Myths and misbelieves regarding COVID vaccines in India

Background: - COVID-19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Many people require hospitalization after infection. COVID vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease. Due to extensive negative publicity through social media channels/platforms,significant number of individuals are not coming forward for vaccination. Therefore, study is needed to evaluate adverse effects associated with different vaccines available in India. Objectives: - To assess the adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination and compare the side effect of two most commonly used COVID vaccines in India. Methods:- In the current report, a cross sectional study was conducted among beneficiaries of COVID-19 vaccines at the vaccination center of the LLRM Medical college, India. After institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, patients were asked about the symptoms they experienced after vaccination. A very simple random sampling approach was used to select beneficiaries. Information was collected on predesigned Google form and total 391 patients submitted the responses. Results:- Out of total respondents 77 % individuals reported one or more symptoms. Fever was reported to be most common problem (59.3%) followed by body ache (57.5%). Out of total beneficiaries, 68.3% experienced mild symptoms while 23% remain asymptomatic. Only few subjects reported moderate adverse effects (8.7%). None of the respondent reported severe and serious adverse effect. Conclusions:- Vaccine associated adverse effects were found less than 3 days and of mild variety in most of the beneficiaries. There was no difference in adverse effect profile of two commonly used vaccines in India. People must come forward for vaccination in mass without fearing of adverse effects of vaccines.

Programa Bolsa Família: Narrativas de Beneficiárias(os) Abordadas em Produções Científicas / Bolsa Família Program: Beneficiaries Narratives Presented in Scientific Productions / Programa Bolsa Família: Narrativas de Beneficiarias(os) en Producciones Científicas

O presente artigo trata de uma revisão de literatura que objetiva compreender os significados atribuídos ao Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) por beneficiárias(os) a partir de narrativas presentes em produções científicas. Para tanto, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, no período de junho e agosto de 2018. Selecionamos 35 artigos que apresentavam discussões sobre narrativas de sujeitos vinculados ao PBF. Observamos nessas narrativas uma pluralidade discursiva quanto às potencialidades e aos limites do Programa em torno de cinco pontos: a) Usos do benefício; b) Titularidade feminina e relações familiares; c) Condicionalidades e acesso a serviços públicos; d) Dinâmica trabalho/emprego; e) Portas de saída. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa auxilia na construção de reflexões que visam a ampliação e/ou aperfeiçoamento do Programa, um debate que se enquadra no campo da psicologia social e política interessada em pensar o papel das políticas públicas no enfretamento às desigualdades sociais brasileiras. (AU)

The article deals with a literature review that aims to understand the meanings attributed to the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) by beneficiaries, based on narratives present in scientific productions. To this end, we carried out a bibliographic survey on the "Portal de Periódicos CAPES" between june and august 2018. We selected 35 articles that presented discussions about the narratives of beneficiaries. We observed in these narratives a discursive plurality regarding the potential and limits of the Program around five points: a) Uses of the PBF benefit; b) Female ownership and family relationships; c) Conditionalities and access to public services; d) Work/employment dynamics; e) "Exit doors". We believe that this research helps to build reflections aimed at expanding and/or improving the Program. This debate is localized in the field of social and political psychology interested in thinking about the role of public policies in addressing Brazilian social inequalities. (AU)

El presente artículo se trata de una revisión de literatura que tiene como objetivo comprender los significados atribuidos al Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) por beneficiarios(as) desde las narrativas presentes en producciones científicas. Para eso, realizamos un levantamiento bibliográfico en la Entrada de Periódicos CAPES, en el periodo de junio a agosto de 2018. Elegimos 35 artículos que presentaban discusiones acerca de las narrativas de sujetos registrados en el PBF. Observamos en ellas una pluralidad discursiva cuánto a las potencialidades y a los límites del Programa alrededor de cinco puntos: a) Usos del beneficio; b) Titularidad femenina y las relaciones familiares; c) Condiciones y el acceso a los servicios públicos; d) Dinámica trabajo/empleo; e) Portales de salida. Creemos que esta investigación auxilia en la construcción de reflexiones que visan la ampliación y/o la optimización del Programa, un debate que se encuadra en el campo de la psicología social y política interesada en pensar el papel de las políticas públicas en la confrontación a las desigualdades sociales brasileñas. (AU)

Evaluación de la cobertura de la merienda escolar en 4 departamentos de Paraguay. Años 2016-2018

RESUMEN Introducción: La merienda escolar contribuye con la nutrición y rendimiento escolar, es importante conocer su alcance. Objetivo: Evaluar la merienda escolar en Concepción, Cordillera, Paraguarí y Central, en cuanto implementación y cobertura. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de licitaciones para merienda escolar entre 2016-2018 en Concepción, Cordillera, Paraguarí y Central. Fueron caracterizadas las instituciones incluidas, días cubiertos del calendario escolar (180 días) y cantidad de beneficiarios. Resultados: Fueron incluidas 15 licitaciones. En Concepción 90% fueron instituciones públicas, 6% privadas, 3% sin datos; Cordillera 88% fueron públicas, 8% privadas, 4% sin datos; Paraguarí 91% fueron públicas, 3% privadas, resto sin datos; Central 12% fueron privadas 11% sin datos, resto públicas. En Concepción fueron 30.112 beneficiarios en 2016/2017 y 27.514 en 2018, en Cordillera aumentó de 37.167 (2017) a 44.375 (2018); en Paraguarí varió de 30.339 (2016) a 29.761 (2018), en Central fueron 180.535 beneficiarios en 2017-2018. En Concepción en 2016/2017 se planificó merienda para 80 días, 133 días en 2018, en Cordillera 160 días en 2017, 117 días en 2018; en Paraguarí en 2016 fueron 122 días, 110 en 2017 y 117 días en 2018; en Central fueron 216 días en 2017-2018.Los beneficiarios cubiertos según Registro Único de Estudiantes al 2018 fue 78,5% en Concepción, 87% en Cordillera, 90% en Paraguarí, 75% en Central. Conclusiones: En provisión de merienda escolar, la mayoría fueron instituciones públicas, hubo descenso de beneficiarios en el 2018 excepto Cordillera. 2/3 de los beneficiarios registrados fueron incluidos y se proveyó durante poco más de la mitad del año escolar.

ABSTRAC Introduction: The school meal contributes to nutrition and school performance, it is important to know its reach. Objective: To evaluate school meals in Concepción, Cordillera, Paraguarí and Central, in terms of implementation and reach. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational study of awarded contracts for school meals between 2016-2018 in Concepción, Cordillera, Paraguarí and Central. We characterized the included institutions, covered days of the school calendar (180 days) and number of beneficiaries. Results: 15 contracts were included. In Concepción, 90% of schools were public institutions, 6% private, 3% without data; in Cordillera 88% were public, 8% private, 4% without data; in Paraguarí 91% were public, 3% private, the rest without data; in Central 12% were private, 11% without data, the rest public. In Concepción there were 30,112 beneficiaries in 2016/2017 and 27,514 in 2018, in Cordillera it increased from 37,167 (2017) to 44,375 (2018); in Paraguarí it varied from 30,339 (2016) to 29,761 (2018), in Central there were 180,535 beneficiaries in 2017-2018. In Concepción in 2016/2017 meals were planned for 80 days, 133 days in 2018, in Cordillera 160 days in 2017, 117 days in 2018; in Paraguarí in 2016 there were 122 days, 110 in 2017 and 117 days in 2018; In Central there were 216 days in 2017-2018. The beneficiaries covered according to the Single Student Registry in 2018 were 78.5% in Concepción, 87% in Cordillera, 90% in Paraguarí, 75% in Central. Conclusions: In the provision of school meals, the majority of schools were public institutions, there was a decrease in beneficiaries in 2018 except in Cordillera. 2/3 of the registered beneficiaries were included and meals were provided for just over half the school year.

ICDS: is it reaching the all child beneficiaries?

Background: The beneficiaries under the scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers, women in the age group of 15-44 years and adolescent girls in selected blocks. Irrespective of caste, religion, socioeconomic status all beneficiaries are eligible for availing of services under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme. BPL is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS2. Present study is to recognize whether all categories of people are utilizing the services or not irrespective of economic status, religion etc.Methods: Descriptive observational study done for period of one year, sampling done by multi stage (random) method. Study conducted in ICDS centers in the field practicing area of Kakatiya medical college Warangal, Telangana, India. 622 children from 31 anganwadi centres of 0 to 6 year age were included.Results: Majority (71.7%) were belongs to ‘0 to 3’ years of age group, male (50%) and female (50%) were equally in distribution. majority (78.3%) were Hindus. Majority parents (father-84.9, mother 84.2) were literates and mothers were unemployed/housewives, fathers were skilled workers (28%) followed by farmers (22%). Majority were (35.4%) belonged to middle, followed by lower middle (30.2%) level of socio economic status.Conclusions: There were less number of 3 to 6 years age category population in the study, means that age group is not getting covered properly by ICDS. Two extremes (higher and lower categories) of education, occupation, socio economic status parents were not properly utilising the ICDS services for their children.

Utilization of antenatal services by JSY beneficiaries in rural area of Pune district of Maharashtra

Background: To combat the reproductive and child health (RCH) problems, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) had launched Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in April 2005 in all states and union territories to promote institutional deliveries among the poor population through provision of antenatal, intra-natal and post-natal care services for women to have healthy outcomes of pregnancy and child birth. Hence this study has been undertaken on one of the important aspect of services that is antenatal care services with the objective to assess the utilization of antenatal care services among JSY beneficiaries in rural area.Methods: Cross sectional observational study done in the area under rural health training centre of a private medical college of Pune district. 1st October 2014 to 30th September 2015. Study sample: All JSY beneficiaries who delivered during study period (1st October 2014 to 30th September 2015). One to one interview with the all 155 beneficiaries was conducted using the pretested, questionnaire. The interview was timed at minimum 6 week interval after the delivery. Data analysis was done by using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results: Majority 78 (50.3%) of beneficiaries out of 155 got registered themselves within 12 weeks of pregnancy. Antenatal coverage was quite good. Coverage of injection tetanus toxoid was 100% and all essential investigation have been carried out. Association between literacy level (up to higher secondary level) of beneficiaries and number of ANC visits was found statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: In present study utilization of ANC services was found to be good.

Percepción usuaria de la calidad en los servicios de salud del ISSEMyM / User perception of the quality in health services of the ISSEMyM / Percepção do usuário sobre a qualidade dos serviços de saúde ISSEMyM / Perception des usagers sur la qualité des services de santé du ISSEMyM

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la perspectiva de los derechohabientes con respecto a la calidad en el servicio de salud que brinda el Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM). No coincide con el que dice en el texto. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante la aplicación de la Escala de Calidad del servicio recibido en Derechohabientes (ECALDER) a 355 personas que tenían al menos un año con el beneficio asistencial dentro de los 10 diferentes centros del Instituto ISSEMyM. Resultados: La insatisfacción con la calidad de los servicios es reportada con puntajes bajos (Percentil 36.79). El análisis correlacional arrojó puntajes bastante significativos (p < 0.00) lo que indicó la inter-relación de las percepciones del trato con el personal, elaboración de trámites y confianza en la institución. Conclusiones: Desde un análisis factorial, los aspectos de trámites y confianza en la institución son los mejores evaluados, seguido de la interacción con el personal; correlacionalmente, la interacción con el personal de cualquier área, influencia la percepción hacia otras, mientras que la confianza en la institución. depende de la percepción del personal de enfermería y trámites.

Abstract Objective: To determine the perspective of the beneficiaries regarding the quality of health service provided by the Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM). Materials and methods: Through a descriptive study which contemplates the application of the Scale of Quality Service in ISSEMyM Beneficiaries (ECALDER, Quality Scale of receiving service in users) to 355 beneficiaries who at least had one year with the assistance benefit within 10 different centers of the Institute. Results: The dissatisfaction with the quality of services is reported with low scores (percentile 36.79). The correlation analysis showed significant scores (p < 0.00) which indicated the inter-relationship of perceptions of the treatment with staff, elaboration of procedures and confidence in the institution. Conclusions: Factorial aspects of procedures and institutional trust are well evaluated, followed by interaction with staff; through the correlational approach, the general interaction with the staff, of any kind, influences the perception toward others, while confidence in the institution depends on the perception of nurses and formalities.

Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a perspectiva dos dependentes dos titulares sobre a qualidade do servio de saúde prestado pelo Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM). Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo com a aplica9áo da Escala de Qualidade de Servio recebido pelos Dependentes (ECALDER) para 355 beneficiários com pelo menos um ano de beneficio assistencial nos 10 diferentes centros do Instituto. Resultados: A insatisfação com a qualidade dos servaos é baixa (percentil 36,79). A análise de correlação mostra uma pontuação muito significativa (p <0,00), o que indica a interrelação das percep9oes relacionadas com o atendimento prestado pelas equipes, a elaboração dos tramites e a confiaba na instituição. Conclusoes: A partir de uma análise fatorial, os aspectos relacionados com os tramites e a confiaba na instituto são os melhores avaliados, seguidos da interação com a equipe; correlacionalmente, a interação com as equipes de qualquer área influencia a percepção em relação as outras áreas, enquanto a confiaba na instituto depende da percepção do trabalho dos enfermeiros e procedimentos realizados.

Résumé Objectif: Connaitre la perspective desusagers sur la qualité des services de santé qu'offre "el Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios"(ISSEMyM, Institut de Sécurité Sociale de l'État de Mexico et de ses municipalités). Matériels et méthodes: Une étude descriptive a été effectuée sur la base de l'application de «la Escala de Calidad del servicio recibido en Derechohabientes¼ (ECALDER, Échelle de qualité du service re9u par les ayants droit) a 355 usagers qui bénéficiaient des prestations depuis au moins un an dans les 10 différents centres de lInstitut ISSEMyM. Résultats: L'insatisfaction envers la qualité des services est rapportée dans de faibles scores (Percentile 36.79). L'analyse corrélationnelle a montré des effets tres significatifs (p < 0.00) qui indiquent l'interrelation entre les perceptions de l'interaction avec le personnel, la réalisation des démarches administratives et la confiance en l'institution. Conclusions: D'apres l'analyse factorielle, les aspects des démarches administratives et de la confiance en l'institution sont mieux évalués que l'interaction avec le personnel; corrélationnellement, l'interaction avec le personnel de n'importe quelle zone a une influence sur la perception d'autres zones, alors que la confiance en l'institution dépend de la perception du personnel infirmier et des démarches administratives.

A satisfação do beneficiário da saúde suplementar sob a perspectiva da qualidade e integralidade / Satisfaction of the beneficiary of supplemental health in the perspective of quality and integral care

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conceito de qualidade a partir da demanda dos beneficiários da Saúde Suplementar, na perspectiva da integralidade, considerando as relações entre satisfação, assimetria de informação e cuidado em saúde. Foi realizada a análise de uma amostragem de 1.013 e-mails enviados para a Central de Relacionamento da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar de beneficiários da região sudeste, o que resultou na categorização Acesso aos Serviços e Continuidade do Cuidado, com as seguintes subcategorias: Negação; Dificuldade e/ou Imposição de Condicionantes; e Rede de Prestadores Restrita. Os beneficiários enfatizaram aspectos relacionados ao acesso aos serviços e à continuidade do cuidado que explicitam que as estratégias de redução de custos das operadoras têm afetado a qualidade e a integralidade do cuidado. Os relatos apontam que, para além da negação do acesso aos serviços e procedimentos, os beneficiários se vêem diante da restrição da continuidade do cuidado. Os resultados nos colocam o desafio de questionar a estruturação desse setor, cujos contratos se baseiam na definição de um rol de procedimentos e as estratégias de redução de custos se configuram como instrumento de restrição ao próprio direito à saúde, para além do respeito necessário ao direito do consumidor.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the concept of quality from the beneficiaries demands of the Supplementary Health, whose main bias the issue of integral care, considering the relationship between satisfaction, information asymmetry and health care. We analyzed a sample of 1,013 emails of 19,969 that were sent to the Supplemental Health National Agency Relationship Center, between March 18, 2014 and March 19, 2015, relating to complaints of beneficiaries who reside in Southeastern Brazil, resulting in the following categorization: Access to Health Services and Continuity of Care, with the following subcategories: Denial; Difficulty and / or Conditioning Constraints; and Restricted Providers Network. Beneficiaries emphasized aspects related to access to services and continuity of care, noting that in addition to the denial of access to services and procedures, they are faced with the restriction of continuity of care. The results place us the challenge to question the structure of the supplemental health sector, whose contracts are based on the definition of a list of procedures and cost reduction strategies are configured as a restraint instrument to the right to health itself, in addition to the necessary respect to consumer's right.

Evaluación de los comedores comunitarios en Tizimín, Yucatán, México: percepciones y propuestas del personal y beneficiarios / Assessment of the communitarian dining facilities in Tizimin, Yucatán, México: staff and beneficiaries perceptions and proposals

Objetivo: Evaluar las instalaciones y servicios en los comedores comunitarios e identificar percepciones y propuestas del personal y beneficiarios respecto al programa, en Tizimín, Yucatán, México. Métodos: Enfoque mixto para datos cuantitativos, se utilizaron instrumentos que evalúan condiciones e higiene, participaron 41 cocineras y 177 beneficiarios; para datos cualitativos, guía de entrevista semiestructurada, participaron 15 cocineras y 12 beneficiarios. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS® versión 19 y el programa Excel® versión 2007; para el análisis cualitativo el sistema de categorización de datos. Resultados: Las condiciones de higiene e infraestructura no son adecuadas, las dietas no cubren las calorías para cada grupo de edad; resultados cualitativos: los menús contienen alimentos saludables pero la cantidad no es la ideal, para las cocineras y beneficiarios el programa es bueno, pero sugieren mejoras en las instalaciones y los materiales. Conclusiones: Los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos concuerdan, se sugiere mejorar los espacios para cumplir con las normas básicas de funcionamiento.

Objective: To assess installations and services in the communitarian dining facilities, and identify staff and beneficiaries perceptions and proposals regarding the Tizimín program, Yucatán, México. Methods: Mixed focus; for quantitative data the hygiene and instruments conditions were used with the participation of 41 cooks and 177 beneficiaries; while for qualitative data, a semi-structured interview was used with 15 cooks and 12 beneficiaries. For qualitative analysis, the SPSS® version 19 and Excel® version 2007 software programs were used; while for qualitative analysis, the data categorization system was used. Quantitative results: hygiene conditions and infrastructure are not adequate; diets do not cover the required calories for each age group. Results: Menus contain healthy meals but the amounts are not ideal. Cooks and beneficiaries consider that the program is good, but suggest improvements in the installations and materials. Conclusions: Both quantitative and qualitative results are in agreement. Improve the spaces is suggested in order to fulfill the basic functioning Norms.

Telemedicina: un desafío para América Latina / Telemedicine: a challenge for Latin America / Telemedicina: um desafio para América Latina

La telemedicina es una tendencia creciente en la prestación de los servicios médicos. Aunque la eficacia de esta práctica no ha estado bien establecida, es probable que los países en desarrollo compartirán este nuevo paradigma con los desarrollados. Los defensores de la telemedicina en América Latina sostienen que será una herramienta útil para reducir las disparidades y mejorar la accesibilidad de atención de salud. Aunque América Latina quizá se convierta en un lugar para la investigación e investigación de estos procedimientos, no está claro cómo la telemedicina podría contribuir a mejorar la accesibilidad para las poblaciones desfavorecidas, o coexistir con sistemas de atención de salud públicos crónicamente enfermos.

Telemedicine is a growing trend in the provision of medical services. Although the effectiveness of this practice has not been well established, it is likely that developing countries will share this new paradigm with developed ones. Supporters of telemedicine in Latin America maintain that it will be a useful tool for reducing disparities and improving health care accessibility. Although Latin America might become a place for research and investigation of these procedures, it is not clear how telemedicine could contribute to improving accessibility for disadvantaged populations, or coexist with chronically ill-funded public healthcare systems.

A telemedicina é uma tendência crescente na prestação dos serviços médicos. Embora a eficácia desta prática não tenha sido ainda bem estabelecida, é provável que os países em desenvolvimento compartilharão este novo paradigma com os países desenvolvidos. Os defensores da telemedicina na América Latina sustentam que esta será uma ferramenta útil para reduzir as disparidades e melhorar a acessibilidade da atenção de saúde. Embora a América Latina, quem sabe se converta num lugar para a pesquisa e pesquisa destes procedimentos em particular, não está claro como a telemedicina poderia contribuir apara melhorar a acessibilidade para as populações desfavorecidas, o co-existir com os sistemas de atenção de saúde públicas cronicamente enfermos.