Estudio de indicadores bioquímicos en la orina de atletas juveniles de sable femenino en entrenamiento / Estudo de indicadores bioquímicos na urina de jovens atletas do sexo feminino sabre em treino / Study of biochemical indicators in the urine of juvenile female sabre athletes in training

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores bioquímicos en la orina de atletas femeninas de sable, de edad juvenil, después de una sesión de entrenamiento, entre los que se destacan el pH (reacción), la glucosa, la albúmina y uno de los tres cuerpos cetónicos (la acetona). La muestra estuvo representada por siete atletas de sable femenino, pertenecientes a La Academia provincial de esgrima, categoría juvenil, con una edad promedio de 16 años y dos de experiencia. El estadígrafo utilizado para las comparaciones fue la media. La determinación del pH, cuantitativamente en la orina, fue a través del papel del pH. La determinación de la glucosa se realizó a través del método del reactivo Benedict. La albúmina se determinó en la orina, a través del método del ácido sulfosalicílico. Y la determinación de la acetona fue mediante el método de Imbert. La motivación para la investigación se debe a la incorporación del sable femenino en la esgrima contemporánea, lo que estudia las características y rendimiento del sexo femenino en el sable, arma bien rápida y fuerte. Los resultados demuestran cómo la carga aplicada durante una sesión de entrenamiento de un microciclo seleccionado de la preparación especial provocó variaciones en la mayoría de los indicadores, demostrando la aparición de un estado de acidosis en la orina, como consecuencia del trabajo realizado. Y se constató, además, la utilidad en la determinación de la albúmina para caracterizar la intensidad de la carga física.

RESUMO O presente estudo visa determinar o comportamento de alguns indicadores bioquímicos na urina de atletas do sabre feminino, de idade juvenil, após uma sessão de treino, entre os quais se destacam o pH (reação), glicose, albumina e um dos três corpos cetónicos (acetona). A amostra foi representada por sete atletas do sabre feminino, pertencentes à academia de esgrima provincial, categoria juvenil, com uma idade média de 16 anos e dois anos de experiência. A estatística utilizada para as comparações foi a média. A determinação do pH, quantitativamente na urina, foi feita através do papel de pH. A glicose foi determinada utilizando o método do reagente de Benedict. A albumina foi determinada na urina, através do método do ácido sulfosalicílico. E a acetona foi determinada pelo método de Imbert. A motivação para a investigação deve-se à incorporação do sabre feminino na esgrima contemporânea, que estuda as características e o desempenho do sexo feminino no sabre, uma arma muito rápida e forte. Os resultados mostram como a carga aplicada durante uma sessão de treino de um microciclo selecionado da preparação especial causou variações na maioria dos indicadores, demonstrando o aparecimento de um estado de acidose na urina, como consequência do trabalho realizado. Foi também confirmada a utilidade da determinação da albumina para caracterizar a intensidade da carga física.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to determine the behavior of some biochemical indicators in the urine of female sabre athletes, of juvenile age, after a training session, among which pH (reaction), glucose, albumin and one of the three ketone bodies (acetone) stand out. The sample was represented by seven female sabre athletes, belonging to the provincial fencing academy, youth category, with an average age of 16 years and two years of experience. The statistic used for comparisons was the mean. The determination of pH, quantitatively in urine, was through pH paper. Glucose was determined by the Benedict's reagent method. Albumin was determined in urine, through the sulfosalicylic acid method. In addition, acetone was determined by Imbert's method. The motivation for the research is due to the incorporation of the female sabre in contemporary fencing, which studies the characteristics and performance of the female sex in the sabre, a very fast and strong weapon. The results show how the load applied during a training session of a selected microcycle of the special preparation caused variations in most of the indicators, demonstrating the appearance of a state of acidosis in the urine, as a consequence of the work performed. The usefulness of the determination of albumin to characterize the intensity of the physical load was also confirmed.

Correlation between gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 生物工程学报

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global epidemic disease caused by hepatitis B virus that can lead to hepatic failure, even liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The occurrence and development of CHB are closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota communities. To explore the relationship between the structure of gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators, 14 CHB patients (the CHB group) and 11 healthy people (the CN group) were randomly enrolled in this study. Our results demonstrate that CHB caused changes in the gut microbiota communities and biochemical indicators, such as alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, CHB induced imbalance of the gut microbiota. Prevotella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium eligens group, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA were associated with the critical biochemical indicators and liver injury, suggesting a new approach to CHB treatment.

Analysis of biochemical indexes and risk factors in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon in high altitude Area / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the biochemical indicators of patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) in high altitude areas and to analyze the risk factors of CSFP. Methods A total of 90 CSFP patients with no coronary artery stenosis were selected as the CSFP group (48 patients in high altitude area and 50 patients in low and middle altitude area）and 101 patients with normal blood flow were selected as the control group (50 patients in high altitude area and 51 patients in low and middle altitude area). The biochemical indicators of the patient's admission were obtained, and the high risk factors of CSFP were analyzed. Results ALT, GOT, Na, CK, CG, LDL-C, TG, and ET-1 in the CSFP group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while HDL-C and NO in the CSFP group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CG, TG and ET-1 in the high altitude group were higher than those in the low and middle altitude group (P<0.05), while NO was lower than that in the low and medium altitude group (P<0.05). ET-1 and NO were independent influencing factors of CSFP (P<0.05). Conclusion Dyslipidemia can occur in patients with CSFP, especially in high altitude areas. The change of blood lipid level is an independent influencing factor of CSFP.

Toxicity of the Hydroethanolic Leaves Extract of Duranta erecta L. in Rat Models

Background and Objectives:Duranta erectais used in folklore medicine for the treatment of myriad of diseases in Africa. The study was carried out to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic leaves extract of D. erectain experimental rats in order to ascertain its potential toxic effects. Materials and Methods:The acute toxicity study was performed by fixed dose method at 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute study performed on both male and female rats, group I (control) received 1 mL of freshly distilled water, groups II, III, IV were treated with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of freshly prepared extract respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined. Internal organs (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, testes and uterus) were weighed.Results:50% lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be >5 g/kg body weight. The subacute toxicity assessment resulted in overall body weight increase, a change in relative organ weight of the liver, lung, stomach, and changes in the haematological indices such as HCT%, LYM%, RDW-SD/fL, MCHC, MCV/fL, P-LCR% and biochemical parameters namely ALT, AST, LDH and creatinine of the tested group relative to the normal. The positive activity of the extract on liver enzymes and LDH is an indication of its good hepatoprotective potential.Conclusion:The results affirmed that the extract is safe but could cause kidney problems when used for a prolonged period

Blood biochemical indicators, IgM and IgG antibodies in 56 confirmed and suspected COVID-19 cases / 上海预防医学

Objective To provide reliable indicators for effective prevention and control of COVID-19, we examined the biochemical indicators as well as anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients. Methods A total of 56 confirmed and suspected COVID-19 cases quarantined during January-March, 2020 in Gansu Provincial People′s Hospital and People′s Hospital of Xigu District, Gansu Province were included.Based on the results of nucleic acid testing and CT scan finding, they were divided into three groups: positive in both nucleic acid testing and CT scan finding; positive in nucleic acid testing but negative in CT scan finding; negative in both nucleic acid testing and CT scan finding.COVID-19 viral nucleic acid was detected and chest CT scan was performed.The following biochemical indicators were examined: total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the differences in the biochemical indicators among these three groups, as well as the temporal trend of IgM and IgG antibodies at different points of time. Results There were significant differences in the mean values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase between these three groups (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in the mean value of total protein and albumin (P>0.05).ROC curve indicated that aspartate aminotransferase had the largest maximum area under the curve (AUC, 0.834), whereas alanine aminotransferase had the highest sensitivity (1.0) and total bilirubin had the highest specificity (0.927).Thus, aspartate transaminase provided the best prediction for the diagnosis of COVID-19, with sensitivity of 0.786, specificity of 0.854, and the maximum AUC of 0.834.In 12 of 16 confirmed COVID-19 patients tested IgG positive after 10 days of diagnosis, and 10 of 10 confirmed COVID-19 patients tested IgG positive after 14 days of diagnosis. Conclusion Aspartate aminotransferase may be the most useful indicator in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Caracterización del estado nutricional de pacientes posoperados con complicaciones en una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Characterization of the status of postoperative patients with complications in an intensive care unite

Introducción: Las unidades de atención al paciente gravemente enfermo informan numerosos casos con desnutrición. Para poder estimarlo es necesario utilizar indicadores dietéticos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e inmunológicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado nutricional de los pacientes posoperados ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal. Los valores se obtuvieron de los indicadores antropométricos (circunferencia media del brazo y circunferencia de la pantorrilla), bioquímicos (albúmina, colesterol, triglicéridos y creatinina) e inmunológicos (conteo total de linfocitos) de 98 pacientes ingresados en dicha unidad. El estado nutricional fue evaluado mediante variables independientes. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con estadía entre 1-7 días (71,4 por ciento), la ventilación mecánica se utilizó en 33,6 por ciento, fallecieron 19,3 por ciento de los pacientes, y predominó el grupo de afecciones intraabdominales 38,8 por ciento. La linfopenia (68,3 por ciento) y la hipoalbuminemia (62,2 por ciento) fueron más significativas, seguida de la circunferencia media del brazo (CMB) en rango de desnutrición (47,9 por ciento). No se demostró asociación de las variables nutricionales con la estadía, ni la necesidad de ventilación mecánica. Todas las variables se asociaron con el estado al egreso. Conclusiones: Predominó la estadía alrededor de una semana, la tercera parte de la muestra requirió apoyo ventilatorio, y la mortalidad fue baja. De las variables nutricionales estudiadas no se encontró asociación de estas con la estadía ni el uso de ventilación mecánica pero sí con el estado al egreso(AU)

Introduction: Critically ill care units report numerous cases of malnutrition. In order to estimate such statistics, it is necessary to use dietary, anthropometric, biochemical and immunological indicators. Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of postoperative patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The values ;were obtained from the indicators of the type anthropometric (average arm and calf circumference), biochemical (albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine) and immunological (total lymphocyte count) of 98 patients admitted to the unit. The nutritional status was evaluated by independent variables. Results: Patients with 1-7 days of stay predominated (71.4 percent), mechanical ventilation was used in 33.6 percent, 19.3 percent of patients died, and the group of intra-abdominal conditions predominated (38.8 percent). Lymphopenia (68.3 percent) and hypoalbuminemia (62.2 percent) were more significant, followed by average arm circumference (AAC) in the malnutrition range (47.9 percent). There was no association of nutritional variables with the stay, nor the need for mechanical ventilation. All the variables were associated with the state at the time of discharge. Conclusions: A stay of about one week predominated, one third of the sample required ventilatory support, and mortality was low. Among all the nutritional variables studied, no association was found with the stay or the use of mechanical ventilation, but instead with the state at discharge(AU)

Effect of Dodder Total Flavone on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Models / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Method: Except the blank group, the remaining rats were injected with DHEA 0.06 mg·g-1 in the morning on the nucha and 1.5 U HCG in the afternoon for 21 consecutive days. On the 16th day after the modeling, the vaginal smear was performed to monitor the estrus cycle. Sixty rats with successful modeling were selected and divided into model group, dacin-35 group, and high, middle and low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups, with 10 rats in each group. On the day of grouping, drugs were given respectively to the drug treatment groups, and the blank group and the model group were given equal volume solvent. The drugs were given continuously for 21 days. Blood was collected from abdominal aorta 2 h later after the final administration, serum levels of testosterone (T), estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) were measured; rats were put to death, and the ovaries at the same part of each rat were fixed in 10% formalin solution. htoxylin eosin (HE) staining was performed, and the morphological changes in the ovaries were observed by light microscopy; the same part of the ovary was taken, and androgen receptor (AR), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax) were measured in the ovary by immunohistochemistry to observe the expressions of relevant proteins in the ovary; the hypothalamus and pituitary were taken, and the expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypothalamus and gonadorelin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in pituitary were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result: PCOS rat model was successfully replicated. Serum levels of T, E2 and LH were significantly reduced, and FSH level of PCOS was significantly increased in each drug treatment group (PPPPPPConclusion: The PCOS rat model was successfully replicated. Total flavonoids of dodder may play a protective role in PCOS model rats by regulating the secretion of androgen, inhibiting the expression of ovarian apoptotic protein and impacting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis pathway.

Effect of processed Polygonum multiflorum on mRNA expression level of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of processed Polygonum multiflorum on mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver. SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, processed P. multiflorum high dose and low dose groups (5.40 g•kg⁻¹ and 1.08 g•kg⁻¹). The rats in administration groups were continuously given with processed P. mutiflorum for 7 days by ig administration, and the rats in normal control group were given with the same volume of distilled water. After successive administration of 7 days, the serum biochemical indications were detected, and Real-time quantitative PCR technology was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver. Experimental results showed that AST was decreased significantly in both low and high dose groups. ALT was significantly decreased in low dose group and significantly increased in high dose group. The mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver were decreased in high dose and low dose groups in a dose-dependent manner. Especially the high dose processed P. multiflorum could significantly inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels in rats. The study showed that high dose P. multiflorum water extract had hepatotoxicity, and the degree of liver damage was increased with the increase of dose. It shall be noted that 5.40 g•kg⁻¹ water extract of P. multiflorum could significantly inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels in the liver of rats.

Analysis on the effects of group medical visits on high-risk elder people suffering senile osteoporosis / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of group medical visits on high-risk elder people suffering senile osteoporosis.Methods A total of 86 high-risk elder people aged over 65, suffering senile osteoporosis and with the OSTA index below-4 were randomly selected, and were separated into an intervention group and a control group, with 43 patients belonging to each group.The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) was used to measure the left femoral neck bone mineral density (LFN BMD), and relevant biochemical indexes thereof and biochemical indicators of bone metabolism thereof were measured at the same time.The osteoporotic knowledge test(OKT) and the osteoporotic self-efficiency scheme(OSES) were used to make relevant evaluations.Group interventions included the following four items: health edutaion and individual technical guidance, state of illness monitoring, group activities and prescription of medicines.At one year after the intervention, the above-mentioned items were to be evaluated again for the two groups.Results After the intervention, the blood calcium(Ca2+), phosphorus(P3+) and LFN BMD of the two groups had no statistical difference(P>0.05);the OKT and OSES scores as well as the level of 25(OH)VitD3 of the intervention group were all higher than those of the control group as well as those of the intervention group before the intervention(P<0.05).After intervention, the PTH, PINP and β-CTX levels of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group as well as those of the intervention group before the intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The group medical visit is an effective community-based management intervention mode suitable for high-risk patients suffering osteoporosis.

Analysis on clinical characteristics of bone mineral density and relevant influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) in the patients with maintenance hemodi‐alysis(M HD) and relevant influencing factors to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis of osteoporosis .Methods Seventy‐two pa‐tients undergoing MHD and 76 healthy individuals(control group) were selected .The BMD values of lumbar spine and hip were measured in all subjects by using the dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry(DEXA) .The abnormal situation of BMD and the change of serum bone metabolism indicators in the patients with M HD were analyzed .Then the related factors affecting BMD were further ex‐plored .Results Compared with healthy controls ,the average BMD of lumbar and hip joints in M HD patients was significantly de‐creased ,which in elderly women was most remarkable ,and the incidence of osteoporosis was also significantly increased (P<0 .05) . Meanwhile ,the serum detection results showed that the levels of AKP ,iPTH ,P ,osteocalcin(OC) ,procollagen 1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP) and β‐crosslaps (β‐CTX) in the NHD patients were significantly increased ;however the levels of Vit D and Ca were markedly decreased .The correlation analysis results showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI and blood Ca ,while neg‐atively correlated with age ,dialysis age ,serum AKP and OC levels .Conclusion M HD patients are easily to appear the osteoporosis phenomenon ,in which the gender ,age ,dialysis age ,BMI ,serum AKP ,Ca and OC are the factors affecting BMD .

Influence of different preservation conditions and times on the measurement of blood biochemical indicators in Beagle dogs / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective Beagle dogs are commonly used animal for drug safety evaluation .As the necessary parameters , blood biochemical indicators are detected in acute or chronic toxicity tests .This study aims at assessing the influence of different preservation conditions and different preservation time on blood biochemical indicators to ensure the reliability of test results of long-term toxicity assessment .Methods Six Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) were used in this study .After collection and preparation of serum samples , biochemical indicators were detected after preservation in refrigerator at 2-8℃for 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12 hours;after preservation in ice transportation boxes at 2-10℃for 2, 5, and 8 hours;and after preservation in refrigerator at -20℃ for 1, 3, and 5 days.The biochemical indicators included alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) , total protein ( TP ) , albumin (propagated), urea, creatinine (CREA), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatine kinase ( CK ) , gamma pancreatic acyl transferase ( GGT ) , calcium ( CA ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , phosphorus ( P) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , triglyceride ( TG) , sodium ( Na+) , potassium ( K+) and chloride ( Cl -) .Results Compared with the results of samples preserved for 1 hour, the LDL-C result of that preserved in refrigerator at -20℃for 5 days was significantly increased (P0.05 ) , and the coefficient of variation of LDH was 41%.Conclusions According to the test results of blood biochemical indicators in the Beagle dogs detected after different preservation conditions and different preservation time in this study , detection test should be done within 1 hour, if not, detection should be done within 12 hours for the samples preserved at 2~8℃, or within 3 days for the sample preserved at -20℃.For transportation of serum samples , the serum samples should be placed in the ice box at 2~10℃, and detection test should be done within 8 hours .

Biochemical Indicators of Anaphylactic Shock and the Application in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Fatal anaphylactic shock is common in forensic practice. However, it is difficult to diagnose for lacking specific pathological and morphologic changes in forensic autopsy. The application of some biochemical indicators is of great significance. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of some biochemical indicators and detection methods. The forensic application, problems and prospects of these indicators are also introduced in details. The stable biochemical indicators, IgE, tryptase and chymase, show great potential and advantages in the identification of fatal anaphylactic shock in forensic medicine.

Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum / Avaliação metabólica de vacas leiteiras submetidas a três estratégias para diminuir os efeitos do balanço energético negativo no pós-parto inicial

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24 percent during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

Durante o início da lactação as vacas leiteiras sofrem transtornos metabólicos causados pelo balanço energético negativo, o que predispõe a infiltração gordurosa hepática e cetose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o status metabólico de vacas leiteiras de alta produção submetidas a três tratamentos para prevenir severa lipomobilização e cetose no início da lactação. Cinquenta e quatro vacas de raça Holandesa multíparas produzindo >30 L/dia foram divididas em quatro grupos: controle (CN= sem tratamento), precursor de glicose (PG= propileno-glicol), protetor hepático (Mp= Mercepton®) e suplementação com sais de ácidos linolênico e linoléico (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 do pós-parto. A condição corporal foi avaliada nos mesmos períodos e a produção de leite foi registrada nas semanas 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 de lactação. As concentrações de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), albumina, AST, ß-hidroxibutirato (BHB), colesterol, glicose, proteína total, uréia e triglicerídeos foram determinadas nas amostras de sangue. Pontos de corte para diagnosticar cetose subclínica foram definidos quando BHB >1,4mmol/L e AGNE >0,7mmol/L. A ocorrência geral de cetose subclínica foi de 24 por cento durante o período. Uma curva ascendente de colesterol e de glicose foi observada desde a 1ª até a 8ª semana de lactação, enquanto que nenhuma tendência foi observada com BHB e AGNE, embora diferenças entre os tratamentos foram detectadas (p<0,05). A condição corporal diminuiu de uma media de 3,85 na 1ª semana até 2,53 na 8ª semana de lactação (p=0,001). A produção de leite foi superior no grupo de Mg-E comparado com os demais tratamentos. Comparado com o grupo CN, os tratamentos de Mp e PG não mostraram diferenças significativas na bioquímica sanguínea nem na produção de leite (p<0,05) As vacas que receberam PG e Mg-E mostraram maiores valores de AGNE, indicando uma acentuada lipomobilização. A suplementação com Mg-E também resultou em maiores concentrações de colesterol, BHB, uréia, AST e menores valores de glicemia. Este resultado pode ser explicado pela maior produção de leite observada com este tratamento. Os tratamentos com PG e Mp não melhoraram a produção de leite, comparados ao grupo CN, mas também não mostraram evidências metabólicas de cetose, alta lipomobilização nem infiltração gordurosa hepática. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com Mg-E melhora a produção de leite, mas induz um balance energético negativo maior levando a moderada lipomobilização e produção de corpos cetônicos, aumentando o risco de fígado gorduroso.

The effects of low doses arsenic on serum enzymes and biochemical indicators in rabbits / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the sub-chronic effects of low doses of arsenic poisoning in rabbits exposed to different periods on some of the serum enzymes and biochemical indicators, and to provide the basis for screening of meaningful hematologic indicators for early diagnosis of arsenic poisoning. Methods Twelve adult rabbits,weighing 2.0 - 3.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups, 3 in each group, and they were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite 0(control),0.01,0.05,0.25 mg/L, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transacylase (y-GT), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLP), and ALB/GLP of rabbit were measured by SYSMEX-180 automated biochemistry analyzer after 8 weeks and 12 weeks exposure. Results The results showed that ALT in 0.05 mg/Lgroup of 12 week[(60.00 ± 4.14)U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(41.50 ± 2.12)U/L, P ＜0.05];AST in 0.25 mg/L group of 8 week and 12 week[(46.50 ± 3.21 ), (52.33 ± 3.81 )U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(21.33 ± 3.53), (29.50 ± 3.23 )U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];ALP in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L group of 12 week [(78.68 ± 4.85 ), ( 103.00 ± 7.83 ) U / L]increased significantly compared with the control [(45.50 ± 5.50)U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];γ-GT in 0.05 mg/L group of 12 week[(19.33 ± 7.50)U/L]increased significantly compared with the contro1[(8.50 ± 3.53)U/L, P＜ 0.05]. TP, ALB, GLP, ALB/GLP of different groups of 8 week and 12 week were not significantly different statistically(F= 0.77,0.02,0.16,3.14 and 0.51,0.29,0.41,0.52, all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Zero point zero five mg/L and higher doses of sub-chronic arsenic exposure has some major damage to the liver. Compared with other serum enzymes and the biochemical indexes, serum AST is a early sensitive indicator of liver injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Marcadores bioquímicos do estado nutricional X incidência de úlcera de pressão em pacientes assistidos pela equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional / Biochemical markers of nutritional status X incidence of pressure ulcers in patients attended by the multidisciplinary team of nutritional therapy / Los marcadores bioquímicos del estado nutricional de incidencia X de úlceras por presión en pacientes atendidos por el equipo multidisciplinario de la terapia nutricional

Introdução: A incidência e prevalência de úlceras de pressão(UP) em pacientes hospitalizados têm uma grande amplitude de variação, provavelmente como consequência dos métodos de avaliação e definição da UP e o impacto econômico do tratamento de uma UP é reconhecidamente alto para despertar a necessidade de estabelecimento de medidas preventivas. Vários estudos sugerem haver uma forte correlação entre alterações do estado nutricional e o risco do desenvolvimento de UP. objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a correlação entre os níveis séricos de hematócrito, hemoglobina e albumina e a incidência de úlcera de pressão. Método: Foram acompanhados 166 pacientes em terapia nutricional durante 4 meses. Resultados: A incidência de UP nesta população foi de 38% (global). Nos indivíduos com idade superior a 60 anos, a ocorrência de UP foi de 43,9% enquanto que 13 pacientes (26%) com idade inferior a 60 anos apresentaram UP. Os indivíduos que apresentaram níveis séricos de albumina menor que 3,5mg/dl apresentaram mais UP (41,8%) do que aqueles com níveis maiores dessa proteína (16%). O mesmo aconteceu com os indivíduos que apresentaram níveis de hematócrito e hemoglobina abaixo dos valores normais. Conclusão: Os indicadores bioquímicos do estado nutricional podem ser importantes fatores de risco na gênese da úlcera de pressão. É importante reforçar que tais elementos estão envolvidos diretamente no processo inflamatório, sendo esta uma limitação para uso destes elementos como único método de avaliação do estado nutricional.

Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in hospitalized patients have a wide range of variation, probably as a result of evaluation methods and definition of UP and economical treatment of a high-PU is known to awaken the need for establishment of preventive measures. Several studies suggest a strong correlation between changes in nutritional status and risk of developing PU. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and albumin and the incidence of pressure ulcers. Method: A total of 166 patients in nutritional therapy for four months. Results: The incidence of PU in this population was 38% (global). In individuals older than 60 years, the occurrence of PU was 43.9%, while 13 patients (26%) aged below 60 years showed UP. Individuals who had serum albumin less than 3.5 mg / dl had more UP (41.8%) than those with higher levels of this protein (16%). The same happened to individuals who had higher levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin levels below normal. Conclusion: Biochemical indicators of nutritional status may be important risk factors in the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers. It is important to emphasize that these elements are directly involved in the inflammatory process, which is a limitation to use these elements as the sole method of assessing nutritional status.

Introducción: La incidencia y prevalencia de las úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes hospitalizados con una amplia gama de variación, probablemente como resultado de métodos de evaluación y definición de la UP y el tratamiento económico de un alta de PU se conoce a despertar la necesidad de establecimiento de medidas preventivas. Varios estudios sugieren una fuerte correlación entre los cambios en el estado nutricional y el riesgo de desarrollar UPP. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la correlación entre los niveles séricos de hematocrito, hemoglobina y la albúmina y la incidencia de úlceras por presión. Método: Un total de 166 pacientes en la terapia nutricional durante cuatro meses. Resultados: La incidencia de UPP en esta población fue de 38% (global). En las personas mayores de 60 años, la aparición de UPP fue de 43,9%, mientras que 13 pacientes (26%) menores de 60 años se presentó. Los individuos que habían albúmina sérica inferior a 3,5 mg / dl tenían más arriba (41,8%) que aquellos con niveles más altos de esta proteína (16%). Lo mismo sucedió con las personas que tenían mayores niveles de hematocrito y los niveles de hemoglobina inferiores a lo normal. Conclusión: los indicadores bioquímicos del estado nutricional pueden ser factores de riesgo importantes en la patogénesis de las úlceras por presión. Es importante destacar que estos elementos están directamente involucrados en el proceso inflamatorio, que es una limitación para usar estos elementos como el único método de valoración del estado nutricional.

Nutritional Status of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Dialysis patients are at risk of malnutrition not only because of losses of nutrients during peritoneal dialysis but also because of anorexia that results in inadequate nutrient intakes. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritional status of 154 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), especially focused on protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin and mineral status. The mean age of the subjects was 51.2 +/- 12.4 y with educational years of 12.3 +/- 0.4 y for male and 9.6 +/- 0.4 y for female. The mean duration of dialysis was 22.7 +/- 21.7 mo. The causes of renal failure included diabetes (32.7), chronic glomerulonephritis (15.0%), and hypertension (8.5%). The main complications associated with chronic renal failure were hypertension (86.1%), diabetes (35.4%) and liver disease (9.0%). The mean daily energy intake was 1216.8 +/- 457.3 kcal and increased to 1509.2 +/- 457.2 kcal when added with the energy from dextrose in dialysate. The latter was still much lower than estimated energy requirement but energy intake per kg of body weight (28.1 kcal/1 g) was within the range of that recommended for CAPD patients' diet therapy (25 - 30 kcal/kg). The average daily intake of protein was 49.2 +/- 25.1 g with 37.6% of the patients showing their intakes less than Estimated Average Requirement. The average protein intake per kg of weight was 0.9 g/kg, which is less than that recommended for CAPD patients (1.2 - 1.5 g/kg) with mean serum albumin level 3.2 +/- 0.5 g/dl. The proportion of the patients with dietary calcium intake less than EAR was 90.9%, but when added with supplementary calcium (phosphorus binder), most patients showed their total calcium intake between EAR and UL. Fifty percent of the patients were observed with dietary iron intake less than EAR, however most patients revealed their total iron intake with supplementation above UL. The addition of folic acid with supplementation increased mean total folic intake to 1126.0 +/- 152.4 microgram and ninety eight percent of the subjects showed their total folic acid intake above UL. The prevalence of anemia was 83.1% assessed with hemoglobin level, even with high intakes of iron with supplementation. Thirty four percent of the patients showed their fasting blood glucose was not under control (> or = 126 mg/dl) even with medication or insulin probably due to dextrose from dialysate. The mean blood lipid levels were within the reference levels of hyperlipidemia, but with 72.1% of the patients showing lower HDL-C. In conclusion, Fairly large proportion of the patients were observed with protein malnutrition with low intake of protein and serum albumin level. Few patients showed their vitamins and minerals intake less than EAR with supplementation. For iron and folic acid, their intakes were increased to above UL for large proportion of the patients. However, more than eighty percent of the patients were still anemic associated with decreased renal function. The serum blood glucose and lipid level were not under control for some patients with medication. It seems that supplementation and medications that patients are taking should be considered for dietary consulting of CAPD patients.

Influence of White Prepared Lateral Root of Aconite on Blood Biochemical Indicators in Normal and Kidney Yang Deficient Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the differences of blood biochemical indicators between normal and kidney Yang deficient rats administered orally different doses of white prepared lateral root of aconite.Method Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats were divided randomly into normal group and kidney Yang deficient model group,forty rats in each group.After producing kidney Yang deficient model by injecting hydrocortisoni natrii succinas in intramuscular,normal and model rats were respectively and randomly divided into little,low,medium,great dose group and blank group,eight rats in each group.Those rats were administered orally with different concentrations of white prepared lateral root of aconite every day for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration,the blood were obtained and used for testing adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),glucose(GLU),cholesterol(CHO),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),urea nitrogen(BUN).Results Before taking medicine,model rats' cAMP/cGMP and ACTH were lower than normal rats',and they showed a trend of rise with adding dose.Before taking medicine,model rats' GLU was lower than normal rats'.With adding dose,model rats' GLU increased,however,normal rats' GLU reduced.When taken medium dose white prepared lateral root of aconite,model rats' CHO was higher than normal rats'.Taking medicine made both groups ALT rise,but normal rats' went up more quickly than model rats'.Model rats' BUN was higher than normal rats',and taking low dose or little dose medicine could lead to incline of reduction.Conclusion White prepared lateral root of aconite caused different blood biochemical effects on normal and kidney Yang deficient rats,and more remarkable toxicity effect on normal rats.

A Study on the Nutrient Intake, Health Risk Factors, Blood Health Status in Elderly Korean Women Living Alone / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake, the health status as determined self-assessment checklist, biochemical indicators of elderly Korean women. We interviewed and 55 female subjects living alone in the Urban aged over 65 years. Information on their dietary intake was collected by 24-hour Recall method. Their health status was determined by a NSI checklist. Biochemical indicators were performed in whole blood and plasma of subjects. Except for protein, Fe, all of the elderly subjects belonged to over moderate nutritional risk. The average daily nutrient intake of the elderly was below the level of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Koreans. A relationship between their health risk score and nutrient intake was observed negatively (not significantly). They had a risk of anemia as hemoglobin and hematocrit of subjects were under the normal value. Therefore, the reason that health risk score and health status badly was thought for lower nutrient intake.

STUDY ON ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE REGULATION IN UYGUR / 营养学报

40 years old in 6 Uygur communities of Urumqi. The multi-phasic stratified cluster sampling method was adopted. Finally 191 men with high risk were selected as samples in the study and classified into two groups according to oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)results, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Results The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IGR was 17.39% and 7.56% respecfively in the Uygur nationality. Waist-hip ratio, abdominal and waist circumference,the level of HbA1c and serum insulin of male diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of male IGR potieuts. But another four indicators of blood lipid and three indicators of renal function were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion The indicators releted to abdominal obesity may be sensitive to diabetes and valuable to screen diabetic patients for giving effective health education and behavioral intervention in high risk population.

Anthropometric and Biochemical Indicators and Related Factors for the Community Dwelling Elderly Living Alone / 대한지역사회영양학회지

In this study, anthropometric and biochemical indicators and related factors for community dwelling elderly living alone (ELA). as well as for elderly not living alone (ENLA) were explored. The subjects were 140 elderly females (70 living alone, 70 not living alone) residing in Bucheon. Anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the two groups (ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and body fat percentage. The ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices, except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for the ELA, whereas the total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for the ELA were significantly higher. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (240 mg%) was 30%. The latter three are not in accordance with general malnutrition among the ELA. The hemoglobin of the ELA was positively correlated with energy, fat, iron and cholesterol intake, but negatively correlated with height. The serum cholesterol of the ELA was positively associated with most of their nutrient intake.