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Chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of the fruits of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) have been investigated for the evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and free radical scavenging activity method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater cytotoxic activity (LC50 value 74.2 μg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (LC50 value 129 μg/ml) compared to the standard drug vincristine sulfate (LC50 value 0.54 μg/ml). In free radical scavenging activity method (DPPH assay method), the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.78 μg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (IC50 value 75.31 μg/ml) compared to the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 value 24.51μg/ml). This study reveals that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit possesses cytotoxic and antioxidant activity hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for different therapies.
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Dendrophthoe pentandra known as mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant with traditional claims for some medicinal properties. This research was done to determine phytochemical constituents of Dendropthoe petandra (DP) leaves extract, to evaluate toxicity of extracts by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and to confirm cytotoxicity activity of DPME against various normal cell lines. The most potent extract was then evaluated by GC-MS. DP leaves that have been extracted with petroleum ether (DPPEE), methanol (DPME) and water (DPWE) were screened for phytochemical constituents. BSLT was carried out to determine the lethality concentration that kills 50% of tested population (LC50). The cytotoxicity was assessed by Methylene Blue Assay (MBA) that evaluates the inhibition concentration for cell growth by 50% (IC50). The normal cell lines used were MDCK, L929 and Vero. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin and terpenoid in those extracts. Highest total phenolic content was found in DPME (471.63±2.02 mg GAE/g). BSLT have determined the lowest LC50 value is 2.74±1.23 ppm in DPME. No IC50 detected when MDCK, L929 and Vero cell line were treated with all extracts. Therefore, this can be concluded that DP extracts did not show any harmful effects towards MDCK, L929 and Vero cell lines although the DPME, DPPEE and DPWE are toxic towards brine shrimp. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester are among compounds present in DPME. Further studies using mammalian cancer cell lines should be conducted on DP extracts to know if they posses anticancer potential.
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Chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of the fruits of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) have been investigated for the evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and free radical scavenging activity method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater cytotoxic activity (LC50 value 74.2 μg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (LC50 value 129 μg/ml) compared to the standard drug vincristine sulfate (LC50 value 0.54 μg/ml). In free radical scavenging activity method (DPPH assay method), the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.78 μg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (IC50 value 75.31 μg/ml) compared to the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 value 24.51μg/ml). This study reveals that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit possesses cytotoxic and antioxidant activity hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for different therapies.
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Aims: To investigate cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of methanol extract and its different Kupchan partitionates of flowers of Swietenia mahagoni. Study Design: Evaluation of cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp nauplii, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities on human RBCs. Place and Duration of Study: Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, State University of Bangladesh, from April to September, 2013. Methodology: The eggs of brine shrimp nauplii were hatched in artificial sea water for 24 hours. Cytotoxic activity was determined by measuring the percentage of their mortality after application of different partitionates to them. Human RBCs were obtained from 3 healthy volunteers. Thrombolytic activity was calculated by weighing the clot before and after addition of different partitionates while membrane stabilizing activity was evaluated in terms of inhibition of percentage of haemolysis of RBCs by measuring optical density in both hypotonic and heat induced conditions. Results: The highest cytotoxic activity was achieved with the crude methanol extract (LC50 = 0.10±0.01 mg/ml) among the partitionates while vincristine sulfate, the positive control, achieved an LC50 value of 0.40±0.02 mg/ml. While investigating thrombolytic activity, the petroleum ether soluble fraction achieved the highest clot lysis activity (34.30±0.78%) compared to the standard streptokinase (70.27±1.26%). While determining the membrane stabilizing activity, in hypotonic solution induced condition, the crude methanol extract inhibited 84.71±3.25% haemolysis of RBCs whereas in heat induced condition, the aqueous soluble fraction inhibited 86.30±4.98% haemolysis of human RBCs. Here, acetyl salicylic acid (0.01mg/ml) used as reference standard showed 71.91±2.29% and 45.45±4.87% inhibition of haemolysis of human RBCs in hypotonic solution and heat induced conditions, respectively. Conclusion: From our investigation, it can be suggested that, the flower extractives can further be studied extensively to find out their efficacy.
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Aims: To study and evaluate In vitro antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activities of both methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of Citrus macroptera Montr. Fruit (Family-Rutaceae). Study Design: In vitro antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activities. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342. The study was carried out from November 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay, NO scavenging assay, total phenol, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, total tannin content, lipid peroxidation by TBA, lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte cell, reducing power capacity and cupric reducing capacity assays. Lethality bioassay was performed on Artemia salina Leach nauplii. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion technique. Results: Methanol extract showed better activity than ethyl acetate extract in DPPH, NO, lipid peroxidation by TBA, reducing power capacity assay, total phenol, total flavonoid and total antioxidant capacity assays while ethyl –acetate extract showed more potency than methanol extract in total tannin content, cupric reducing capacity and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte assays. In brine shrimp bioassay both extracts showed promising lethal activity but methanol extract was found to be more potent than ethyl acetate extract (χ2=39.874, P<0.0001). In disc diffusion technique among six bacterial species, ethyl acetate extract showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against two gram positive Bacillus sublitis and Staphylococcus aureus and one gram negative Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of C. macroptera fruit can be used as potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. That is why extensive researches are necessary to search for active principles responsible for these activities.
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Aims: The study was conducted to compare the presence of different phytochemicals and biological activities like cytotoxicity, anthelmintic activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities between aqueous and ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia L. Fruits. Methodology: The cytotoxic assay was undertaken using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) while the anthelmintic activity was carried out with the determination of time of paralysis and death of earthworm (Pheritima posthuma) at five different concentrations. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and determining the total phenolic contents. Results: Study revealed that several phytochemicals were found common for both of the extracts, though proteins and amino acids were only found in ethanolic extract. Both the extracts showed mild cytotoxic activity where the ethanolic extract showed better potency (LC50=24.245 μg/ml) than aqueous extract (LC50=24.515 μg/ml). In case of anthelmintic activity, ethanolic extract was also found significantly potent than aqueous extract at five different concentrations. IC50 values for the total antioxidant activity were 304.41±0.903 μg/ml and 479.05±1.393 μg/ml for ethanolic and aqueous extract, respectively. Ethanolic extract contained a significantly higher concentration of total phenols (71.08 ± 0.380 mg of GAE/g of extract) in comparison to aqueous extract (57.33±0.520 mg of GAE/g of extract). Conclusion: Therefore, in all aspects of the study, ethanolic extract was found more potent than aqueous extract. It can be concluded that M. charantia fruits are abundant of various phytochemicals and possess versatile biological activities.
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Crude methanolic extract and other fractions of Sterculia villosa barks were investigated for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity in this study. Antimicrobial activity of different extract was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition against gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria and fungi using Ciprofloxacin as a standard antimicrobial agent. Free radical scavenging activity for the same extracts was determined by DPPH assay where BHT was used as positive control and Cytotoxicity was determined by Brine Shrimp nauplii where the minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed by serial dilution technique. Mild antimicrobial activity was found; crude methanolic extract showed effect against all the organisms, while other extracts showed effect for some of the organisms. The LC50 value for cytotoxicity assay was found 0.3, 2.95, 3.76, 35.33 & 55.98 μg/ml for CSV, PESV, CTSV, DCMSV & EASV extracts respectively where LC50 value of Vincristine Sulfate was 0.544 μg/ml. Ethyl acetate fraction showed good antioxidant properties and except Pet Ether fraction all other extracts showed considerable antioxidant activity. The bark of Sterculia villosa can be considered for further research for finding potent compounds of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.
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Aim: This present study investigated the free radical scavenging activities, antihperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic activities of ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves. Study Design: Twenty male rats were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups, and were subsequently exposed to the following treatments for twenty-one days: Group I (Control): Normal saline; Group II: Untreated Diabetic control; Group III: Diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (600mg/Kg. b.wt); Group IV: Diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis (400mg/Kg b.wt). Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria between November 2012 and February 2013. Methodology: Phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activities of the plant extract were carried out. Brine shrimp lethality assay was also carried out on the plant extract for In vitro toxicity assay. Blood samples collected from the experimental rats were used for the determination of fasting blood sugar and biochemical profiles following the last oral treatment and an overnight fast. Results: Lawsonia inermis showed maximum inhibition of 77.39%, 50.78% and 83.18 % at 100μg/ml DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in vitro lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide respectively. Following twenty-one days of treatment with oral administration of ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves, fasting blood glucose was significantly reduced (P<0.001) compared to the untreated diabetic control. Activities of AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly decreased (P<0.001) in the diabetic rats treated with the extract compared to the untreated diabetic control rats. Diabetic rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis showed statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in the levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves showed antioxidant, antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic activities.
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Aims: The study was designed to investigate cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of aerial parts of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (Family: Cucurbitaceae, locally known as ‘Jhinga’), Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. (Family: Cucurbitaceae, locally known as ‘Dhundul’) and Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (Family: Cucurbitaceae, locally known as ‘Kakrol’) extracted with various solvents (petroleum ether & methanol). Study Design: Determination of cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of aerial parts of three (Cucurbitaceae family) Bangladeshi plants. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342. Performed between November 2011- September 2012. Methodology: The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay and anthelmintic activity by in-vitro test using earth worm Pheretima posthuma (Annelida) as test animals. Results: In Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, methanol extract of M. cochinchinensis and L. aegyptiaca were found to be highly toxic to Brine Shrimp nauplii, having LC50 of 1.91±0.79 μg/ml and 3.97±0.61 μg/ml respectively. The three methanol extracts of aerial part of L. acutangula, L. aegyptiaca and M. cochinchinensis showed moderate anthelmintic activity. 50mg/ml concentration of methanol extract of M. cochinchinensis showed maximum activity showing death in test animals at 43±1.3 min which is comparable to the standard (Piperazine Citrate, 10 mg/ml) which killed the test animal at 38 ± 0.63 min. Conclusion: Further studies are suggested to be undertaken to understand the underlying mechanism of the observed cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of these three Bangladeshi (Cucurbitaceae family) plants.
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BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic, and membrane stabilization activities, and in vivo antiemetic and antipyretic potentials of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Spilanthes paniculata leaves for the first time widely used in the traditional treatments in Bangladesh. RESULTS: In antipyretic activity assay, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in the temperature in the mice tested. At dose 400 mg/kg-body weight, the n-hexane soluble fraction showed the effect (36.7 ± 0.63°C ) as like as the standard (dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) after 5 h of administration. Extracts showed significant (P < 0.001) potential when tested for the antiemetic activity compared to the standard, metoclopramide. At dose 50 mg/kg-body weight, the standard showed 67.23% inhibition, whereas n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions showed 37.53% and 24.93% inhibition of emesis respectively at dose 400 mg/kg-body weight. In antimicrobial activity assay, the n-hexane soluble fraction (400 µg/disc) showed salient activity against the tested organisms. It exerts highest activity against Salmonella typhi (16.9 mm zone of inhibition); besides, crude, and ethyl acetate extracts showed resistance to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholera respectively. All the extracts were tested for lysis of the erythrocytes. At the concentration of 1mg/ml, ethanol extract, and n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions significantly inhibited hypotonic solution induced lysis of the human red blood cell (HRBC) (27.406 ± 3.57, 46.034 ± 3.251, and 30.72 ± 5.679% respectively); where standard drug acetylsalicylic acid (concentration 0.1 mg/ml) showed 77.276 ± 0.321% inhibition. In case of heat induced HRBC hemolysis, the plant extracts also showed significant activity (34.21 ± 4.72, 21.81 ± 3.08, and 27.62 ± 8.79% inhibition respectively). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane fraction showed potent (LC50 value 48.978 µg/ml) activity, whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed mild (LC50 value 216.77 µg/ml) cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the n-hexane extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of S. paniculata possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its folkloric use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic agent. Therefore, further research may be suggested to find possible mode of action of the plant part.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mice , Asteraceae/chemistry , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects , Antipyretics/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Artemia/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Bacillus cereus/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Vibrio cholerae/drug effects , Biological Assay/mortality , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Chickens , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Asteraceae/classification , Ethanol , Erythrocyte Membrane/physiology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Hot Temperature , Hexanes , Medicine, Traditional , AcetatesABSTRACT
The crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) fruits and its different fractions have been investigated for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential. The dried and powder fruits were extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extract was fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to provide pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay was used to investigate the cytotoxic potential of A. bilimbi. Compared to vincristine sulfate (with LC50 of 0.839 μg/ml) methanolic extract, carbon tetrachloride and pet-ether soluble fractions demonstrated a significant cytotoxic potential (having LC50 of 0.005μg/ml, 1.198μg/ml and 0.781μg/ml, respectively). The LC50 values of chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were 5.691μg/ml and 6.123μg/ml, respective-ly. This study reveals that A. bilimbi possesses effective cytotoxic properties and hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for cancer therapy.
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Cryptocoryne ciliata belonging to the Araceae family has been investigated for isolation of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractives with special emphasis to the antioxidant activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The whole plant was extracted with methanol and concentrated extract was parti-tioned using petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and ethyl acetate. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed moderate antioxidant activity as compared to free antioxidant activity of tert-butyl-1-hydroxytolunene. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among all extracts of whole plant of C. ciliata, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed strong cytotoxic activity. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract, methanolic crude and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed mild cytotoxity as compared to that of vincristine sulphate. The study confirms the mild to moderate antioxidant and moderate potent cytotoxic activities of C. ciliata plant extract as compared to reference standards and therefore demands the isolation of active principles and thorough bioassay.
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Modern civilization is facing more than hundreds of disorders associated with free radicals and natural antioxidants from non-edible plants are gaining importance to fight these disorders. The intention of this report is to evaluate a well known medicinal weed Ageratum conyzoides stems for its antioxidant and cytotoxic Effects. Antioxidant potentiality of the crude methanolic extract of the Ageratum conyzoides (AC) stems was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, reducing ability, total antioxidant capacity as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. The total phenols and total antioxidant capacity of AC was found to be 38.125 ± 2.01mg/g equivalent of gallic acid and 333.37 ± 4.22mg/gm equivalent of ascorbic acid, respec-tively. The percentage (%) scavenging of DPPH free radical of the extract was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value 46.01 ± 2.23μg/ml while IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid was found to be 29.56 ± 0.11μg/ml. The reducing power of AC was found to be concentration dependent. The cytotoxicity exhibited by AC was found promising with LC50 value 1.32μg/ml, comparing with the LC50 (0.689μg/ml) values of vincristin sulphate. The present investigation suggests that Ageratum conyzoides possesses remarkable antioxidant and cytotoxic property.
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The crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) fruits and its different fractions have been investigated for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential. The dried and powder fruits were extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extract was fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to provide pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay was used to investigate the cytotoxic potential of A. bilimbi. Compared to vincristine sulfate (with LC50 of 0.839 μg/ml) methanolic extract, carbon tetrachloride and pet-ether soluble fractions demonstrated a significant cytotoxic potential (having LC50 of 0.005μg/ml, 1.198μg/ml and 0.781μg/ml, respectively). The LC50 values of chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were 5.691μg/ml and 6.123μg/ml, respective-ly. This study reveals that A. bilimbi possesses effective cytotoxic properties and hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for cancer therapy.
ABSTRACT
Cryptocoryne ciliata belonging to the Araceae family has been investigated for isolation of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractives with special emphasis to the antioxidant activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The whole plant was extracted with methanol and concentrated extract was parti-tioned using petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and ethyl acetate. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed moderate antioxidant activity as compared to free antioxidant activity of tert-butyl-1-hydroxytolunene. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among all extracts of whole plant of C. ciliata, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed strong cytotoxic activity. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract, methanolic crude and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed mild cytotoxity as compared to that of vincristine sulphate. The study confirms the mild to moderate antioxidant and moderate potent cytotoxic activities of C. ciliata plant extract as compared to reference standards and therefore demands the isolation of active principles and thorough bioassay.
ABSTRACT
Modern civilization is facing more than hundreds of disorders associated with free radicals and natural antioxidants from non-edible plants are gaining importance to fight these disorders. The intention of this report is to evaluate a well known medicinal weed Ageratum conyzoides stems for its antioxidant and cytotoxic Effects. Antioxidant potentiality of the crude methanolic extract of the Ageratum conyzoides (AC) stems was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, reducing ability, total antioxidant capacity as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. The total phenols and total antioxidant capacity of AC was found to be 38.125 ± 2.01mg/g equivalent of gallic acid and 333.37 ± 4.22mg/gm equivalent of ascorbic acid, respec-tively. The percentage (%) scavenging of DPPH free radical of the extract was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value 46.01 ± 2.23μg/ml while IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid was found to be 29.56 ± 0.11μg/ml. The reducing power of AC was found to be concentration dependent. The cytotoxicity exhibited by AC was found promising with LC50 value 1.32μg/ml, comparing with the LC50 (0.689μg/ml) values of vincristin sulphate. The present investigation suggests that Ageratum conyzoides possesses remarkable antioxidant and cytotoxic property.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of fourteen different edible vegetables methanolic extract from Bangladesh.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay method against 12 bacteria (both gram positive and gram negative). The plant extracts were also screened for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the lethal concentrations (LC50) were determined at 95% confidence intervals by analyzing the data on a computer loaded with "Finney Programme".</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the vegetable extracts showed low to elevated levels of antibacterial activity against most of the tested strains (zone of inhibition=5-28 mm). The most active extract against all bacterial strains was from Xanthium indicum which showed remarkable antibacterial activity having the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranging from 12 to 28 mm followed by Alternanthera sessilis (zone of inhibition=6-21 mm). All extracts exhibited considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps. The LC50 value of the tested extracts was within the range of 8.447 to 60.323 µg/mL with respect to the positive control (vincristine sulphate) which was 0.91 µg/mL. Among all studied extracts, Xanthium indicum displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with LC50 value of 8.447 µg/mL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of the present investigation suggest that most of the studied plants are potentially good source of antibacterial and anticancer agents.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Artemia , Bacteria , Bangladesh , Lethal Dose 50 , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Toxicity , Species Specificity , Vegetables , ChemistryABSTRACT
The methanol extract of the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Pedicularis sibthorpii Boiss., Scrophulariaceae, growing in the Azerbaijan province of Iran, was found to be active in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and the antibacterial agar well diffusion assays, but no general toxicity was observed in the brine shrimp lethality assay. A combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-RP-HPLC) analyses of the methanolic extract afforded three phenylethanoids (verbascoside, martynoside and isomartynoside), an iridoid (aucubin), a flavonoid (luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and mannitol, and the structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic means. The distribution of the isolated compounds within the genus Pedicularis has also been discussed.
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Methanolic extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (MLL) & barks (MBL) have been evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant & cytotoxic activity. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against 11 Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and 3 fungi using disk diffusion technique. Kanamycin (30μg/disc) was used as standard. Antioxidant potentiality of the extracts was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, Total antioxidant capacity, Reducing ability as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. In antimicrobial study, the average zone of inhibition exhibited by MLL & MBL (each 500μg/disc) was 10-20 mm & 12-21mm respectively. In DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 value was found 27.89 ± 0.83μg/ml,21±0.61 μg/ml and 16.76 ± 1.11μg/ml for MLL, MBL and standard ascorbic acid, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was found 0.22 ± 398.37 mg/g and 4.02 ± 346.37 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. Reducing ability was found concentration dependent for both the extracts. The total phenolic content was found 71.06 ± 2.01 and 60.65 ± 2.16 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. The cytotoxicity exhibited by MLL was promising with LC50 value 9.602μg/ml, comparing with the LC50 (6.25 μg/ml) values of standard vincristin sulphate as a positive control. The results suggest into the plant extracts could be used as a potential therapeutics in many pathological conditions.
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Cytotoxicity activity experiment was carried out on the polar fractions of Cochlospermum tinctorium using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method. The LC50 values of the extracts were determined by linear regression analysis method. It was observed that the 80% acetone extract LC50 value was 240 ± 3 μg/ ml, which was more potent compared to n-butanol extract with LC50 value of 437 ± 8 μg/ ml. Phytochemical test performed on both extracts showed that they contained cardiac glycosides, saponins and carbohydrates, while only the 80% acetone extract contains anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins. These secondary metabolites present in both extracts, may likely accounts for their cytotoxic activity