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis,and contains certain clinical value.