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Background: The prevalence of CVD risk factors in India is steadily increasing moreover CVD in Indians has been shown to occur prematurely. The study was designed to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk using region specific WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among unskilled workers of a tertiary care teaching hospital and to determine factors associated with risk. Material and methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted among 250 workers selected by simple random sampling. Using structured questionnaire, life style related risk factors name-ly, average daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity, perceived stress, tobacco and al-cohol use was collected. BMI and BP were measured using standard protocol and classified following standard guidelines. Bio-chemical parameters were also measured. Results: Among 250 workers, 37.2% and 10% consumed daily minimal recommended level of vegeta-bles and fruits respectively, 21.1% was current tobacco user, 17.2% was alcohol drinkers, 50.4% were obese, 18.8% had high blood pressure and 6% had elevated cholesterol. Among the workers 46.7 % had <10% risk, 5.3% had 10% to <20% risk and, 3.3% had 20% to <30% risk to develop CVD within future 10 years of lifetime. Drivers and current alcoholics were associated with being in the high-risk group. Conclusion: Employer initiated regular work place health screening and services need to be aimed at the unskilled workers, especially for CVD targeting drivers and alcoholics.
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Background: Doctors are supposed to lead healthier lifestyles and are usually assumed to have lower morbidity and mortality rates than general population due to their medical knowledge. However, recently a study conducted by the research cell of Indian Medical Association (IMA) concluded that doctors die younger and mostly due to cardiovascular diseases.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 doctors in a medical college for duration of 3 months. Questionnaires were distributed, they were personally interviewed and required clinical examination was done. Data obtained was tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software. Risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke and obesity was estimated and its association with various determinants was seen.Results: Odds of having central obesity increases 10 times with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 as compared to <25 kg/m2. With risk ratio of 1.96, doctors are twice at risk of having BMI ≥25 as compared to general population. Number of people with higher risk of CVD increased after 45 years of age. People with at least one NCD outnumbered the people without any NCD, in the age group of 45-54 years and above. Insufficient physical activity is prevalent among 37% in this age group.Conclusions: This study gives an idea on impact of medical profession on lifestyle, outlook and attitude towards personal health among professional doctors. Initiatives must be taken to identify the causes of professional stress among doctors and measures must be taken to prevent them.
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Objective To determine the pattern of physical activity specific to age and gender among young Indian school going girls and boys aged 8-14 years. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Private and government sponsored schools in Patiala and Mansa District of Punjab, India. Participants: Two hundred thirty four school going girls and boys aged 8–14 years. Methodology A structured questionnaire recorded the various forms of daily physical activity, sedentary activity as well as physical activity level of all the participants. The energy expenditure was also calculated using the standard metabolic equivalent index. Results There is a significant difference between mean weights of participants belonging to different physical activity levels (p < .04). In comparison to boys, the girl participants have significant lower values of physical activity duration as well as total metabolic equivalent expenditure (p < .05). The total duration of moderate/vigorous physical activity declined in both girls and boys as the age increased. Conclusion Physical activity among children in Northern regions of India is on decline as their age increases especially among girls. It is important to determine physical activity duration in early age groups and motivate children for daily physical activity.
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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a unique entity characterised by fatty changes with lobular hepatitis in absence of a history of alcoholism. Compelling evidence over the past several years has substantiated a significant link between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease ranging from coronary artery disease to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Close follow up, treatment of risk factors for NAFLD, and cardiovascular risk stratification are necessary to predict morbidity and mortality in these patients. The objective of this study is to find out hepatic involvement in type 2 diabetic patients and to correlate the associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and different Cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted in a tertiary care Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal and was conducted among 128 patients having patients having been diagnosed as type 2 diabetic and whose liver USG scan showing fatty changes.Results: In the studied 128 cases, 99 patients had fatty liver and 29 cases without fatty liver diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Most of the Diabetic NAFLD cases were detected in their 5th and 6th decade of life with a male preponderance. Ultrasonography remains a reliable non-invasive method for detection. Ischemic changes in ECG were noted in the study population without statistical significance probably due to low sampling.Conclusions: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction found to be the prime echocardiographic abnormality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Introducción:en Colombia existen pocos es- tudios que den cuenta de la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en usuarios de los programas de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: determinar la percepción de CVRS de los usuarios de un programa de AF en un municipio colombiano. Metodología:estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 1076 suje- tos, con promedio edad 56,6 años DE 12,8; el 88,3% mujeres. Se evaluaron variables socio- demográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, niveles de AF y la percepción de la CVRS. Se realizó el análisis univariado, bivariado (U de Mann-whitney y Kruskal Wallis) y multivariado exploratorio (regresión lineal). Significancia estadística p<0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1076 participantes, promedio edad 56,6 anos DE 12,8; el 88,3% mujeres. Los puntajes de CVRS variaron entre 65 y 70,2 con valores m s bajos en la dimension ambiental y mas alta en la fisica. Las variables que se asociaron a deterioro de la percepcion de CVRS fueron: dimension fisica (ser hombre, mayor edad, educacion baja, viudo, desempleado, fumar, ser hipertenso y tener diabetes mellitus); dimension psicologica (mayor edad, educacion baja, desempleado, fumador; dimension social (educacion baja); dimension ambiental (vivir en area rural, educacion baja, desempleado y obesidad por % de grasa). Conclusion: La percepcion de CVRS se deteriora con variables sociodemograficas como el ser hombre, tener mayor edad, poseer un bajo nivel educativo, estar desempleado y padecer enfermedades como el tabaquismo, la hipertension arterial y la diabetes mellitus, con mayor afectacion en las dimensiones fisica y psicologica.
Introduction: There are in Colombia a few studies that give an account of Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in the programs of physical activity (PA) users. Objective: To determine the HRQOL perception among users of a PA program within a Colombian town. Methodology: transversal, descriptive study. Socio-demographic variables were evaluated, cardio-vascular risk factors, levels of PA and HRQOL perception. Univariate analysis were done, bivariate (U of Mann whitney and Kruskal Wallis) and exploratory multivariate (lineal regression). Statistical significance p ˂0,05. Results: 1076 participants were included, average 56,6 years of age SD 12,8; 88.3% were women. The HRQOL scores varied between 65 and 70,2 with lower values among the environment dimension and the highest on the physical. The associated variables to the decline of the HRQOL perception were: physical dimension (to a man, adult, low educational background, widower, unemployed, smoker, hypertensive, and to have diabetes mellitus); psychological dimension (adult, low educational background, unemployed, smoker); social dimension (low educational background); environmental dimension (to live in a rural area, low educational background, unemployed and obesity percentage of fat). Conclusion: The HRQOL perception decayed with socio-demographic variables like to a man, being an adult, to have a low educational background, being an unemployed and to suffer from illnesses like smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus, affecting the physical and psychological dimensions.