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Background: Early-onset atherosclerosis is a marker of future cardiovascular diseases. However, indicators of early dyslipidemia for primary prevention are generally lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at describing the cord blood lipid profile among apparently healthy newborns in a tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria, and its relationship with gestational age and birth weight.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 167 consecutively recruited apparently well newborns in a tertiary hospital whose cord blood lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL C)) were assessed using an autoanalyzer (BiOLis 24i). Lipid variables were presented with descriptive statistics whereas their relationship with gestational age and birth weight was highlighted using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Dunnett's T3 Post Hoc analysis was used for pairwise comparisons.Results: The 167 newborns recruited included 15 (9%) moderate preterm, 46 (27.5%) late preterm and 106 (63.5%) term babies of which 79 (47.3%) were males and 88 (52.7%) were females. The number of recruited SGA, AGA and LGA were respectively 13 (7.8%), 142 (85%), 12 (7.2%). Mode of delivery was majorly vaginal delivery (69.5%) while the rest (30.5%) was by caesarean section. The median values (in mg/dL) of TC, TG, HDL C, LDL C and VLDL C were 60.0, 30.5, 29.0, 25.8 and 6.1 respectively, all within the normal international ranges. Triglycerides and VLDL-C had a moderate positive correlation with gestational age (rs = 0.4;p < 0.001) and were significantly higher in small-for-gestational-age newborns. Total cholesterol, HDL C, and LDL-C had a weak negative correlation with gestational age and birth weight (spearman rsË-0.3). Birth weight, gestational age, and paternal age were the common predictors of lipid profile variability.Conclusion: The finding of a significant relationship between lipid variables with gestational age and birth weight underscores the need to clinically interpret these given the relationship. The relationship with paternal age is another interesting finding which needs to be replicated and the mechanism(s) elucidated.
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Birth Weight , Fetal Blood , Gestational Age , AtherosclerosisABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity with dyslipidemia as an important contributing risk factor. Objective of the study was to determine whether there is an association between maternal lipid profile and the cord blood lipid profile of their newborns.Methods: This was a hospital-based Cross-sectional study on 60 mothers and their respective newborns (30 term and 30 preterm) conducted in Yenepoya medical college hospital from August to November 2019. Umbilical cord blood samples from the newborns were collected after birth and the mother's venous blood was collected in the fasting state (8hrs of fasting) before delivery. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL were determined in mothers and their newborns by an enzymatic colorimetric method. Data obtained was analyzed by the SSPS software 23.0 version and Pearson's correlation was done.Results: There was a significant correlation between the mean concentration of maternal Triglycerides and the Triglycerides and HDL levels of neonates (p-value <0.05).Conclusions: There was a significant association of cord blood and maternal lipid profile, hence changes in maternal lipid levels might influence the lipid levels in the cord blood of newborns.
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Aim: Eggs have sometimes been regarded as unhealthy foods due to their relatively high cholesterol content. The aim of this study is to determine contribution of eggs and other cholesterol containing food to total dietary cholesterol and their influence on serum lipid profile of adults. Study Design: Cross sectional and experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar. February to July 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey to determine consumption pattern was carried out on 400 respondents using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24 hour dietary recall. The respondents were further grouped into four based on their reported weekly egg consumption. A detailed follow-up study was conducted on 50 participants selected from across the 4 groups, using a 3-day repeated 24 hour dietary recall to determine their consumption of egg and other cholesterol-containing foods. Serum blood lipid profile of these 50 participants was also determined using Randox cholesterol test kits. Food composition tables were used to calculate dietary cholesterol intake (DCI). The mean DCI of the 4 groups were cross-tabulated with mean serum cholesterol levels. Percentage contribution of eggs and other frequently consumed cholesterol-containing foods (such as milk and fish) to total DCI was calculated. Statistical significance was accepted at p = .05. Results: For the follow-up participants, it was observed that results of correlations between DCI and the lipid profile parameters showed negative correlation (at p = .01) in both males and females, except slight positive correlations between cholesterol intake and HDL-c (r=0.191) among the males, and cholesterol with TC (r=0.265) among the females. Apart from this, no association was observed between DCI and the lipid profile parameters. Furthermore, the > 5eggs/week group had the lowest TC and LDL-c (4.23±0.19 mmol/L and 2.38±0.10 mmol/L). Based on the respondents’ consumption patterns, eggs (boiled and fried) contributed the highest- 34.8% to total DCI, followed by milk (15.9%); salad cream contributed lowest (0.3%) to total DCI. Conclusion: Increased DCI from cholesterol-containing foods (such as eggs), did not cause an adverse increase in serum cholesterol levels of normocholesterolemic people.
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RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los niveles séricos del colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta densidad y colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras. Se recolectó sangre después de ayuno de 30 pollos de engorde de la línea Cobb 500 de 35 días de edad y de 40 gallinas ponedoras de la línea Hy-Line W-36 de 26 semanas. Se midieron los niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol total mediante métodos enzimáticos colorimétricos, mientras que para determinar el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta y de baja densidad se usó el método directo [detergente + N,Nbis(4-sulfobutil)-m-toluidina]. Los datos se analizaron medieante ANOVA simple usando el paquete estadístico Statgraphics® Plus 5.1. Se presentaron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) entre los pollos de engorde y las gallinas ponedoras en los niveles séricos de los triglicéridos (21.4 vs. 759.6 mg/dL, respectivamente) y en los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta densidad (93.1 vs. 64.6 mg/dL, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P > 0,05) para el colesterol total (125.1 and 137.0 mg/dL, respectivamente) ni para los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad (52.2 and 48.2 mg/dL, respectivamente). Los resultados del presente estudio muestran que aunque hubo diferencias de sexo, edad, madurez sexual y sistemas de producción, no se encontraron diferencias en los niveles séricos de colesterol total o en los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras. La diferencia en la concentración de triglicéridos, es debida al transporte de lípidos hacia el ovario en las gallinas ponedoras.
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to compare total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels between broiler chickens and laying hens. Whole blood was collected after fasting from 30, 35-day-old broiler chickens (Cobb 500 line) and 40, 26-week-old laying hens (Hy-Line line W-36). The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, while a direct method [detergent + N,N-Bis(4- sulfobutyl)-m-toluidine] was used to determine the low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data were analyzed by simple ANOVA using the statistics package Statgraphics® Plus 5.1. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between broiler chickens and laying hens in serum triglycerides (21.4 vs. 759.6 mg/dL, respectively) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (93.1 vs.64.6 mg/dL, respectively). No significant differences were found for total cholesterol (125.1 and 137.0 mg/dL, respectively) or low-density liprotein cholesterol levels (52.2 and 48.2 mg/dL, respectively). The results of the present study show that even though there are differences in gender, age, sexual maturity and production systems, there are no differences in serum total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between broiler chickens and laying hens. The 35-fold difference in serum triglycerides is related to the transport of lipids to the ovary in a laying hen.
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This study was designed to compare the blood lipid profile and conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic stable angina (CSA). A total of 110 patients, 55 of which were of ACS and 55 with chronic stable angina (CSA) who underwent coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiology, BSMMU, Dhaka were enrolled for the study. Lipid profile and age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking habit, family history of premature coronary artery diseases (CAD) of the patients were recorded and compared. Mean±SD age of the studied patients was 52.2±10 years. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p<0.05) and hypertension (p <0.05) was significantly higher in patients with CSA than that with ACS. Frequency of hyperlipidemia, smoking habit and family history of CAD was similar between groups. Patients with CSA had significantly higher triple vessel diseases (TVD) (p < 0.001) and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) (p < 0.05) compared to that of patients with ACS. ACS patients had significantly higher single vessel diseases (SVD) (p <0.001) compared to that of CSA but the distribution of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), total cholesterol and triglycerides were variable between groups. This study showed that CSA patients had substantially higher frequency of having some CVD risk factors with alteration in certain lipid profile parameters and higher number of triple vessels disease than patients with ACS. This might aid in selecting appropriate criteria for angiographic evaluation and better management of patients with coronary artery diseases.
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Unlike studies of Europeans and Americans, many epidemiological studies of the Korean population have indicated that their risk for cardiovascular disease does not decrease with a vegetable-rich diet. The different dietary practices of Koreans, who consume salted vegetables instead of fresh vegetables (common in the Western diet), has been suggested as a reason for this observation. Korea is in a period of rapid epidemiologic transition, which includes dietary and disease patterns; therefore, this study investigated differences in the food consumption pattern and blood lipid profiles of Koreans compared to Europeans and Americans. The identification of dietary patterns related to blood lipid abnormalities was carried out using the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 14,056 subjects. Dietary patterns were analyzed according to food group and nutrient intake. Blood lipid abnormalities were classified into three groups: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterolemia (hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia was 12.4%, 16.2%, and 27.7% respectively. In our analysis, the low consumption of all food groups was related to hypercholesterolemia. The high consumption of vegetable-containing foods, alcoholic beverages, and the low consumption of milk products were associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Thus, unlike Europeans and Americans, the low consumption of all food groups is related to hypercholesterolemia and a low consumption of milk products is related to hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Dietary pattern might play a role in epidemiologic transition of Korean. Also, this study implies necessity of further research using longitudinal data.
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Adult , Humans , Alcoholic Beverages , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diet , Epidemiologic Studies , Hypercholesterolemia , Hypertriglyceridemia , Korea , Milk , Nutrition Surveys , Prevalence , VegetablesABSTRACT
Introduction: In experiencing epidemiologic transition, Indonesia faces emerging nutrition problems. Methods: Among the dietary lifestyle changes over the years is the rising consumption of fats and oils, including trans fatty acids. Intake of these fatty acids from ruminant meats, hydrogenated vegetable oils and fried foods is known to have detrimental effects on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of trans fatty acid intake on blood lipid profile. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 388 workers at an on-shore oil company in East Kalimantan. Results: The mean intake of trans fatty acid was 0.48% of the total dietary calories. Fried foods contributed most to the total trans fatty acid consumed at 0.20% of the total calories. Trans fatty acid intake from ruminant products, and margarine/ hydrogenated vegetable oil products were 0.09% and 0.06% of calories, respectively. The high consumption of fried foods is associated with risks of hypertriglyceridemia (RR: 1.41, 95%CI 1.06; 1.86), high ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL-C (RR: 1.98, 95%CI 1.00; 3.98) and dyslipidemia (RR: 1.35, 95%CI 1.00;1.84). Every additional one percent of saturated fatty acid intake is associated with an increase in trans fatty acids amounting to 0.03% of total calories (r = 0.320, p = 0.000). Conclusion: These results suggest that a reduction in consumption of fried foods will be of benefit as it will reduce intake of both saturated and trans fatty acids. Further studies are recommended to determine the intake of trans fatty acids and their health effects on other population groups in Indonesia.
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Objective To study the relationship between lacto-vegetarian diet and blood lipid profile. Methods Totally 268 healthy omnivores and 388 healthy lacto-vegetarians were enrolled. The general information, smoking and drinking history, life style, and blood pressure of subjects were obtained from medical examination. Serum lipids, including total cholesterol ( TC), triglyceride ( TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , apo-lipoprotein A I (ApoA I ) , and apo-lipoprotein B (ApoB) , liver function, and renal function were assayed. Results Lacto-vegetarians had statistical significant lower levels of TC [ (4. 15±0. 70 vs 4.90±0.92) mmol/L,P<0.01 ], HDL-C[ (1.17±0.25 vs 1.29±0.23) mmol/L,P<0.01 ], LDL-C[ (2.43±0. 63 vs 3.04±0.82)mmol/L,P<0.01], Apo-A I [(1.06±0. 11 vs 1. 22±0.14)g/L,P<0. 01 ] and Apo-B[(0.71± 0.17 vs 0. 84±0. 20)g/L,P<0. 01 ], and also lower TC/HDL-C than omnivores. The Apo-A I/Apo-B ratio between two groups showed no difference statistically. Conclusions Chinese lacto-vegetarian diet consumed by healthy monks seems to be significantly associated with better lipid profiles.
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Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as beta-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7 g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.