ABSTRACT
O suicídio é um grave problema de saúde pública e envolve uma associação de fatores biológicos, psicológicos, sociais e culturais. Por se tratar de uma morte violenta, causada pelo próprio indivíduo, gera impactos emocionais e sociais significativos na dinâmica familiar. Por essa razão, os familiares enlutados apresentam dificuldades em desenvolver estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com o sofrimento psíquico derivado do suicídio de um de seus membros. O enfrentamento ou coping são os esforços cognitivos ou comportamentais que um indivíduo utiliza para administrar situações consideradas estressoras. É classificado em: coping focalizado na emoção e coping focalizado no problema. O presente artigo visa levantar as estratégias de enfrentamento mais utilizadas pelos familiares no processo de luto por suicídio. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados on-line: SCIELO, MEDLINE e PUBMED, nas quais foram selecionadas 10 publicações, artigos nos idiomas inglês e português, no período de 2011 a 2020. Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis na íntegra acerca da temática aqui proposta, excluindo dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado e monografias. Os resultados demonstraram que as estratégias de enfrentamento mais adotadas pelos familiares enlutados por suicídio foram: evitamento, isolamento, afastamento, auto culpa, reavaliação positiva, religiosidade, resolução planejada, apoio e suporte social, adaptação à perda e autocontrole. Concluiu-se que é necessária a realização de novas pesquisas acerca dessa temática, visando expandir a discussão e ampliar as estratégias de cuidado aos familiares enlutados por suicídio.
Suicide is a serious public health problem and involves the association of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Since it is a violent death, caused by the individual, it generates significant emotional and social impacts on the family dynamics. Thus, bereaved family members have difficulties in developing coping strategies to deal with the psychological suffering that result from the suicide of one of their members. Coping is related to cognitive or behavioral efforts that an individual uses to manage situations considered stressful. They are classified into emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. This article aims to raise the coping strategies most used by family members in the process of bereavement by suicide. This is an integrative literature review carried out on the online databases: SCIELO, MEDLINE and PUBMED, in articles in English and Portuguese. Ten publications, from 2011 to 2020, were selected. Master's dissertations, doctoral theses, and final papers were excluded. The results showed that the coping strategies most adopted by family members bereaved by suicide were avoidance, isolation, withdrawal, self-blame, positive reappraisal, religiosity, planned resolution, support and social support, adaptation to loss, and self-control. It was possible to conclude that it is necessary to carry out further research on this topic, aiming to expand the discussion and expand care strategies for family members bereaved by suicide.
Subject(s)
Emotional Adjustment , Suicide , Bereavement , Adaptation, PsychologicalABSTRACT
<p>Periodic evaluation of end-of- life (EOL) palliative care is important to maintain and improve quality of EOL palliative care. We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, self-report questionnaire survey for bereaved family members of cancer patients in 2010. This was the second time nationwide survey. This study aimed to evaluate EOL cancer care from the perspective of bereaved family members in nationwide general hospitals, inpatient palliative care units (PCUs), and home hospices in Japan and to explore whether there is any change of quality of palliative care over the last nationwide survey conducted in 2007. Among member facilities of Hospice Palliative Care Japan, 25 general hospitals, 103 PCUs, 14 clinics participated in this study and 7797 bereaved family members answered the questionnaire. Overall, bereaved family members were satisfied with EOL care in all places of death, as in the last survey. Although results indicated that coordination of care and physical care of nurse were warranted to improve in general hospitals, drawback of PCUs were availability and the potential deficits of clinics were the environment. Through the years, there is no clinically significant change from the last survey. We should continue to make efforts to evaluate and monitor palliative care in Japan for quality control.</p>