ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Centipedes are venomous arthropods that have an elongated body, divided into many segments, presenting a pair of legs in each segment, adapted pairs of paws that simulate fangs and inject venom causing intense pain, with local erythema and edema, and rarely, blisters and skin necrosis. We present the case of a young woman pricked on her upper lip with intense swelling and local pain and discuss the real danger of envenomation and the therapeutic measures that should be taken.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to analyze the major protein composition of centipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch.), and the ACE inhibitory activity of its hydrolysis. Albumins, gulbulins, coixins and glutelins were sequentially extracted from centipedes flour with corresponding buffer and then quantified by Kjeldahl method and Brandford. Hydrolysation of four kinds of proteins of centipedes and the residues were conducted with pepsin. The hydrolysis was ultrafiltrated (MWCO=3 000) and lyophilized. The peptides (≤3 kD) were obtained to evalu-ate the ACE inhibitory activity by RP-HPLC. The results showed that the total protein content of centipedes was (62.69±1.41)%. Among which the contents of albumins, globulins, coixins, glutelins and residual were account-ing for (6.42±0.31)%, (7.94±0.24)%, (4.31±0.34)%, (40.66±0.56)% and (25.78±0.60)%, respectively. The inhibition rate of hydrolysis of four kinds of protein and residual were 50.28%, 57.37%, 31.15%, 58.99%, 80.81%, respectively. It was concluded that centipedes were rich in protein and the hydrolyzate of all proteins manifested ACE inhibitory activity at different extent. The residual and glutelins indicated strong ACE inhibitory potential by hydrolysis. This research provided valuable sights for exploring hypotensive activity and functional food from centi-pedes.
ABSTRACT
Se muestra un listado revisado y actualizado de los centípedos o ciempiés (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) registrados en Venezuela. Hasta el presente se conocen 90 especies y dos subespecies, agrupadas en 22 géneros, 11 familias y cuatro órdenes (Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, Geophilomorpha). De éstas, 68 (73,91%) especies/subespecies son consideradas endémicas. Se comenta sobre su importancia médica, y las necesidades de investigación en el país.
A revised and updated checklist of the centipedes (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) registered from Venezuela is shown. Up untill now, 90 centipede species and two subspecies have been recorded, grouped into 22 genus forming 11 families and four orders (Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, Geophilomorpha). Of these, 68 (73,91%) species/subspecies appear to be considered as endemic. Medical relevance and research needs on the Venezuelan class Chilopoda, is discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Insect Bites and Stings , Poisoning , Zoology , Public HealthABSTRACT
A pesar de que las picaduras por ciempiés o centípedos (Phylum Arthropoda, Clase Chilopoda) son frecuentes y pueden potencialmente ocasionar el deceso del individuo, en Venezuela son pocos los estudios acerca de su ocurrencia. Entre octubre de 2006 y mayo de 2007, se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo para determinar los perfiles clínicos, epidemiológicos y tratamiento de los envenenamientos ocasionados por centípedos en individuos que asistieron a la emergencia ambulatoria en Adícora, estado Falcón, Venezuela. Se hizo la evaluación clínica y la anamnesis para indagar la hora y el lugar del accidente. El centípedo se recolectó para identificación. El tratamiento consistió en aplicación tópica de solución antiséptica yodada (Povidona®); analgésico antiinflamatorio endovenoso y toxoide tetánico; en el caso de abscesos se administró antibiótico terapia per os. Se registraron 11 pacientes mordidos por Scolopendra sp., 6 (54,55%) femeninos y 5 (45,46%) varones. Los accidentes ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia en meses de la estación seca (diciembre-abril; >60%), en adultos (39-62 años; 81,82%), residentes locales (81,82%) dentro del domicilio (54,55%) en horas nocturnas (63,64%) y en los miembros inferiores (54,55%). Los pacientes asistieron a la emergencia ambulatoria entre 5 a 600 minutos después del accidente ( =169,9 ± 236,3). Las manifestaciones clínicas mayormente observadas fueron de tipo local: dolor intenso [Escala Analógica Visual (VAS) = : 8,5 ± 0,63)], y eritema en 100% de los casos. Se obtuvo una evolución postratamiento satisfactoria entre 4 y 5 días y VAS de dolor promedio significativamente menor ( = 0,09± 0,20; t= 42,0, P= 0,0001). Los accidentes por Scolopendra sp. en Adícora, estado Falcón, Venezuela son un problema de salud pública, que parecieran incrementarse por los hábitos sinantrópicos y nocturnos de los centípedos, y seguir un patrón estacional. Se presentaron manifestaciones locales que requirieron un tratamiento básicamente local.
Despite centipede (Phylum Arthropoda, Clase Chilopoda) bites in humans are frequent and may potentially result in fatal consequences, in Venezuela publications on its envenoming and related characteristics are really scarce. Between October 2006 and May 2007, a descriptive and prospective survey was conducted to investigate epidemiological, clinical and treatment profiles on injuries caused by centipedes in patients that were attended in ambulatory emergency service at Adicora, Falcón state, Venezuela. These were clinically examined, and by mean of anamnesis were recorded site and time of bite. The centipede was collected for identification. Treatment consisted on the application of a topical antiseptic solution (povidone-iodine), intravenous administration of an anti-inflammatory analgesic, antibiotic therapy per os and tetanus immunization. It was registered 11 cases bitten by Scolopendra sp., 6 (54.55%) females and 5 (45.46%) males. Most of accidents occurred in the dry season (December- April>60%), adults (39-62 years old; 81.82%) local residents (81.82%), inside the home (54.55%), during the night (63.64%) and on the lower limbs (54.55%). The time between ambulatory medical assistance and the accident varied from 5 to 600 minutes, with a mean time of 169.9 ± 236.3. Most clinical manifestations observed were local: intense pain [Visual Analog Scale (VAS) = : 8.5 ± 0.63)], and erythema 100% of the cases. Patients had a satisfactory post-treatment evolution after 4 and 5 days, and pain VAS mean values significantly lower ( = 0.09 ± 0.20; t= 42.0, P= 0.0001). Envenoming injuries caused by Scolopendra sp. are public health concern at Adicora, Falcon state, Venezuela, that appear to increase with sinanthropic and nocturnal habits of centipede, and follow a seasonal pattern, requiring local symptomatic therapeutical treatment.