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The increasing prevalence of cardio-metabolic risks contributes to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Although the cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients is well known, the dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors has not been fully investigated. This study was carried out to determine the cardio- metabolic risk factors in 45 purposively-selected adult diabetic patients attending the Medical Out-Patient Clinic, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to determine the dietary intake of the patients. Weight and height were measured to determine body mass index (BMI) which was categorized as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obese (?30.0kg/m2) and also waist-hip ratio. Biochemical parameters (triglyceride, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol) were obtained from their hospital records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and correlation at p<0.05. The mean age of the patients was 61.3±8.15 years. Their mean BMI was 30.2±6.94kg/m². About (37.8%) of the patients had systolic stage one hypertension, 88.9% had normal triglyceride, 55.6% had normal fasting blood glucose and 80.0% had normal total cholesterol. Less than half (44.4%) of the patients were obese, 33.3% had high waist-hip ratio. A positive and signi?cant correlation was only observed between regular exercise and fasting blood glucose of the patients. The cardio- metabolic risk factors were slightly high among type 2 diabetic patients in UCH, Ibadan. Diabetic individuals should be educated to maintain healthy lifestyles, comply with the right diets in order to reduce complications.
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Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in apparently healthy Saudi women with vitamin D deficiency. Study Design: A retrospective chart review. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research (CEOR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between June 2015 to October 2015. Methodology: Healthy women 20–40 years old, with no history of previous illnesses and not on any medications were included in this study. Data on anthropometric measurements as well as blood pressure (BP) were obtained. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Laboratory results including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting lipid profile, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were also obtained. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D3 concentration <50 nmol/l. Modified NCEP:ATPIII criteria were used to define cardio-metabolic risk factor cutoff points. Results: A total of 305 women were included in the current analysis. Mean (± S.D.) age of the study group was 28.4±6.1 years and median (IQR) 25(OH)D3 was 17.8 (11.9–28.2) nmol/l. Almost 97% of the study participants were vitamin D deficient and 70% had values below 25 nmol/l. 25(OH)D3 was significantly inversely associated with waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP and PTH (P=0.011, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, respectively). Prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were higher among participants who fell in the lowest tertile of 25(OH)D3 except total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, however only higher PTH was statistically significant (P=0.022). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among otherwise healthy Saudi women. The results also suggest that the prevalence of selected cardio-metabolic risk factors is higher among those with low vitamin D status. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether such deficiency will be of clinical significance with advancing age in this population, and whether vitamin D supplementation has beneficial effects
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Background: A total 4-11% of women in India are affected by PCOS. Studies show that incidence and prevalence is increasing. It is a constellation of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities with significant cost to quality and quantity of life. Aim of this study was to find out the association of metabolic syndrome with PCOS. Objectives of this study were identified subjects suffering from PCOS and measure strength of association of metabolic syndrome.Methods: Case-control study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura from January 2017 to June 2018. Fifty cases were diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria and 50 cases age matched controls were recruited. Hundred subjects underwent evaluation for metabolic syndrome according to ESHRE/ASRM criteria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17.0.Results: Mean age was 19.4±3.5 years. Oligomenorrhea found in 42 out of 50 cases. Hirsutism found in 54% of cases. There is a statistically significant difference in weight, BMI and waist circumference among PCOS cases and controls. Hypertriglyceridemia was found to be significantly higher among PCOS cases. Fasting glucose and 2-hour OGTT were found to be statistically significantly different. No association was found between metabolic syndrome and clinical hyperandrogenism, but metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with higher BMI. BMI, Hip circumference and oral glucose tolerance test were independent predictors of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was present in 34% of cases. The odds ratio of having metabolic syndrome in a case of PCOS is 5.92.Conclusions: Association between PCOS and metabolic syndrome is statistically significant. The two entities are intrinsically linked to each other and early identification of one may lead to the diagnosis and management of the other.
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Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis. Prior to the arrival of this viral pandemic, the world was already plagued with a significant burden of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of the novel virus, the world now faces a double jeapordy. Early reports have suggested an increased risk of death in individuals with underlying cardio-metabolic disorders. The exact effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system are not well determined, however lessons from prior viral epidemics suggest that such infections can trigger acute coronary syndromes, arrhythmias and heart failure via direct and indirect mechanisms. In this article, we aimed to discuss the effects and potential underlying mechanisms of COVID -19 as well as potential implications of treatments targeted against this virus on the cardiovascular system.
Resumen El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) que causa la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) ha provocado una crisis en la salud global. Antes de la llegada de esta pandemia, se tenia una carga importante de enfermedad cardiovascular a nivel mundial. Con la introducción del nuevo virus, el mundo ahora se enfrenta a un doble peligro. Los primeros informes han sugerido un mayor riesgo de muerte en personas con trastornos cardio-metabólicos de base. Los efectos causados por el COVID-19, en el sistema cardiovascular aun no están bien determinados, sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre otras epidemias virales previamente ocurridas en el mundo, sugieren que estas infecciones pueden desencadenar síndromes coronarios agudos, arritmias e insuficiencia cardíaca a través de mecanismos directos e indirectos. En este artículo, nuestro objetivo fue analizar los efectos y los posibles mecanismos subyacentes de COVID -19, así como las posibles implicaciones de los tratamientos dirigidos contra este virus en el sistema cardiovascular.
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Resumen Un estudio de corte transversal realizado entre 2012-2014 en adultos autónomos de Bogotá, mostró una prevalencia de 23% de demencia, encontrándose asociada con baja escolaridad, edad avanzada e hipertensión arterial. La relación de estos factores de riesgo con la progresión del dete rioro cognitivo no ha sido estudiada en nuestra población. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos o sociales con la progresión a deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) o demencia, en adultos autónomos de Bogotá. Material y métodos: una cohorte de sujetos normales y con DCL, del estudio de 2012-2014, se revaluó aplicándose el protocolo neuropsiquiátrico y neuropsicológico del estudio anterior. Se realizaron análisis de correspondencia múltiple y de regresión logística. Resultados: se revaluaron 215 adultos autónomos, 118 sujetos habían sido diagnosticados con cognición normal y 97 con DCL en el primer estudio; 73% fueron mujeres con edad promedio de 71(DE:7.3) años y escolaridad de 8.2 (DE: 5.4) años. Progresaron a demencia 6% de los sujetos en un tiempo de 4(DE:1) años. Un 75% de sujetos normales permaneció sin cambio y 22% progresó a DCL; mientras que 65% de sujetos con DCL no tuvo cambios y un 25% se normalizó. Progresar de normal a DCL se asoció con baja escolaridad OR=2.43 (IC95% 1.004-5.91; p=0.049) y de DCL a demencia con IMC<25 OR=6.3 (IC95% 1.26-31; p=0.025). Conclusión: tener baja escolaridad (<5 años) se asoció en los sujetos normales con un mayor riesgo de progresión a DCL, mientras que tener un IMC <25 aumentó el riesgo de progresión a demencia en los sujetos con DCL. No identificamos factores protectores en los sujetos que se nor malizaron. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 66-74).
Abstract A cross-sectional study carried out between 2012-2014 in autonomous adults of Bogotá showed a 23% prevalence of dementia, being associated with low schooling, advanced age and arterial hy pertension. The relationship between these risk factors and the progression of cognitive deterioration has not been studied in our population. Objective: to evaluate the association between cardio-metabolic or social risk factors with the progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, in autonomous adults of Bogotá. Material and methods: a cohort of normal subjects with MCI, from the 2012-2014 study was re-evaluated applying the neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological protocol of the previous study. Multiple correspondence and logistic regression analyzes were performed. Results: 215 autonomous adults were re-evaluated; 118 subjects had been diagnosed with normal cognition and 97 with MCI in the first study; 73% were women with an average age of 71 (SD: 7.3) years and schooling of 8.2 (SD: 5.4) years. 6% of the subjects progressed to dementia in a time of 4 (SD: 1) years. 75% of normal subjects remained unchanged and 22% progressed to MCI while 65% of subjects with MCI did not change and 25% normalized. Progressing from normal to MCI was associated with low schooling OR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.004-5.91; p = 0.049) and from MCI to dementia with BMI≤25 OR = 6.3 (IC95% 1.26-31; p = 0.025). Conclusion: having low schooling (≤5 years) was associated in normal subjects with a higher risk of progression to MCI, while having a BMI ≤25 increased the risk of progression to dementia in subjects with MCI. Protective factors in subjects who normalized were not identified. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 66-74).
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Disease Progression , Cognitive Dysfunction , Risk Factors , Dementia , Cardiometabolic Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major causes of death in the developed world. It has been reported that there is high prevalence of cardiac risk factors and associated morbidity in the adult population. These risk factors are known as the metabolic syndrome. Due to the alterations in lifestyle, low physical activity, the epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome is a growing health problem in adults. Methods: In this study, 150 total numbers of cases were included. This study conducted in the Department of Medicine in K M Medical College & Hospital, Mathura. The duration of study was over period of one year. Results: In this study, 150 total numbers of cases were included. Out of 150 cases 65.4% were male and 34.6% were female.36% cases 51-60 age group predominantly found followed by >60 & <51. This study showed risk factor of Diabetic mellitus which were in 67 cases in IHD with metabolic syndrome group. While in IHD without metabolic syndrome group IHD higher risk found followed by other group. Conclusions: This study suggested that, Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease also. To prevent the development of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to modify lifestyle.
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This study investigated the associations between cardiovascular risk parameters, glycemic level and periodontitis in the diabetic adult population. BMI (body mass index), total cholesterol and triglyceride was used as cardiovascular risk measure and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was recorded for glycemic levels. Study results provide evidence of significant association between periodontal disease, cardiovascular risk and glycemic levels.
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Objective: To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio metabolic (CM) risk factors in adults in China. Methods: The project data of 2015 Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents were used, and 5 456 adults aged 18-59 years with complete socio-demographic, anthropometric, and blood biochemical data were selected as the study subjects. The definition released by the International Diabetes Federation in 2005 were used to define each CM risk factors, including central obesity, elevated TG, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure and elevated FPG. The co-prevalence of the risk factors was defined as adults having ≥2 risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CM risk and socio-demographic factors. Results: About 80.8% of adults had at least 1 risk factor, and 54.0% had co-prevalence of risk factors. Gender, age, education level and living area were significantly associated with the prevalence of major metabolic risk factors. After adjusting for other factors, compared with men, women were more likely to have central obesity and reduced HDL-C, but not more likely to have elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG and elevated TG (P<0.01). Compared with adults aged 18-44 years, adults aged 45-59 years were more likely to have central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG and elevated TG (P<0.01). The odds of having central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose in the adults in eastern China were significantly higher than those in the central and western China. Conclusions: In 2015, less than 20% of the adults aged 18-59 years in China had no cardio metabolic risk factors, and more than half of them had two or more risk factors. Gender, age and living areas were the major influencing factors. It is necessary to take effective intervention measures targeting adults at high-risk for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology , Obesity/ethnology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China, to explore the influence of population economic factors on them. Methods: A total of 3 367 farmers, including fishermen or hunters, aged ≥18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015. Basic information (age, gender), data on anthropometric (body height, weight and waist size), blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation, income, education level and living area) were included. According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL-C, increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose. Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors. Results: In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality), the prevalence rates of central obesity, increased blood pressure, increased plasma glucose, increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8%, 59.0%, 17.0%, 25.5% and 38.7% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 2.81- 3.82) were higher in women than in men, and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.63-0.84), increased blood glucose (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men. Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P<0.05). Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China. No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level, education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: In 15 provinces of China, the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5% of the farmers, and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60% of farmers. The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender. It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Farmers , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio metabolic (CM) risk factors in adults in China.Methods The project data of 2015 Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents were used,and 5 456 adults aged 18-59 years with complete sociodemographic,anthropometric,and blood biochemical data were selected as the study subjects.The definition released by the International Diabetes Federation in 2005 were used to define each CM risk factors,including central obesity,elevated TG,reduced HDL-C,elevated blood pressure and elevated FPG.The co-prevalence of the risk factors was defined as adults having ≥2 risk factors.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CM risk and socio-demographic factors.Results About 80.8％ of adults had at least 1 risk factor,and 54.0％ had co-prevalence of risk factors.Gender,age,education level and living area were significantly associated with the prevalence of major metabolic risk factors.After adjusting for other factors,compared with men,women were more likely to have central obesity and reduced HDL-C,but not more likely to have elevated blood pressure,elevated FPG and elevated TG (P＜0.01).Compared with adults aged 18-44 years,adults aged 45-59 years were more likely to have central obesity,elevated blood pressure,elevated FPG and elevated TG (P＜0.01).The odds of having central obesity,elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose in the adults in eastern China were significantly higher than those in the central and western China.Conclusions In 2015,less than 20％ of the adults aged 18-59 years in China had no cardio metabolic risk factors,and more than half of them had two or more risk factors.Gender,age and living areas were the major influencing factors.It is necessary to take effective intervention measures targeting adults at high-risk for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8％,59.0％,17.0％,25.5％ and 38.7％ respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95％CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95％CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95％ CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95％ CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P＜0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5％ of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60％ of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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Introducción. La actividad física y condición física son determinantes de los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, pudiendo influenciar en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivos. Analizar la asociación entre nivel de actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes. Diseño. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Estudiantes de pregrado de las escuelas académico profesionales. Intervenciones. La muestra fue no probabilística, seleccionada por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 149 hombres y mujeres que consintieron voluntariamente su participación. Se excluyó aquellos con patología cardiaca, metabólica o discapacidad física que impidiera realizar las evaluaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Nivel de actividad física (NAF), condición física, factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos. Resultados. El 48,9% de participantes presentó NAF alta; 53,7% tenía uno o dos factores de riesgo alterados: HDL-colesterol bajo (43%), hipertensión (8,7%), hiperglicemia (4%), hipertrigliceridemia (2,7%). El 40,9% de mujeres y 35,6% de varones lograron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de resistencia cardio-respiratoria. El 49% de varones y 34,9% de mujeres alcanzaron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de fuerza abdominal. El 94,6% y 53,7% de participantes tuvieron resultados regulares o deficientes en las evaluaciones de fuerza de miembros inferiores y superiores, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de actividad física alto estuvo asociado al sexo masculino, presión arterial alta, hipertrigliceridemia, sobrepeso/obesidad, y resultados óptimos de resistencia cardio-respiratoria y fuerza abdominal, en los sujetos estudiados.
Introduction: Physical activity and physical condition are determinants of cardio-metabolic risk factors, and may influence the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To analyze the association between physical activity level, physical condition and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young adults. Design: Observational, analytical and transversal study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Graduate students from professional academic schools. Interventions: The sample was non-probabilistic, selected by convenience, it was formed by 149 men and women who voluntarily consented to participate. Those with cardiac, metabolic or physical disability which prevented the evaluation were excluded. Main outcome measures: Physical activity level (PAL), physical condition, cardio-metabolic risk factors. Results: 48.2% of the participants had high PAL. 53.7% had one or two altered cardio-metabolic risk factors: low HDL-cholesterol (43%), hypertension (8,7%), hyperglycemia (4%),hypertriglyceridemia (2.7%). 40.9% of women and 35.6% of men achieved optimal results in the evaluation of cardio-respiratory resistance. 49% of males and 34.9% of females obtained optimal results in abdominal strength assessment. 94.6% and 53.7% of participants achieved regular or deficient results in strength assessments of lower and upper limbs, respectively. Conclusions: In the subjects studied, high physical activity level was associated with the male sex, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, overweight / obesity, and optimal results of cardio-respiratory resistance and abdominal muscle strength tests.
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Globally, individuals with chronic diseases now consume over 80% of all healthcare resources. Set against this depressing projection is decades of epidemiologic work demonstrating that 80%-90% of cardiovascular disease can be prevented via lifestyle and dietary interventions. How can we reconcile such contrasting views toward the future of cardiovascular health in human populations? Herein, we review available sources of evidence that can be used to answer these challenging questions of how and why. In particular, we submit that analytical framework incorporating the 6P (prediction, precision, personalization, prevention, population, and policy)-3G (good food, good environment, and good behavior)-4I (interpretation, integration, implementation, and innovation) will allow us to focus resource towards the development of multi-level approaches for the betterment of population
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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the multisystemic disorder and most common reproductive endocrinopathy of women during their childbearing years, expressed in wide varieties of clinical signs and symptoms. It is characterized by a varied and often complex array of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities, including hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance and obesity which put women with PCOS at a higher risk for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To estimate Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile in women with PCOS and normal females. Materials and Methods: After Ethical Committee Approval, blood samples were collected from 50 diagnosed PCOS cases and 50 healthy controls (premenopausal women); aged 18 to 40 years. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were investigated in both PCOS patients and controls. The correlation between these biochemical parameters were then studied in the PCOS group. Data analysis done using studentʽ t’ test. Results: There was a significant increase in fasting plasma glucose levels in PCOS patients as compared to controls. PCOS women had higher BMI with increased total cholesterol, TGL, LDL-C, VLDL-C and lower HDL-C (P < 0.05) as compared to the controls which was statistically significant. The levels of glucose showed significant positive correlation with total cholesterol(P<0.01), triglycerides(P<0.05), LDL-C (P<0.01) whereas non-significant negative correlation with HDL-C. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirms the association between Glucose, BMI and dyslipidaemia in PCOS and may help to identify women with PCOS at risk of cardio metabolic syndrome thereby confirming the association between PCOS and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Objective To compare the two anthropometric standards for screening of overweight and cardio-metabolic risk in 6–10-year-old children.Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study included 175 subjects attending the Referral Center for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents in Campos, Rio de Janeiro. They were classified according to CDC and WHO BMI z scores as normal-weight (z-score > –1 and < 1), overweight (z-score ≥ 1 and < 2) or obese (z-score ≥ 2). Sensitivities and specificities in predicting systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) alterations were calculated.Results There was a major difference in 11 children who rated overweight by the CDC but were reclassified as obese by the WHO. Their mean z-scores for SBP (1.71 ± 1.54), DBP (2.64 ± 1.83) and HOMA-IR (1.84 ± 0.98) were higher than those classified as overweight by both references (SBP = 0.49 ± 1.34, p < 0.023, DBP = 1.45 ± 0.97, p < 0.04 and HOMA = 1.24 ± 0.67, p < 0.04), but were similar to those classified as obese by both criteria (SBP = 1.25 ± 2.04, p = 0.60, DBP = 1.94 ± 1.19, p = 0.50 and HOMA = 2.09 ± 1.12, p = 0.76).Conclusion the 2007 WHO reference was the most sensitive in screening for overweight and alterations in blood pressure and HOMA-IR in 6–10-year-old children. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):220-5.
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Animals , Female , Male , Breeding , Isoflurane/pharmacology , Motion Sickness/complications , Motion Sickness/genetics , Vomiting/chemically induced , Vomiting/complications , Copper Sulfate/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Emetics/pharmacology , Nicotine/pharmacology , Shrews , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Chocolate is made from the seeds of a tropical rainforest tree called “Theobroma cacao”. When compared with other food sources based on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) measurement, dark chocolate is a major source of flavonols with highest antioxidant levels. Some of the health benefits of cocoa consumption include antioxidant properties such as polyphenolic compounds, among others are monomeric flavanols, epicatechin, catechin and oligomeric procyanidins. Both experimental and observational studies have suggested that chocolate consumption has a positive influence on human health, with antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and antithrombotic effects as well as influence on insulin sensitivity, vascular endothelial function, and bioavailability of nitric oxide. In addition, dark chocolate consumption may alter lipid effects, by lowering total and low density lipoproteins and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The antioxidants found in chocolate have been shown to inhibit plasma lipid oxidation probably by scavenging free radical species. There are some experimental studies to prove that flavonoids could prevent LDL oxidation in vitro by scavenging radical species or sequestering metal ions. Dark chocolate (DC) has beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Polyphenols rich dark chocolate showed progress in insulin sensitivity and decreased blood pressure in healthy subjects. Dark Chocolate has a dual effect on platelets by decreasing platelet aggregation and also it reduces platelet adhesion. Chocolate extends its great beneficial effect from being by and large a palatable pleasant and hence sustainable therapeutic option. Thus, dark chocolate may be suggested as a potential delicacy and one of the agents for the prevention and control of cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Antihypertensive Agents , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Cacao/chemistry , Cacao/classification , Cacao/pharmacology , Cacao/physiology , Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology , Flavonols/therapeutic use , Humans , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Nitric Oxide/therapeutic use , Polyphenols/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second-most abundant apolipoprotein in human high-density lipoprotein and its role in cardio metabolic risk is not entirely clear. It has been suggested to have poor anti-atherogenic or even pro-atherogenic properties, but there are few studies on the possible role of apoA-II in Asian populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of apoA-II in metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) in Korean adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from 244 adults who visited the Center for Health Promotion in Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital for routine health examinations. RESULTS: The mean apoB level was significantly higher, and the mean apoA-I level was significantly lower, in MetS; however, there was no significant difference in apoA-II levels (30.5+/-4.6 mg/dL vs. 31.2+/-4.6 mg/dL, P=0.261). ApoA-II levels were more positively correlated with apoA-I levels than apoB levels. ApoA-II levels were less negatively correlated with homocysteine and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels than apoA-I levels. The differences in MetS prevalence from the lowest to highest quartile of apoA-II were not significant (9.0%, 5.7%, 4.9%, and 6.6%, P=0.279). The relative risk of the highest quartile of apoA-II compared with the lowest quartile also was not significantly different (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.04; P=0.956). CONCLUSION: Compared with apoA-I (negative association with MetS) and apoB (positive association with MetS) levels, apoA-II levels did not show any association with MetS in this study involving Korean adults. However, apoA-II may have both anti-atherogenic and pro-atherogenic properties.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Apolipoprotein A-I , Apolipoprotein A-II , Apolipoproteins , Apolipoproteins B , Asian People , C-Reactive Protein , Health Promotion , Homocysteine , Lipoproteins , PrevalenceABSTRACT
En niños, la obesidad general y visceral se asocian con mayor riesgo cardiometabólico. El aumento en la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños y adolescentes empeora el riesgo cardiovascular. Necesitamos contar con nuevos marcadores que permitan predecir el SM en niños. Objetivo: Comparar índice de masa corporal (zIMC) con razón cintura estatura (RCE) como predictores de SM en niños chilenos. Método: Estudio transversal en 618 escolares, edad 10.8 +/- 1.9 años, 51.6 por ciento mujeres, 190 eutróficos, 174 sobrepeso, 254 obesos, estrato socioeconómico medio y medio bajo, área urbana de Santiago. Determinamos peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial, perfil lipídico y glicemia. Diagnóstico de SM basado en la presencia de > 3 criterios de Cook. El SM se modeló en función de RCE y z score IMC , con modelos de regresión logística. Se usaron curvas ROC para comparar RCE y zIMC como predictores de SM. Punto de corte según índice de YOUDEN. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM fue 15.37 por ciento. Promedio de z IMC + 1.22 +/- 0.90 y de RCE 0.52 +/-0.07. Punto de corte óptimo para SM: RCE 0.55 (sensibilidad 72 por ciento, especificidad 70 por ciento) yzIMC: 1.76 (sensibilidad 71 por ciento, especificidad 74 por ciento). Conclusión: RCE y zIMC predicen igualmente el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y adolescentes. Dada la mayor facilidad de calcular RCE, la transforma en mejor herramienta definiendo riesgo en este grupo. El punto de corte > 0.55 sería buen predictor de SM en niños y adolescentes.
Among children both general and visceral obesity are associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk. The increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents increases cardiovascular risk. Studies of new clinical markers which can easily and accurately predict MS in children and adolescents are needed. Aim: To compare zBMI and waist to height ratio (WHR) as predictors of MS in Chilean children. Method: We performed a crossectional study of 618 schoolchildren, age 11 +/- 2 years, 52 percent females, 190 eutrophic, 174 overweight, 254 obese, from middle and low social economic strata from the Santiago urban area. We determined weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting lipids and glycemia. MS diagnosis was based on the presence of > 3 Cook criteria. MS was modeled in function of WHR and z score BMI, through logistic regression models. ROC curves were used to compare zBMI and WHR as predictors of MS. The cut off point by YOUDEN index was used. Results: The prevalence of MS was 15 percent. Mean zBMI was +1.22 +/- 0.90 and WHR 0.52 +/- 0.07. Cut off point for MS were: WHR 0,55 (sensitivity 72 percent, specificity 70 percent)and zBMI: 1.76 (sensitivity 71 percent, specificity 74 percent). Conclusions: Both WHR and zBMI similarly predicted cardio metabolic risk in children and adolescents. The greater feasibility of calculating WHR makes it a good tool for defining risk in this group. A cut off point >0.55 might be a good predictor of MS in children and adolescents.