Nivel de riesgo del personal de sanitario frente al consumo de alcohol en dos instituciones de salud en Colombia / Risk level of health care personnel with regard to alcohol consumption in two health care institutions in Colombia

El consumo de alcohol es una situación social con amplia aceptación, que representa en sus consecuencias un factor de riesgo importante para la carga de enfermedad, mortalidad, accidentalidad y afectaciones en el ámbito laboral. Las causas de este consumo se relacionan a los aspectos psicológicos, emocionales, sociales que se dan en la actividad en el trabajo, relación familiar o interacción social.

Alcohol consumption is a social situation with wide acceptance, which represents in its consequences an important risk factor for the burden of disease, mortality, accident and affectations in the work environment. The causes of this consumption are related to psychological, emotional and social aspects that occur in work activities, family relationships or social interaction.

Prevalencia y factores socioeconómicos asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de hogares pobres en la subregión Montes de María, en el Caribe colombiano / Prevalence and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Alcohol Consumption by Youngsters from Low-income Homes in the Montes de María Sub-region, in the Colombian Caribbean / Prevalência e fatores socioeconômicos associados ao consumo de álcool em jovens de lares pobres na sub-região Montes María, no Caribe colombiano

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de consumo semanal de alcohol en población joven y sus determinantes socioeconómicos en la subregión Montes de María, del Caribe colombiano. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal de 10 667 jóvenes encuestados de 10 a 24 años. Se utilizaron tablas de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y posición, con estratificación de la muestra por sexo y grupos edad. Se usó un modelo logístico de respuesta dicotómica para la prevalecía, explorando factores de riesgo. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol de alguna vez por semana es 9,4 %. La prevalencia en hombres es 14,5 % y en mujeres es 5,6 %. En menores de edad es 3,9 % y en mayores de edad es 19,0 %. El municipio de San Onofre presenta la mayor prevalecía (14,9 %). Además, ser hombre, ser empleado, tener una mala relación con los padres, tener familiares víctimas del conflicto o asesorías psicológicas previas incrementó el riesgo de consumo de alcohol. En las mujeres, pero no en los hombres, tener pensamientos suicidas se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de consumo de alcohol. Para ambos sexos, tener de 18 a 24 años, perder años escolares, consumir sustancias psicoactivas y comportarse como agresor en casos de matoneo escolar incrementan el riesgo de consumo de alcohol. Discusión: La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol de alguna vez a la semana de los jóvenes de Montes de María está a 1,5 puntos porcentuales de la prevalencia de consumo perjudicial a nivel nacional (11,07 %). Los jóvenes de 18 a 24 años tienen una prevalencia igual al consumo de alcohol riesgoso y perjudicial nacional para el mismo rango de edad (18,76 %). Los factores de riesgo encontrados denotan problemas familiares, desinterés escolar y problemas psicológicos. Conclusiones: Hay alta prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de Montes de María, donde es necesario afianzar programas preventivos de consumo de alcohol en edades tempranas.

Abstract Objective: to estimate the prevalence of weekly alcohol composition in the young population and its socioeconomic determinants, in the Montes de María sub-region, Colombian Caribbean. Methodology: analytic cross-sectional study with 10667 surveys on youngsters aged 10-24 years. Frequency grids and measures of central tendency, dispersion and position were used, classifying the sample by sex and age groups. A logistic model of dichotomous questions was used for the prevalence, studying risk factors. Results: the prevalence of alcohol consumption at least once a week is 9.4%. In males, the prevalence is 14.5%, and in women, it is 5.6%. Underage prevalence is 3.9% and adult prevalence is 19.0%. The municipality of San Onofre has the highest prevalence (14.9%). Additionally, the risk of alcohol consumption increased in male who were employees, had dysfunctional family relationship, relatives who were victims of the armed conflict or who received previous psychological attention. In women, but not in men, having suicidal thoughts was associated with higher risk of alcohol consumption. For all the participants, being between 18 and 24 years of age, having failed school years, consuming psychoactive substances being a school bully increased the risk of alcohol consumption. Discussion: the prevalence of atleast- once-a-week alcohol consumption in the youngsters of Montes de María is 1.5% below the national harmful alcohol consumption level (11.07%). The sample's youngsters aged 18-24 years have the same prevalence of high-risk and harmful alcohol consumption as the national level for the same age range (18.76%). The risk factors found reveal family issues, a lack of interest in school and psychological problems. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of alcohol consumption in the youngsters of Montes de María and it is necessary to enforce programs to prevent alcohol consumption at young ages.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de consumo semanal de álcool na população jovem e seus determinantes socioeconômicos na sub-região Montes de María, do Caribe colombiano. Metodologia: foi um estudo analítico transversal de 10 667 jovens de 10 a 24 anos que foram indagados. Utilizaram-se grelhas de frequência e medidas de tendência central, dispersão e posição, com estratificação da amostra por sexo e grupos de idade. Utilizou-se um modelo logístico de resposta dicotómica para a prevalência, estudando fatores de risco. Resultados: a prevalência de consumo de álcool de alguma vez por semana é de 9,4%. A prevalência em homes é 14,5% e 5,6% em mulheres. Em menores de idade é 3,9% e em adultos é 19,0%. O município San Onofre tem a prevalência mais alta (14,9%). Além disso, ser homem, ser empregado, ter uma relação ruim com os pais, ter família vítima do conflito ou assessorias psicológicas anteriores aumentou o risco de consumo de álcool. Nas mulheres, não nos homens, ter pensamentos suicidas esteve relacionado com mais risco de consumo de álcool. Para todos, ter entre 18 e 24 anis, perder anos da escola, consumir substâncias psicoativas e ter comportamento agressor em casos de bullying na escola aumentam o risco de consumo de álcool. Discussão: a prevalência do consumo de álcool de alguma vez por semana dos jovens de Montes de Ma ría fica a 1,5 pontos de percentagem da prevalência do consumo prejudicial a nível nacional (11,07%). Os jovens de 18 a 24 anos têm uma prevalência igual ao consumo de álcool de risco e pre judicial nacional no mesmo intervalo de idade (18,76%). Os fa tores de risco achados revelam problemas familiares, desinteresse escolar e problemas psicológicos. Conclusões: há uma prevalên cia alta de consumo de álcool nos jovens de Montes de María, sendo necessário fortalecer programas de prevenção de consumo de álcool nas idades precoces.

Consumo de álcool e violência física entre adolescentes: quem é o preditor? / Alcohol consumption and physical violence among adolescents: which is the predictor?

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi investigar na literatura a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e violência física, com ênfase em identificar o preditor entre eles. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, adotando como descritores: "violence", "alcohool drinking" e "adolescent". Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2014, e que analisassem a associação entre o consumo de álcool e a violência física, usando análise multivariada. Do total de 1667 artigos, 29 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. O consumo de álcool foi a variável mais investigada como preditora do envolvimento em violência física, quando o adolescente é o perpetrador ou a vítima da violência, com associação significativa em 19 estudos. No entanto, quando a vitimização foi investigada como preditora (7 estudos), na maioria destes (6) houve associação significativa com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo de bebida alcoólica se mostrou preditor da violência física, tanto para o adolescente perpetrador quanto para aquele vítima da violência. Entretanto, ter sido vítima de violência na infância e na adolescência também pode levar o adolescente ao consumo do álcool.

Abstract The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting "violence," "alcohool drinking" and "adolescent" as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.

Coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and dietary nutrient intakes according to coffee intake amount among university students / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount among university students. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 300 university students randomly selected in Gongju. Dietary survey was administered during two weekdays by the food record method. RESULTS: Subjects were divided into three groups: NCG (non-coffee group), LCG (low coffee group, 1~2 cups/d), and HCG (high coffee group, 3 cups/d) by coffee intake amount and subjects' distribution. Coffee intake frequency was significantly greater in the HCG compared to the LCG (p < 0.001). The HCG was more likely to intake dripped coffee with or without milk and/or sugar than the LCG (p < 0.05). More than 80% of coffee drinkers chose their favorite coffee or accompanying snacks regardless of energy content. More than 75% of coffee takers did not eat accompanying snacks instead of meals, and the HCG ate them more frequently than LCG (p < 0.05). Breakfast skipping rate was high while vegetable and fruit intakes were very low in most subjects. Subjects who drank carbonated drinks, sweet beverages, or alcohol were significantly greater in number in the LCG and HCG than in the NCG (p < 0.01). Energy intakes from coffee were 0.88 ± 5.62 kcal/d and 7.07 ± 16.93 kcal/d for the LCG and HCG. For total subjects, daily mean dietary energy intake was low at less than 72% of estimated energy requirement. Levels of vitamin C and calcium were lower than the estimated average requirements while that of vitamin D was low (24~34% of adequate intake). There was no difference in nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount, except protein, vitamin A, and niacin. CONCLUSION: Coffee intake amount did not affect dietary nutrient intakes. Dietary habits were poor,and most nutrient intakes were lower than recommend levels. High intakes of coffee seemed to be related with high consumption of sweet beverages and alcohol. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nutritional intakes and encourage proper water intake habits, including coffee intake, for improved nutritional status of subjects.

Análise da mortalidade por acidentes de transporte terrestre antes e após a Lei Seca – Brasil, 2007-200 / Mortality analysis of traffic accidents before and after Brazil’s Dry Law, from 2007 to 2009

Objetivo: comparar o risco de morte por ATT antes e depois na implantação da Lei 11.705 (Lei Seca), que restringe o consumo de bebida alcoólica no Brasil. Metodologia: foram avaliados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) de 2007 a 2009. Avaliaram-se as variações da taxa padronizada de mortalidade por ATT e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento no período anterior (julho/2007 a junho/2008) e posterior (julho/2008 a junho/2009) à implantação da Lei Seca. Resultados: identificou-se redução proporcional significativa no risco de morte por ATT, variando de -7,4 por cento para o Brasil a -11,8 por cento nas capitais, principalmente entre os homens (-8,3 por cento e -12,6 por cento, respectivamente). Conclusões: recomenda-se a manutenção e ampliação da fiscalização e educação para o trânsito e ainda a continuidade de estudos analíticos para melhor avaliar o impacto da medida restritiva ao álcool e direção.

Objective: to compare the risk of death due to road traffic accidents (RTA) before and after the implementation of Law Number 11,705 (Dry Law) that restricts the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Brazil. Methodology: data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), from 2007 to 2009, were evaluated. The standardized RTA death rate variations and their respective confidence intervals of 95 per cent were evaluated in the period from July 2007 to June 2008 (before the Dry Law) and from July 2008 to June 2009 (after the implementation of the Dry Law). Results: a significant proportional reduction in RTA death rates was observed, ranging from 7.4 per cent for Brazil to 11.8 percent for state capitals, especially among men (-8.3 percent and -12.6 percent, respectively). Conclusions: the continuous maintenance and increase in surveillance and traffic education activities along with the development of analytical studies to better evaluate the impact of such restrictive measures are recommended.

A Study on the Status of Beverage Consumption of the Middle School Students in Jeonju / 대한지역사회영양학회지

To investigate how the beverage consumption of middle school students are different in some respects; favorite kinds, drinking time and so on. 579 middle school students in Jeonju were participated in this study. This study shows the frequency of drinking beverage and the correlation between the frequency and the various factors to have effects on the frequency. The students usually drink water 8.55 times, milk or yogurt 3.01 times, sport beverage 2.13 times, soft drink 1.93 times, and fruit and vegetable juice 1.85 times for one week. The boy students prefer more soft or sport drink to the girl students. However the drinking of other beverages such as water, milk, juice, traditional ones don't have any meaningful differences between the boys and the girls. The students drink water mostly when they have meals. And the second consuming beverage is milk at table. It explains the students who drink more milk than water with bread. There is a big difference according to their excercise frequency. The students who excercise regularly or excercise over 3 hours drink more soft or sport drink and milk or yogurt than the students who exercise less than 1 hour. The beverages are firstly needed during the exercise because they sweat. And the second beverage time is when they have snacks and when they take a break. It should be suggested that nutrition education targeted to middle school students and their parents should encourage limited consumption of soft drinks. Therefore, policies that limit students' access to soft drinks at schools should be promoted.

The Relationship between the Prevalence of Constipation and Beverage Intake of Female High School Students in Seoul / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the prevalence of constipation and beverage intake. Research data were collected from first and second grade female students at Hyehwa High School in Seoul by means of questionnaires. A total of 190 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. The results are summarized as follows: The average body mass index (BMI) was 20.7. Of the students, 38.4% had a BMI of less than 20 (underweight), and 15.8% had a BMI of over 23 (overweight). However, 84.7% of the students wanted to lose weight. To estimate the prevalence of constipation, five factors were used: frequency and regularity of defecation, time spent defecating, defecation difficulty, and feeling of residue after defecation. The percentage of the students who emptied their bowels every day was 22.1%. About 2/5 of the students (42.1%) had irregular defecation, and 15.2% spent more than 10 minutes in the rest room when defecating. The students who did not have difficulty defecating and those who did not have feelings of residue after defecating were only 24.7% and 28.9%, respectively. The amount of beverage intake per day was 1,062 ml: 674 ml of water, 128 ml of milk, 88 ml of soft drinks, and 53 ml of fruit juice. The amount of beverage intake before breakfast, during breakfast, before lunch and during lunch was about 100 ml, each; before dinner, during dinner, and after dinner it was about 200 ml, each. The amount of beverage intake during the weekend was 120 ml greater than on weekdays. Students who drank more beverages, especially water, before breakfast, showed a higher defecation frequency, more regular defecation, spent less time defecating, had less difficulty defecating, and had less feeling of residue after defecation, so that they have a better defecation pattern. Based on these results, increasing the amount of beverage consumption, especially of water, and drinking greater quantities of beverage before breakfast are ways to reduce constipation.

A Study on Beverage Consumption Pattern Associated with Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students

This study was conducted to investigate beverage consumptions in relation to food intakes of Korean young people. One hundred thirty five college students(61 males and 74 females) living in Taegu, Kyung-buk and Taejon answered to questionnaires and recorded three day food intakes between May 20 and June 5, 1997. The preferred beverages were fruit juice, carbonated drink, dairy drink, sport beverage for male students, and fruit juice, dairy drink, sport beverage and carbonated drink for female students. Beverage taken most frequently was coffee for both. Frequent consumption of orange juice was associated with consumption of vegetables, meats, and fats and oils used for frying, and light cola seemed to be consumed with greasy dishes. Beverage consumption contributed to intakes of calcium and vitamin B2 more than other nutrients. 4.6% of total energy intake, 15.5% of calcium intake, 11.4% of vitamin B2 provided from beverages in female. Contributions of beverages to nutrient intakes were higher in female than in male students. Calcium intake was the lowest among nutrients for males, and intakes of iron and vitamin A were the lowest for females as compared to the recommended dietary allowances. Therefore it is necessary to guide college students to choose beverages for balanced intakes of necessary nutrients.