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Objective @#To investigate the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving occupational protective measures among medical workers.@*Methods@#The registration and follow-up data of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers from 2010 to 2022 were collected from the blood-borne occupational exposure monitoring system in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City. The population distribution, occurrence, protection and disposal of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#A total of 1 230 cases were reported with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, with the highest incidence in 2021 (4.67%) and the lowest incidence in 2010 (0.99%). The incidence of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens appeared a tendency forwards a rise from 2010 to 2022 (P<0.05). Of all cases with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, there were 934 women (75.93%), 656 nurses (53.33%), and 514 cases with working experiences of one year and shorter (41.79%). Hand was the predominant site of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (92.03%) and ward was the predominant place of exposure (35.37%), while scalp needle was the predominant mode of exposure (32.68%), and removal of needle was the predominant procedure of exposure (32.36%). A total of 1 106 cases were tested for the blood-borne pathogens in the exposure sources, and 448 cases were tested positive for blood-borne pathogens, with a detection rate of 40.51%. Hepatitis B virus, treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus were the three most common blood-borne pathogens, and there were 739 cases (60.08%) with personal protective equipment during exposure. Following the follow-up surveillance for more than 6 months post-exposure, no infections occurred. @*Conclusions@#Junior nurses and hand exposure were predominant among medical workers with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, and hepatitis B virus was the predominant blood-borne pathogen. No post-exposure infections occurred.
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【Objective】 To understand the occupational exposure of blood center staff during blood collection and supply, analyze the influencing factors, explore preventive measures and improve the self-protection awareness of staff, so as to further improve the prevention of such occupational exposure in blood centers. 【Methods】 Seventy-two occupational exposure cases, which occurred and registered in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from January 2010 to December 2021, were reviewed by retrospective survery methods, and such cases were classified and analyzed statistically. The incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure was compared by genders, departments, occurrence locations, education level, occupation type, work link, causes of exposure and body parts, so as to analyze the influencing factors, and then propose corresponding prevention strategies. 【Results】 From 2010 to 2021, a total of 72 blood-borne occupational exposure cases occurred. When classified by gender, the exposure rate of women was more than twice that of men; by age, the exposure rate of 18~25 years old was the highest, reaching 7.84%, but 26~40 years old group contributed the most cases, accounting for 70.83% (51/72); by working years, the exposure rate of staff with working years less than 3 years was relatively high, but the staff with 4~10 working years contributed the most cases, accounting for 54.17% (39/72); by the education level, the the exposure rate of stall with bachelor degree and below was the highest(90.28%, 65/72); by the professional title level, the exposure rate of staff with primary and intermediate professional titles was relatively high (94.44% , 68/72); by departments, the exposure rate of Blood Donation Service was the highest (81.94%, 59/72), which was twice or even three times than that of other departments; by occupational type, nurses had the highest exposure rate, accounting for 87.5% (63/72); by body parts, hands were the most vulnerable body parts to occupational exposure; by location, the exposure rate on mobile vehicles is four times than that in indoor places; by the number of exposure times, the incidence of one exposure cases accounted for 72.22%(52/72)while multiple exposure was rare by work link, the exposure rate of the sampling link was significantly higher than that of the other links. 【Conclusion】 Blood-borne occupational exposure of staff in blood centers is closely related to gender, age, working years, professional title level, department, occupational type, occurrence place, and body part, and has nothing to do with the education level. More attention should be paid to middle-aged female nurses on the front line of blood donation service, staff with primary or intermediate titles and undergraduate degrees. Otherwise, training and protection should be enhanced, operation methods be standardized, the blood collection environment be improved, and the management, automation and intelligent level of blood collection be promoted.
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Objective@#To understand the status of blood-borne occupational exposure and protection among health care workers (HCWs) in dental practice, and provide evidence for making effective prevention.@*Methods@#From April 1 to 15, 2019, a stratified random sampling method was conducted to investigate the data of blood-borne occupational exposure among 221 dental HCWs in 2018, and Chi-squared Test was used to evaluate the differences of status on occupational exposure and protection among different professionals, such as nurses, doctors and trainees, and among different-grade hospitals.@*Results@#A total of 166 HCWs were exposed to occupational exposure 269 times, with the annual incidence of 75.11% (166/221) , and 37.55% (101/269) of exposures were reported. However, all source patients of exposures had failed to be traced. 89.59% (241/269) of exposures were sharp injuries. The top three instruments caused injuries were syringe/bilan needles, suture needles and vehicle needles, accounting for 35.68% (86/241) 、16.60% (40/241) and 16.18% (39/241) , respectively; and the top three exposure operations were removal/disposal of needles or instruments, suture/assisting suture and injection of anesthetic, accounting for 37.17% (100/269) 、22.30% (60/269) and 17.84% (48/269) , respectively. There were statistically significant differences among different professionals in occupational exposure frequency, reporting rate, the types of instruments caused injuries, exposure operations and hepatitis B vaccinated time (P<0.01) . The compliance rate of standard precautions, safe operation, post-exposure reporting and prevention, and training on occupational protection were generally poor among HCWs, with significant differences in different-grade hospitals (P<0.01) .@*Conclusion@#There is a high incidence, low reporting rate and poor self-protection of blood-borne occupational exposure among dental HCWs. Strongly suggesting that standard precautions, safe use and disposal of oral instruments, active post-exposure report and prevention must be improved for everyone.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to know practice pattern of cataract surgeons when operating on patients, positive for blood-borne viral infections (BBVIs), namely, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We also studied their awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward universal precautions and guidelines. Methods: The telephonic survey enrolled practicing cataract surgeons, who were interviewed to record responses pertaining to their practice using an open-ended questionnaire. We studied statistical significance of difference of frequency of prick injuries in topical versus peribulbar anesthesia, and phacoemulsification versus manual small incision cataract surgery by employing Chi-square test. Significance of proportion was calculated using z-test. For all statistical calculations, significance level was set at 0.05%. Results: Of 623 ophthalmologists contacted, responses of 479 (79%) ophthalmologists were analyzed. Maximum participants were in private practice (48%). During whole practicing carrier, 313 (65%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 61–70) participants admitted having suffered injury with needle or sharp instruments; of these, 204 (65%; 95% CI: 60–70) participants did not report their injury. Wearing “double gloves” during cataract surgery was the most common barrier adopted by participants. Conclusion: We found high prevalence of occupational-related sharp injuries among ophthalmologists in this survey. Majority of them were aware of universal precautions, but adherence to postexposure prophylaxis was lacking.
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PURPOSE: Exposure to blood and body fluids represents a significant occupational risk for nurses. This study was done to identify the level of knowledge of and compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention of hospital nurses according to clinical experience, and to identify factors affecting compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted in which self-reported knowledge of and compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention was assessed. The relationships between variables were examined. Registered nurses who were employed (n=345) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Nurses with more than 5 years experience had greater knowledge of blood-borne pathogen prevention than nurses with less than 5 years experience. However, there was no significant difference in compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention between the two groups. No significant correlation was found between knowledge and compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention according to experience standards. In nurses with less than 5 years experience, gender, age, reported exposure to a blood-borne pathogen, and compliance with principles of prevention had a significant impact on compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention. For nurses with more than 5 years experience, reporting after exposure to blood-borne pathogen was a contributing factor to compliance with blood-borne pathogen prevention. CONCLUSION: The study results show that to improve the implementation of preventive measures against blood-borne pathogens different strategies are needed, depending on clinical experience of the nurses.
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Humans , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Body Fluids , Career Mobility , Compliance , Linear Models , NursesABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the current situation of blood-borne occupational exposure among health care workers and evaluate the intervention effect of PDCA.@*Methods@#Retrospective survey was adopted to investigate and analyze the blood-borne occupational exposure incidents in a hospital from January 2015 to December 2018, and to compare the intervention effects after PDCA management.@*Results@#A total of 82 cases of occupational exposure occurred from 2015 to 2017, and only 9 cases happened after the implementation of PDCA intervention. The exposed population was mainly consisted of nurses (59 cases, 64.83%) , and mainly with low-working age (1-5 years) (56 cases, 61.54%) , and the main source of exposure was hepatitis B (34 cases, 37.36%) . In addition, after the implementation of PDCA, the vaccination rate of personnel was 77.78%, the standardized field treatment rate was 100%, the preventive drug use rate was 88.89%; The qualified rate of occupational protection assessment was higher than that before intervention, which all shows the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#With the guide of PDCA management, Strengthen the training of new employees or ones with low working years as well as their awareness of protection, and standardize the relevant operational procedures, which can significantly improve the prevention of blood-borne occupational exposure and stress management of medical staff.
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@#Needlestick injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard against healthcare workers (HCWs) in a hospital setting with multiple implications, thus adherence to post-NSI management including follow-up protocol is crucial.This research was conducted to describe the distribution of NSI cases among HCWs working in Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH)’s hospital in Selangor and adherence to a follow-up protocol, as well as the factors related to it.This was a cross-sectional quantitative study reviewing retrospectively all notified NSI cases in January-September 2016. Data were taken from Sharps Injury Surveillance (SIS) system and analyzed into descriptive and analytical statistics.There were 143 notified NSI cases. The majority of the cases were female(76.2%), Malay(60.1%), medical doctors(56.6%) and in a medical-based department (44.8%). The median age of NSI cases was 27 years old (IQR:5) and median years of employment was 1.5 (IQR:4.5). Most cases happened in a ward setting (58.7%) involving contaminated (95.8%) hypodermic needle (43.4%), occurred mostly during the procedure of drawing blood (23.1%). Only 86.7% of NSI cases were source-known and some were tested positive with blood borne pathogens. However, no occurrence of seroconversion among the injured HCWs detected. The overall adherence rate to the follow-up protocol was 72.3%. Multiple logistic regression yielded significant association between age, gender, department, device contamination, procedure conducted and source HBV status with adherence to follow-up of post-NSI protocol. Further comprehensive studies involving more determinants such as therapy-related factors and potential interventions are needed to optimize adherence rate to the follow-up protocol post-NSI.
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Guideline Adherence , Needlestick Injuries , Health Personnel , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Blood-Borne PathogensABSTRACT
Objective To study the characteristics of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens and the cost of prevention and control,and provide evidence for policy making in medical institutions.Methods A prospective study was conducted to collect the data and follow-up data about occupational exposure of health care workers(HC-Ws)from the occupational exposure reporting system of a hospital between June 1,2016 and May 30,2017.Results There were 95 cases of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens.Occupational exposure occurred mainly in June,July,and November,peak time for occurrence was 12∶00 at noon.The main occupations of HCWs who sustained occupational exposure were nurses (41.05%),doctors (28.42%),and practice nurses (15.79%).The main departments of occupational exposure were central operating room (21.05%), emergency department (1 1.58%),and interventional radiology department (6.32%).The total cost of prevention and control for 95 times of occupational exposures were 33 235.20 Yuan,with an average of 349.84 Yuan per case.The average cost per case after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)exposure was the highest (2 787.50 Yuan);and cost of syphilis exposure was the lowest (58.88 Yuan).Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the training and education of high-risk time,high-risk population,and high-risk departments of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens,pre-vention of occupational exposure with high cost of prevention and control such as HIV should be especially paid attention.
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BACKGROUND@#The objectives of this study are to investigate the incidence and reporting behavior of sharp injuries among healthcare workers (HCWs) and identify the risk factors associated with these injuries.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February 2017 in a provincial teaching hospital in China. Data were collected from 901 HCWs using a self-administered questionnaire which included demographic information, experience, and reporting behavior of sharp injuries. Stepwise logistical regression was used to analyze the risk factors.@*RESULTS@#HCWs (248 [27.5%]) had sustained a sharp injury in the previous year. Factors including seniority, job category, title, education, department, and training programs were associated with the occurrence of sharp injuries. According to the stepwise logistical regression, seniority, and training programs were the risk factors associated with the occurrence of sharp injuries. Of 248 sharp injuries, 130 HCWs were exposed to blood. Only 44 (33.9%) HCWs reported their injuries to the concerned body. The main reasons for not reporting the sharp injuries were as follows: perception that the extent of the injury was light (30.2%), having antibodies (27.9%), and unaware of injury (16.3%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sharp injuries in the studied hospital were common and were likely to be underreported. Therefore, an effective reporting system and sufficient education on occupational safety should be implemented by the relevant institutions. Moreover, it is important to take effective measures to manage sharp injuries in HCWs and provide guidance for their prevention.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Personnel , Hospitals, Teaching , Incidence , Needlestick Injuries , Epidemiology , Psychology , Occupational Exposure , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Exposures to sharps injuries occurring in the community are relatively frequent. We describe characteristics of community sharp exposures reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of exposure reports to sharps in the community reported to a surveillance system, designed for health care workers, of the Municipal Health Department of Rio de Janeiro. The characteristics of exposed individuals analyzed included types of exposure, the circumstances of the accident, and the prophylaxis offered. Results: 582 exposures were studied. Median age was 30 years and 83 (14%) involved children with less than 10 years of age. Two hundred and seventeen (37%) occurred with sharps found in the streets. The exposure was percutaneous in 515 (89%) and needles where involved in 406 (70%) of them. The sharps were present in the trash in 227 (39%) or in the environment in 167 (29%) of the reports. Professionals who work with frequent contact with domestic or urban waste were 196 (38%). The source was known in 112 (19%) of the exposures and blood was involved in 269 (46%). Only 101 (19%) of the injured subjects reported a complete course of vaccination for hepatitis B. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was prescribed for 392 (68%) of the exposed subjects. Conclusions: Sharps injuries occurring in the community are an important health problem. A great proportion would be avoided if practices on how to dispose needles and sharps used outside health units were implemented.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Waste Products/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Needles/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introduction: Dental students are often exposed to bloodborne pathogens during dental training. Several factors are involved in increased risk of human deficiency, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HIV, HBV, and HCV) infection. However, there are few studies that address the risks and forms of prevention among dental students in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study of occupational exposure to blood or body fluids among dental students of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was performed. These students were referred to the Occupational Medicine Department of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from January 2007 to April 2015. Analyzed data included type of exposure (needlestick injury, mucosal exposure, and exposure to non-intact skin); source patient status for HBV, HIV and HCV infection, accident during dental training, procedure performed, biological material involved, type of accident, and hepatitis B vaccination and serological protection status. The objective was to know the incidence rate and others characteristics of accidents in order to prevent them. Results: There were 312 accidents during the study period of 8 years and 4 months. Incidence rate was 87,42 exposures per 1000 students year. Source patient was known in 297 of the cases (95.2%), of which 3 were HBsAg reagent, 12 were HIV reagent, and 17 were HCV reagent. The majority of accidents occurred during procedure, but nearly as high as 40% occurred after procedure, of which 63% occurred during instrument cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing. Most involved sharp instruments were anesthetic syringe needle and curette. Only 48% of dental students knew their antiHBs was > 10 mIU/mL. Conclusions: Dental students should be tested for hepatitis B immune status at the beginning of training, and vaccination should be available to all dental students before they start clinical practice. Work practice controls on sharp devices should be addressed at the beginning and strengthened during dental training. Dental training institutions should review instrumental cleaning process to minimize handling of loose contaminated instruments (AU)
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Humans , /statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Communicable Disease Control , Cross-Sectional Studies , /prevention & control , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Occupational Exposure/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupationai exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers (HCWs),and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures.Methods Record Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1,2013 and December 31,2015.Results A total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred.The main occupational exposure population were nurses (n =95,38.62％);occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards(n =148,60.16％);the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury(n =219,89.02 ％);the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident(n =69,28.05 ％);the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus(n =123,50.00 ％);none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication.Conclusion Medical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens,enhance protection awareness,standardize operation procedures,and improve working environment,so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.
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Objective:To probe into the status characteristics and the dynamic change trend of the psychological stress among medical staff at four time points after exposed to blood-borne pathogen.Methods:A longitudinal study was carried out among 78 medical personnel in this study,with 67 of hepatitis B virus,5 of hepatitis C virus,4 of HIV and 2 of treponema pallidum respectively.Perceived stress scale (PSS-4),Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5),Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were used to assess the psychological status,including perceived stress,post-traumatic stress symptom,anxiety and depression at the four times.Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) and paired sample t test to explore time effect of the psychological stress reaction in the exposed population.Results:The scores of PSS-4,PCL-5,HADS-A,and HADS-D increased from exposure,and gained highest at one month after exposed,then gradually declined with time (Ps ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the levels of perceived stress,post-traumatic stress symptom,anxiety,depression may be the highest at one month after exposed.
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Objective@#To improve the awareness of bloodborne pathogen exposure protection knowledge, reduce the contact incidence (including sharp injuries, contacting with the broken skin and mucous mem-brane contact) , and increase the self-report incidence of bloodborne pathogen exposure in the healthcare work-ers of the investigated hospital after the intervention. To summarize effective prevention and intervention mea-sures of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen.@*Methods@#The project was on the basis of previous inves-tigations in a general hospital, after comparing the personnel structure and departments distribution of 727 HC-Ws before the intervention and 614 HCWs after the intervention, we selected several departments in which the healthcare workers with a higher risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. We promoted the hospi-tal to set up occupational health prevention and control system, improved related files, supplemented by knowl-edge training, discussion and field guidance, such a comprehensive intervention in the hospital. After the inter-vention, we conducted an cross-sectional investigation, and compared the rate of protection knowledge aware-ness, self-reporting rate after exposure, occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens (including sharp inju-ries, contacting with the broken skin and mucous membrane contact) incidence before and after the intervention.@*Results@#Before and after the intervention, the total score of the investigated population of 14 knowledge points that we focused on in training showed a significant difference (P<0.05) , total contact incidence of bloodborne pathogen exposure reduced from 81.57 persons/100 persons per year to 43.81 persons/100 persons per year, the RR of bloodborne pathogen exposure in the former investigation was 1.86 times of that in the latter investigation, the self-reported incidence increased form 2.06 persons/100persons per year to 9.45 persons/100 persons per year, self-reporting rate after exposure increased form 0.47% to 9.65%.@*Conclusion@#The interventions signifi-cantly improved the awareness of bloodborne pathogen exposure protection knowledge, effectively reduced the contact incidence of bloodborne pathogen exposure, and increased the self-reported incidence in the healthcare workers of the investigated hospital.
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Objective To understand the current situation and characteristics of occupational exposure(OE)among health care workers(HCWs),and provide basis for making preventive measures.Methods Self-designed question-naire about OE was adopted,OE among all HCWs in a hospital in January-December 2015 were surveyed and statis-tically analyzed.Results A total of 1888 HCWs were surveyed,there were 304 cases of OE,the mean OE rate in the whole hospital was 16.10%;OE occurred 370 times(19.60%).Doctors,trainees,and HCWs who worked for≤1 year had relatively higher OE rates,which were 23.18%(102/440),17.88%(49/274),and 18.34%(95/518) respectively.Sharp injury is the main OE mode,accounting for 83.24%(n=308),sharp injuries mainly occurred before disposing the used devices and during the process of use,accounting for 37.99%(n=117)and 36.69%(n=113)respectively.Among 370 times of OE,315 could be traced to the sources of exposure.Among the known ex-posure sources,OE of bloodborne pathogens accounted for 24.13% (n=76).59 of 370 times of OE implemented complete local treatment and reporting procedures,reporting rate of OE was 15.95%.Conclusion Hospital should take comprehensive measures to promote occupational safety precaution,and reduce the incidence of OE.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during op-eration,and provide reference for making the prevention and control measures.Methods Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during operation in a tertiary first class hospital between June 2016 and January 2017 were surveyed,the survey included general information about health care workers(HCWs),modes of occupational expo-sure,exposure sources,types of sharp injuries,manipulation and so on.Results A total of 100 HCWs sustained occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during the operation,64(64.00%)were nurses,followed by doctors (n=30,30.00%).The main mode of exposure were sharp injuries(n=88,88.00%)and ocular mucosa exposure (n=10,10.00%).The main diseases of exposure source were hepatitis B(n=36,36.00%)and syphilis(n=11, 11.00%).The main sharp device that caused sharp injuries was transfusion system needle(n=31,35.23%),fol-lowed by syringe needle (n=24,27.27%)and suture needle(n=14,15.91%).The main manipulation resulting of sharp injury was intraoperative manipulation (n=31,35.23%).Conclusion Training about occupational exposure should be strengthened among HCWs,it is necessary to improve the record and report process of occupational expo-sure,strictly require HCWs,especially nurses in accordance with the standard operating procedure during the oper-ation process,so as to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen during operation.
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Context: HCWs all over the world carry occupational risk of getting infected with major blood borne infections through needle stick injuries (NSIs). As health care industry has been expanding, risk of nosocomial infections is increasing proportionately. Measures to prevent it and put in place a mechanism to control these injuries are needed urgently, especially in India where there is not only increase in domestic demand but impetus in health tourism. Aim: To determine HBs Ag, HBc IgM level and to assess anti-HBs level prevalence in HCWs, in a tertiary care hospital and to study the influence of factors like age and sex in the vaccinated HCWs and formulate mechanism to increase awareness to create a safe working environment in the hospitals. Settings and Design: 437 HCWs, working in Laboratories, Surgical, Medical or Dental departments in 11 Civil Hospitals and Sub-district Hospitals covering 8 circles of the State. Methods and Material: Qualitative and Quantitative estimation of HBs Ag and Anti-HBs by sandwich ELISA technique and qualitative HBc IgM level by antibody-capture, non-competitive test. Liver profile (SGPT, SGOT and Alkaline Phosphatase) by IFCC method done. Statistical Analysis Used: Tabulation and Pie Circle Result: 193 of the total 229 vaccinated HCWs tested positive for core antibody, meaning that they were infected prior to HBs Ag vaccination, leaving a total of 36 ‘truly’ vaccinated HCWs. 11 HBs Ag positive HCWs were tested for Liver Profile and all had ALAT, ASAT and ALP within normal range. Out of total number of 141 HCWs having 10 and below IU/L anti HBs, 5 HCWs were positive for HBS Ag, showing a positivity of 3.5%. Conclusion: Need of vaccination and for post-vaccination serological testing of all HCWs considering the high rates of non-responders and low responders (anti-HBs-34.2%). Importance of educating the HCWs of safety precautions while handling body fluids, and the management of ‘ sharps ‘ injuries.
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Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common occupationally acquired infections amongst the healthcare workers (HCWs) with critically ill patients attending the emergency department being the most common source of occupationally acquired infections. Therefore, the present study was conducted at a 165 bedded level-1 trauma centre of India to ascertain the seroprevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV; and thus the risk associated with the occupational exposure in a busy emergency setting of the developing world. Methodology: A retrospective, 7 years study (2007-2013) was carried out at the JPNA Trauma Centre of the 2,500 bedded All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Records of all patients whose serum samples were sent to the laboratory for viral markers testing were obtained and those falling in the red area were included. Results: A total of 11,630 patients were received in the red area; and samples from 7,650 patients were sent for testing. Seropositivity of HIV, HBV and HCV in these samples was 0.28%, 3.4% and 0.9% respectively. The number of samples received was lesser than the total number of patients received in the red area. Conclusion: Adopting Standard Precautions (SP) can be used as an easy method to decrease the risk of occupationally acquired infections.
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Objective To evaluate the correlation between occupational exposure and work intensity of health care workers(HCWs)in an infectious diseases hospital for 5 consecutive years,and provide reference for occupational precaution.Methods Occupational exposures cases reported between January 2010 and December 2014 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,occupation types,exposure routes,and exposure sources were analyzed.Results A total of 228 cases of occupational exposure were reported,nurses and doctors were the major exposure population(75.44%and 19.30% respectively);occupational exposure mainly occurred during the infusion process(52.19%);hepatitis B was the main exposure source (71 .05%),followed by human immunodeficiency virus (10.09%).The Pearson correlation coefficient between the occupational exposure rate of doctors and the ratio of doctors to patients was-0.849 (P <0.05),and for nurses,the correlation coefficient was -0.823 (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Nurses are high risk population of occupational exposures,occupational exposure is most likely to occur during transfusion process,occupational exposure of doctors and nurses has a strong correlation with the work intensity.
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Objective To investigate occupational exposure among health care workers (HCWs)in a tertiary comprehen-sive hospital,and analyze the causes and preventive measures of occupational exposure.Methods 134 cases of occupational exposure among HCWs in a hospital from January 2010 to December 2013 were analyzed.Results Of HCWs sustained oc-cupational exposure,doctors,nurses,and technicians accounted for 59.70%,19.40%,and 9.70% respectively.The main cause for occupational exposure was non-standardized management of the sharps (46.27%,n=62),followed by unex-pected operation(42.54%,n=57)and inadequate protective measures (11.19%,n=15);The main exposure mode was sharp injury(94.78%,n=127),mucosal exposure accounted for 5.22% (n= 7);42.54% of exposure sources were not clear,57.46% of exposure sources were clear,35.82%,12.69%,3.73%,and 2.24% of which were hepatitis B virus (HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),Treponema pallidum(TP),and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV);2.24%(n=3)of exposure sources were co-infection of HBV and HCV;0.74% (n = 1 )was co-infection of HIV,HBV,HCV,and TP. 95.52%of occupational exposures were treated correctly.Conclusion The high-risk population for occupational exposure are nurses,standard occupational precautions and management of the sharps can reduce the occurrence of occupational expo-sure among HCWs.