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Metabolic homeostasis is a basic function necessary for the survival of the organism. α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase protein with a glycosylation degree of up to 45%. It has high affinity and low capacity. Although the biological role of AGP is not fully understood, it has been proven that it can regulate immunity and metabolism, and play an important role in transporting drugs and maintaining capillary barrier function. In this review, the structural characteristics, biochemical characteristics and the regulation of AGP expression were reviewed, with emphasis on the regulatory role of AGP in metabolism, suggesting that AGP may be a potential key factor in metabolic pathways, which provides a new research direction for metabolic diseases.
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Objective:To explore the biochemical characteristics, virulence factors and other phenotypes of the strains of Yersinia pestis isolated in Jianchuan County Yunnan Province in 2017, and to analyze the nature and source of the new plague epidemic. Methods:Three strains of Yersinia pestis (JC109 rat, JC109 fleas and JC113) isolated from Daqing Village, Jinhua Town, Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2017, and 2 associated strains of Yersinia pestis (LJ01 in Yulong County, Lijiang City and LJ04 in Gucheng District of Lijiang City), 5 control strains ( Yersinia pestis JC1332, LJ485, BN2636, EV-76 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PST-1), preserved by the Central Laboratory of Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention were collected. The biochemical characteristics and ecotypes of Yersinia pestis were analyzed by using arabinose, rhamnose, denbiose, maltose and glycerol fermentation experiments and nitrate reduction experiments. Combining pigmentation factor (pgm), virulence antigen (VW) detection and nutritional requirements test results to determine the virulence of Yersinia pestis. Results:The Yersinia pestis JC109 rat, JC109 fleas and JC113 all fermented arabinose, maltose and glycerol, but didn't ferment rhamnose and denbiose; and the nitrate reduction test was positive. The ecological type belonged to the Himalayan Marmot plague strain of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The virulence factors pgm and VW tests were positive, the nutritional requirement type was phenylalanine dependent and glutamate independent. It had the same phenotype as the LJ01 strain, but different from the JC1332 strain. Conclusions:The newly isolated strains in Jianchuan County are the same as those in the Lijiang Yulong wild rodent plague foci. This outbreak may have been imported from the Lijiang Yulong wild rodent plague foci to the south.
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This study, initiated in Côte d'Ivoire, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the triple bagging system associated or not with biopesticides on the conservation of biochemical parameters, in particular its nutritional potential according to a central composite design (CCD). It was carried in Côte d'Ivoire at Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Science from March 2016 to September 2017. Shelf life, biopesticides rate and interactions between shelf life and biopesticides had a significant influence on the biochemical characteristics of maize. The polypropylene bag (control) had the highest values after eighteen (18) months of moisture storage (9.02% to 16.99%) and showed very high fibre losses (P<0.001) (5.78% to 4.28%), total sugars (2.62% to 1.30%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.27%), starch (75.20% to 46.10%), fat (5.51% to 3.33%), protein (8.60% to 6.87%), total carbohydrate (75.20% to 71.51%), ash (1.68% to 1.30%) and energy value (384.78% to 343.48%). Concerning the triple bagging system without biopesticides, the variation is similar to the treatments that received the biopesticides up to 9.5 months of storage before presenting values almost similar to the control bag after the 18 months of storage. While triple bagging systems with the presence of biopesticides after 18 months of storage show slight variations in moisture (9.02% to 12.47%), fibre (5.78% to 5.56%), total sugars (2.62% to 1,88%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.37%), starch (75.20% to 60.03%), fat (5.51% to 5.00%), protein (8.60% to 7.84%), total carbohydrates (75.20% to 72.69%), ash (1.68% to 1.50%) and energy value (384.78% to 368.93%). The results of these tests show that maize grains stored in the presence of biopesticides best retain their biochemical characteristics. Also, the results indicate that the rate of 1.01% biopesticides could be recommended for maintaining all biochemical parameters up to 18 months of storage.
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Objective: To study the effects of different inoculation periods on seedling growth and steroidal saponin content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, in order to lay a foundation for cultivating and domesticating high-quality Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Methods: The content of steroidal saponins I, II, VI, and VII in the different vaccination periods of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was determined by HPLC. Meanwhile, trypan blue, UV spectrophotometry and so on were adopted to explore colonization rate, colonization intensity, physiological and biochemical indexes, rhizome biomass of the roots of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Results: Infection rate of AM fungi was higher in different inoculation periods, activities of protective enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars were increased, soluble protein was not changed, content of MDA was decreased, stress resistance of the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was improved, and the growth and development were good. Quality of the cultivar one-year seedlings (recovered in August 2015, T7) was relatively low, and cultivar one-year seedlings (harvested in June or July 2015, T5 and T6) and cultivar two years seedlings (recovered in August 2015, T8) were the best. S2, S3 and S6 treatment groups had better effect in different AM fungi mixed groups. Conclusion: Seedling growth and steroidal saponin content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis inoculated by different inoculation periods had certain effects.
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Objective: To study the physiological and biochemical characteristics of four dominant microorganisms and the yellow pigment content of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata (PRF), and provide basis for exploring the mechanism of PRF processing. Methods: The optimum growth temperature and pH value of the four dominant microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Paecilomyces variotii, Byssochlamys spectabilis, and Aspergillus niger were studied. The ability of producing acidase, amylase, protease, and yellow pigment were determined. The yellow pigment content of each sample at different fermentation time points in process of PRF was determined. Results: The most suitable growth temperatures for B. subtilis, P. variotii, B. spectabilis, and A. niger were 35 ℃, 29 ℃, 29-31 ℃, and 39 ℃; And the optimum pH were 7.0, 7.0, 7.5, and 7.0, respectively. Four kinds of microorganisms had the ability to produce amylase and protease. P. variotii and B. spectabilis had the ability to produce yellow pigment. The content of yellow pigment were 69.875, 69.875, 71.750, 119.500, and 137.875 μg/g in the samples at different time points. Conclusion: Four kinds of dominant microorganisms may play an important role in fermentation process of PRF.
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Abstract As a glacier retreats, barren areas are exposed, and these barren areas are ideal sites to study microbial succession. In this study, we characterized the soil culturable bacterial communities and biochemical parameters of early successional soils from a receding glacier in the Tianshan Mountains. The total number of culturable bacteria ranged from 2.19 × 105 to 1.30 × 106 CFU g-1 dw and from 9.33 × 105 to 2.53 × 106 CFU g-1 dw at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The number of culturable bacteria in the soil increased at 25 °C but decreased at 4 °C along the chronosequence. The total organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and enzymatic activity were relatively low in the glacier foreland. The number of culturable bacteria isolated at 25 °C was significantly positively correlated with the TOC and TN as well as the soil urease, protease, polyphenoloxidase, sucrase, catalase, and dehydrogenase activities. We obtained 358 isolates from the glacier foreland soils that clustered into 35 groups using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. These groups are affiliated with 20 genera that belong to six taxa, namely, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Deinococcus-Thermus, with a predominance of members of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in all of the samples. A redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial succession was divided into three periods, an early stage (10a), a middle stage (25-74a), and a late stage (100-130a), with the total number of culturable bacteria mainly being affected by the soil enzymatic activity, suggesting that the microbial succession correlated with the soil age along the foreland.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Ice Cover/microbiology , Ice Cover/chemistry , Phylogeny , Soil/chemistry , Soil Microbiology , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/growth & development , Bacteria/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , China , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Nitrogen/analysis , Nitrogen/metabolismABSTRACT
Objectives To provide theoretical basis for the clinical rational using of drugs, biochemical characteristics of the liver injuries induced by the atorvastatin, simvastatin and lovastatin were analyzed and compared by replicating the rats model of liver injuries induced by statins, Methods 80 SPF SD rats (8 weeks of age), half male and half female, were divided into four groups randomly: control group, simvastatin group, lovastatin group, atorvastatin group. Human equivalent doses were administered to the latter three groups of rats which were sacrificed to draw blood on the 10 th, 35 th and 55 th day respectively (via the femoral artery) for testing liver function index, including total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), aspartateaminotransferase (AST), alanineaminotransferase (ALT), alkalinephosphatase (ALP). Results (1) The increases in TBIL, DBIL, IBIL for treatment group in comparison with control group had statistical significance (P＜0.01).2) At the 55 th day of administration, there was a significant statistical difference between the simvastatin group and the lovastatin group in AST (P＜0.05);3) Meanwhile, there was great statistical difference between the atorvastatin group and lovastatin group in ALP (P＜0.01). Conclusion The rats in the three experimental groups suffered from minor to moderate liver injuries, most of which being cholestasis type. It is speculated that this kind of liver injuries are closely related to the obstacle of transfering bile.
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Objective To provide theoretical basis for the rational use of drugs in clinic, the biochemical characteristics of liver injury induced by Atorvastatin Combined with HRZ (Isoniazid Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide) were analyzed in animal model. Me thods Eighty 8 week old SPF SD rats with half males and females were divided into four groups: control group, atorvastatin group, HRZ group, atorvastatin+HRZ group. According to the human mouse drug dose conversion, mice were given corresponding drugs by gavage.Hepatic function index of rats (the Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, Indirect bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase) were detected by blood from the femoral artery and hepatic function index of rats in each group on 10 d, 20 d, 40 d.Re s ults There were significant difference in the anmmistrated group on 10, 20, 40 days with higher TBIL, DBIL, IBIL than that in control group; in the admimistrated group on Day 10, combined treatment group was higher than that in cotrol group and there were significant differences in ALT;in the process of treatmen, there was statistical difference; ALP was administered for 20 days and the 40 day, atorvastatin there was HRZ group was statistically different in groupHRZ, severe injury, combination group compared with HRZ group had statistically significant difference. Conclus ions The liver injury in the three experimental groups is mild and moderate, and the liver damage is mainly cholestasis type. The most severe hepatic injury caused by Atorvastatin Combined with HRZ is aggravated by the prolonged use of drugs.
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Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a multisystem disorder and caused by mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH2 gene.The diagnosis of AGS is hampered by its highly variable clinical manifestations.We performed a retrospective analysis on 16 children diagnosed as having AGS in recent five years in our hospital.Cholestasis was seen in 15 patients (93.8％),heart disease in 12 (75％),characteristic facies in 7 (43.8％),and butterfly vertebrae in 7 (43.8％).Ophthalmology examination was not performed on all the patients.Further,serum biochemical parameters were compared between AGS and 16 biliary atresia (BA) patients who were confirmed by surgery.Elevated liver enzymes were seen in all the patients.Serum total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.0007),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.0056),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.0114),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.035) and total bile acid (TBA) levels (P=0.042) were significantly elevated in AGS patients compared to those in BA cases.However,there were no significant differences in serum total bilirubin (TB),conjugated bilirubin (CB) and albumin (ALB) between the two groups.We identified 14 different JAG1 gene variations and 1 NOTCH2 gene mutation in 16 Chinese AGS patients.Our study suggested clinical features of AGS are highly variable and not all patients meet the classical diagnostic criteria.It was suggested that hypercholesterolaemia and significantly elevated GGT,TBA and ALT may be helpful to diagnose AGS.Genetic testing is integral in the diagnosis of AGS.
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Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a multisystem disorder and caused by mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH2 gene.The diagnosis of AGS is hampered by its highly variable clinical manifestations.We performed a retrospective analysis on 16 children diagnosed as having AGS in recent five years in our hospital.Cholestasis was seen in 15 patients (93.8％),heart disease in 12 (75％),characteristic facies in 7 (43.8％),and butterfly vertebrae in 7 (43.8％).Ophthalmology examination was not performed on all the patients.Further,serum biochemical parameters were compared between AGS and 16 biliary atresia (BA) patients who were confirmed by surgery.Elevated liver enzymes were seen in all the patients.Serum total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.0007),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.0056),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.0114),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.035) and total bile acid (TBA) levels (P=0.042) were significantly elevated in AGS patients compared to those in BA cases.However,there were no significant differences in serum total bilirubin (TB),conjugated bilirubin (CB) and albumin (ALB) between the two groups.We identified 14 different JAG1 gene variations and 1 NOTCH2 gene mutation in 16 Chinese AGS patients.Our study suggested clinical features of AGS are highly variable and not all patients meet the classical diagnostic criteria.It was suggested that hypercholesterolaemia and significantly elevated GGT,TBA and ALT may be helpful to diagnose AGS.Genetic testing is integral in the diagnosis of AGS.
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Isoprene emission can lead to significant consequence for atmospheric chemistry. In addition, isoprene is a chemical compound for various industrial applications. In the organisms, isoprene is produced by isoprene synthase that eliminates the pyrophosphate from the dimethylallyl diphosphate. As a key enzyme of isoprene formation, isoprene synthase plays an important role in the process of natural emission and artificial synthesis of isoprene. So far, isoprene synthase has been found in various plants. Isoprene synthases from different sources are of conservative structural and similar biochemical properties. In this review, the biochemical and structural characteristics of isoprene synthases from different sources were compared, the catalytic mechanism of isoprene synthase was discussed, and the perspective application of the enzyme in bioengineering was proposed.
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Avaliaram-se o desempenho zootécnico, as características da carcaça, as características hematológicas e bioquímicas, a composição química e também a qualidade da água na criação de pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus em tanques-rede em reservatório e alimentados com dietas que continham diferentes quantidades de fósforo total. Foram utilizados 3.000 peixes, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições em 20 tanques-rede, sendo a unidade experimental composta por um tanque com 150 peixes. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco dietas, elaboradas de modo a conterem quantidades de fósforo total de 6,0; 7,5; 9,0; 10,5 e 12,0g/kg por meio da suplementação de fosfato bicálcico. A quantidade de 6,0 a 12,0g/kg de fósforo total na ração pode ser utilizada na alimentação de pacus criados em tanques-rede, sem que haja comprometimento do desempenho dos animais, e pode-se recomendar, comercialmente, 6,0g/kg de fósforo total em dietas para pacus...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, hematologic and biochemical characteristics, chemical composition and water quality in the rearing of pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus in cages in the reservoir fed with diets containing different total phosphorus quantities. A total of 3,000 fish allotted to a completely randomized design were used with five treatments and four replications in 20 cages, and the experimental unit consisted of a tank with 150 fish. The treatments were formed by five diets made to contain total phosphurus quantities of 6.0; 7.5; 9.0; 10.5 and 12.0g/kg through supplementation of dicalcium phosphate. The quantities of 6.0 to 12.0g/kg of total phosphurus can be used in the feeding of pacus reared in cages without compromising the animals' performance and the use of 6.0 g/kg total phosphorus in diets for pacus can be commercially recommended...
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Animals , Animal Feed , Characidae/growth & development , Characidae/metabolism , Phosphorus, Dietary/administration & dosage , Water Quality , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , FisheriesABSTRACT
Objective To study the serotype , biochemical characteristics , virulence gene and multilocus sequence typ-ing(MLST) of S.flexneri 4c in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenyang .Methods Seventy-six strains of S.flexneri 4c isolated from stool samples which had been collected from above-mentioned cities of China were identified with Denka Seiken serum and MASF monoclonal serum .Biochemical characteristics of each strain were identified by API 20E test strip and PCR technology was used for detecting 12 pair virulence genes of S.flexneri.MLST was used to analyze the characteristics . Results The serum agglutination antigen structure of S.flexneri 4c was(Ⅳ:7,8).MASF:B+,Ⅳ:Ⅰ+,7 (8) +.S.flexneri 4c developed different results in biochemical reactions and carried different rates of virulence genes , respectively .The IND test positive rate was 17.11%; MEL weakly positive rate was 3.9%, and ARA test weakly positive rate was 22.37%. Virulence genes were carried at a rate of 89.47% -100%, MLST typing was ST245.Conclusion S.flexneri 4c with serum agglutination antigen structure (Ⅳ:7,8) is a new serotype of S.flexneri.The main biochemical reactions are glucose fermentation and mannitol decomposition .A variety of Shigella related virulence genes are carried .MLST generation is consistent,suggesting that the bacteria might have evolved from ST 270 cloning.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of NaCl stress on growth and physiological-biochemical characteristics of Stellaria dichotoma amdits mechanism. Methods: In this study, one-year-old S. dichotoma was cultivated in pot at four NaCl levels (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) and the plant growth parameters and physiological-biochemical characteristics were determined. Results: NaCl stress had no significant effect on S. dichotoma growth at 0.3% NaCl. However, NaCl stress significantly inhibited the growth of S. dichotoma at 0.4% NaCl or above, and this inhibition was greater at higher concentration. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT increased first and then decreased as NaCl concentration increased; The content of MDA and proline significantly increased as NaCl concentration increased, while membrane permeability and soluble protein content significantly decreased as NaCl concentration increased. Conclusion: S. dichotoma has osmotic stress resistance ability and reactive oxygen scavenging capacity at light NaCl stress, which causes S. dichotoma growth no inhibited at a certain extent NaCl stress.
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Background & objectives: The greater tendency to diabetes in Indians may be due to genetic factors in addition to environment and diet. CD36, a class B scavenger cell surface receptor mediates internalization of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) leading to the formation of macrophage foam cells. CD36 deficiency is related to phenotypic expression of the metabolic syndrome, frequently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases resulting in raised levels of glucose thereby contributing to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, the association of human CD36 gene mutation to T2DM needs investigation. We undertook this study to investigate CD36 gene status in north Indian subjects by screening for the deletion of exons 3, 4 and 5 and certain polymorphisms. Methods: Clinical characteristics were compared between 300 T2DM patients and 100 healthy controls. Deletion analysis was carried out for exons 3, 4 and 5 of CD36 gene in 300 T2DM patients using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. Genotype analysis for two polymorphisms 478C>T and delAC in exons 4 and 5 respectively was carried out using PCR-RFLP method. Results: Biochemical parameters such as fasting and post-prandial glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure were slightly raised in the T2DM patients when compared with controls with lowered HDL-cholesterol. No exonic deletion was observed in the 300 patients and 100 controls screened. All individuals were found to be homozygous (CC and -/-) for the two polymorphisms studied. Interpretation & conclusions: Although no exonic deletion was found in T2DM patients, our study suggests that all 15 exons need to be screened for mutations which lead to CD36 deficiency. Genotyping studies of the two SNPs in the CD36 gene confirmed the absence of exons 4 and 5 deletion. This is perhaps the first report from India suggesting that CD36 is one of the several important genes that need to be explored in relation to T2DM.
Subject(s)
Adult , CD36 Antigens/genetics , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Exons , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Genotype , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Sequence DeletionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hereditary dysfibrinogenemia is a rare cause of venous thromboembolism. Hereditary thrombophilia is diagnosed in about 10% of patients with thromboembolism, with the prevalence diagnosed increasing with the development of molecular biological method. METHODS: A 27-year-old woman was strongly suspected to have hereditary dysfibrinogenemia; therfore, an analysis of the molecular structure of the purified fibrinogen was performed. RESULTS: An SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified fibrinogen revealed no abnormal finding. The purified fibrinogen was treated with thrombin or coagulation factor XIII, and the products show no difference between the normal and patient's specimen on SDS-PAGE analysis. However, an HPLC analysis showed an additional abnormal peak prior to the normal fibrinopeptid A peak. CONCLUSION: A dysfunctional fibrinogen showing an abnormal peak on HPLC analysis was detected in a Korean patient. Her family also showed dysfunctional fibrinogen. In a Korean patient with recurrent thromboembolism, hereditary dysfibrinogenemia should also be taken into consideration.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Factor XIII , Fibrinogen , Korea , Molecular Structure , Prevalence , Thrombin , Thromboembolism , Thrombophilia , Venous ThromboembolismABSTRACT
In this paper, three spoilage organisms were separated from five transmutative soy milks, and all the three spoilage bacteria could survive condition of both 1?105Pa,30min and 300mg/kg Nisin. Morpha character, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences reveal that these three strains are Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and Brevibacillus borstelensis respectively. GenBank accessions for these three strains are EF439666-EF439668。