ABSTRACT
Objective To explore factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in different genders so as to provide reference for the specific prevention of the disease. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted to analyze factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in Jinchang cohort population who were randomly selected through stratified sampling by age and followed up. A risk prediction model was established and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). Results The standardized incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in this follow-up population was 12.32%, and the incidence rate of males (13.65%) was greater than that of females (11.29%). The difference was statistically significant ( 2=4.267, P<0.001). Age, education, elevated systolic blood pressure, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were common risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in both men and women. Elevated fasting plasma glucose (OR=2.556, 95% CI: 1.618-4.038) and elevated triglyceride (OR=1.535, 95% CI: 1.058-2.227) were only associated with men. Abdominal obesity (OR=1.414, 95% CI: 1.013-1.974) was only associated with women. The area under ROC of male and female prediction models was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.815-0.856) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.788-0.831), respectively. The sensitivity was 78.0% and 78.9%, the specificity was 78.8% and 73.1%, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 91.3% and 82.4%, respectively. Conclusions There are different risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in males and females, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to gender. The risk prediction model established by Logistic regression had certain guiding value.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the carotid arterial stiffness in patients with coronary slow flow ( CSF) .Methods forty-five patients with CSF and Forty -five persons having normal coronary arteries ( NCA) detected by coronary angiography with a similar distri-bution of risk factors were recruited .Stiffness parameter (β), pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), arterial compliance (AC) and lo-cal pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were obtained at the level of bilateral carotid artery by a real time echo -tracking system.Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP) were measured in two groups of subjects .Linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the correlation between hs -CRP and the parameters of the carotid artery stiffness .Results We found that stiffness parameter (β), Ep and PWV were significantly higher in CSF group those that of control group (β:11.80 ±3.19 vs 9.70 ±3.76,P<0.01;Ep:149.90 ±44.47 vs 130.10 ±41.56,P<0.05;PWV:7.40 ±0.84 vs 7.00 ±1.08,P<0.05), AC was lower than that of control group (0.640 ±0.180 vs 0.760 ±0.192 ,P<0.01).The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in CSF group than that of control group (13.90 ±10.66 vs 9.30 ±6.33,P<0.05).The levels of hs-CRP was positively correlated with theβ(r=0.272,P=0.005), Ep(r=0.411,P=0.003), and PWV(r=0.452,P=0.001), but negatively correlated with AC (r=-0.293,P=0.025).Conclusion Echo-tracking technology is a simple practical method to evaluate carotid artery stiffness in patients with CSF and correlation well with coronary slow flow and artery stiffness .
ABSTRACT
Objective Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is widely used as a simple noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of baPWV as a predictor of the carotid artery atherosclerosis in the elderly. Methods A total of 721 elderly participants (mean±SD age, 70.3 5.6years) were enrolled in the current study. All participant underwent both baPWV measurement and B-mode ultrasound for the intima-media thickness. Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) was defined as the present of carotid plaque or and/or intima media thickness for at least 1.1 mm. Results A multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that age, sex, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, smoking and LDL-C level showed a significant correlation with the presence of CAS. The odds ratios of CAS associated with a 500cm/s increase of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were 2.378 [95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 4.00, P<0.05], 3.733 [95% confidence interval, 1.729 to 8.058, P<0.01], 4.438 [95% confidence interval, 1.659 to 11.803, P<0.01]. The baPWV significantly correlated with IMT by bivariate correlation analysis (r=0.39; p=0.001). After adjusting for factors influencing, baPWV all the same correlated with IMT (r=0.35; p=0.001).Conclusion These results indicate that brachial-ankle PWV is an independent predictor of CAS in the elderly.It also means that the direct measurement of arterial stiffness by this simple method may be of great help for the evaluation of carotid artherosclerosis, at least in the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a carotid arteriosclerosis model with New Zealand white rabbit by intravenous infusion of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), so as to lay a foundation for further investigating the relationship between Hp and carotid arteriosclerosis. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were fed with high fat diet for six weeks; six of them were randomly chosen and sacrificed; the other twelve were evenly randomized into control group and experimental group. Animals in the experimental group were injected with 0.5 ml Sydney Strain 1(4x108 CFU) into the ear vein once a day for three days, and animals in the control group received normal saline in the same manner. All the animals were sacrificed on the eighth week. The blood lipid, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and plaque formation were observed before and 6,8 weeks after the intervention. The animals were sacrificed by air embolism and the carotid specimens were collected. The morphology of the blood vessels and the presence of plaque were observed with naked eye. HE staining was used to observe the blood vessel diseases and intima thickness. Results: All the animals survived, and hyperlipidemia rabbit models were successfully established after 6-week feeding with high fat diet. The blood lipid level, carotid IMT, and blood vessel intima thickness were significantly increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group at the eighth week(P< 0.05). More prominent atherosclerosis was noted in the experimental group compared with the control group on the eighth week. Conclusion: Carotid arteriosclerosis model can be successfully established by intravenous injection of Hp in rabbits with hyperlipidemia.