ABSTRACT
In Mongolia has described four species of Lonicera Altaica (Caprifoliaceae). Their habitats are Khubsugul, Khangai Khentei, Khobdo, Mongolian Altai, and Depression of Great Lakes, Mongol Daguur and the Gobi-Altai (Three beauty of Gobi) region of the country. The Tibetan medicine named berry Phan-ma'i bra'i bu (Lonicera Altaica) was used for vitality and energy supplier. In some medical texts, the berry was described to be used for longevity. Lonicera Altaica in Mongolian Traditional medicine is reputed for its treating liver, stomach and cardiac disorders, moreover, it is known for rejuvenation action. The Lonicera Altaica Lonicera altaica is found to be abundant among all other species. It s a black blue color berries, with bitter taste. In Lonicera Altaica Pall was determined that ash no more than 5%, moisture 5% and organic and mineral ingredient 0.5%. The quantity of flavonoid of fruits, seeds on Lonicera Altaica Pall was 5.598% by a method of spectrophotometry.
ABSTRACT
Guanine aminohydrolase (GAH; Guanine deaminase, EC 3.5.4.3) is an enzyme that has a role in purine catabolism. This enzyme produces xanthine and ammonia by hydrolysis of guanine, and xanthine is further degraded to uric acid and hydrogen peroxide by another enzyme, xanthine oxidase. Most of the enzymes involved in purine catabolism have been studied for their biological functions, physiological roles and amino acid sequences, and biochemical activity of GAH is known to be detected in various organs such as liver, kidney, small intestine and brain. Its activity is also known to be changed during brain development. In this study, we hoped to reveal expression pattern of GAH in developing rat brain by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In western blotting, GAH immunoreactivity was not detected on 14-, 16- and 18-days-old fetal rat brains. Its reactivity was first detected from 20-days-old fetal rat brain and highly increased after birth. And it was maintained at steady level from 2 weeks after birth. In immunohistochemistry, no positive cells were found on 14- and 16-days-old fetal rat brain sections. A few GAH-immunoreactive cells appeared from 18-days-old fetal rat brain and they were localized at olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, midbrain, pons and medulla. The 20-days-old fetal rat brain also showed immunoreactive cells at hippocampus and the staining intensity was still weak. Postnatal 2-days-old rat brain also showed immunoreactive cells at basal ganglia and the number of positive cells and staining intensity were increased. Thereafter, immunoreactivity appeared on many neuronal cells around various areas in the brain and nerve fibers also showed reactivity on postnatal brains. The number of positive cells decreased from 1 week after birth and a few positive cells were observed on olfactory bulb and cerebellum from 2 weeks after birth. In mature brain most of GAH were localized on nerve fibers and few positive cells could be found on olfatory bulb only. From these, we can suspect that GAH may have some functional relationship with nerve fibers.