ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the impact on substance and energy metabolism by chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex among hypoglycemic diabetic mouse model, in order to explain the new hypothesis of the science connotation in nature and flavor of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Male Kunming mice were intraperitoneally injected with a large dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (170 mg·kg-1) to establish type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. Medication was given consecutively for four weeks. The enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect glucosekinase (GCK), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), adenylate kinase (ADK), fumarase (FUM), cytochrome C reductase (CCR), cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and other indicators. Enzymatic detection was used to determine the content of ATP coenzyme (ATPs), the content and ratio of NAD and NADH, the content of myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, as well as the content of ATP and ADP. The results showed that in the model group, the expression of PYGL was increased; and the expressions of GCK and PDH were decreased. It prompted that the source of glucose increased and the expelling of glucose decreased. The glucose level was increased. The COX expression was reduced and the respiratory chain was blocked. It regulated oxidative phosphorylation and the substrate phosphorylation level. It upregulated the expression of CCR, ATPs, NAD+, PGK, α-KGDHC and ADK. However, the expression of FUM was decreased. The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase was decreased significantly. At last, the metabolic disorders appeared. Mori Cortex aqueous extracts and the chemical split fractions significantly increased the GCK and PDH level in substance metabolism among diabetic mice. The levels of PYGL, α-KGDHC, PGK and acetyl-CoA were decreased (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). Meanwhile, it increased ATP and FUM, myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, and COX level in the energy metabolism (P < 0.05). It decreased the level of NAD+, CCR and ATPs (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). It was concluded that both the aqueous extracts and chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex can effectively improve the substance and energy metabolism disorders of diabetic mouse model. This effect may be related to the cold nature of Mori Cortex.
ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the chemical constituents from the chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex. The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI Gel CHP-20, Silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Structures of compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. The results showed that 23 compounds were obtained. And their structures were identified. The 16 compounds were obtained from the 30% ethanol fraction as vanillic acid (1), 3,4-dimethoxyphenol (2), benzoic acid (3), syringic acid (4), kelampayoside A (5), p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (6), caffeic acid (7), hydroferulic acid (8), 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (9), 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (10), morin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), liriodendrin (12), 2,3-trans-dihydromorin (13), 2,3-cis-dihydromorin (14), 2,3-trans-dihydroquercetin (15), 2,3-cis-dihydroquercetin (16). The 4 compounds were obtained from the 50% ethanol fraction as scopoletin (17), morin (18), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (19), umbelliferone (20). The 3 compounds were obtained from the 80% ethanol fraction as sanggenon R (21), cis-mulberroside A (22), resveratrol (23). It was concluded that compounds 2, 4-6, 11, 16, 19 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study effects of aqueous extracts and all chemical split fractions ofMori Cortex on hypoglycemic effect of diabetic mice model. Intra-peritoneal injection of 170 mg·kg-1 streptozocin (STZ) was given to male Kunming mice to establish type I diabetes mode. Continuous administration of medication was given for 4 weeks. And then, indicators such as body weight, water intake, food intake, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were detected. Pathological morphology of the liver and pancreas were observed by light microscopy. The results showed that high-dose group ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts can improve weight loss of type I diabetic mice, significantly reduce water intake and food intake, reduce FBG, TC, TG and LDL-c levels in different degrees (P<0.05 orP<0.01), and increase C-peptide and HDL-c levels (P<0.05 orP<0.01). When dosages of 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction were only about 1/2 and 1/4 ofM.Cortex aqueous extracts, we found that it can improve lipid disorder status,repair liver cells, and improve liver tissue damage. Its effect was superior to M. Cortex aqueous extracts. It was concluded thatM. Cortexaqueous extracts showed a better hypoglycemic effect. The effective component parts were 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction. Its hypoglycemic mechanism may be related to the promotion of insulin secretion, regulation of blood lipid disorders, as well as the protection of liver structure and function.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the diuretic effect ofMori Cortex and to identify effective fractions inM. Cortex. Metabolic cages were used to firstly observe the diuretic effect ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts on rats. Medications were continuously given for 5 days to screen for the best dosage of diuretic effect. Picric acid assays were used to detect creatinine levels in serum and urine after 5-day medication. Then, the diuretic effect of each chemical split fraction inM. Cortex was studied in order to indentify the effective parts. The results showed that after administration ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts for 3 to 5 days, compared with the control group, there was a significant diuretic effect on rats (P<0.05 orP<0.01). And the medium-dose ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts showed the best effect (P<0.01). However,M. Cortex aqueous extracts had no significant effect on creatinine levels in serum and urine. Assays of diuretic effect of chemical split fractions ofM.Cortex indicated that compared with the control group, 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction had the best diuretic effect (P<0.01). It was concluded thatM.Cortex aqueous extracts had a significant diuretic effect. And the chemical fractions contributed mostly to this effect were mainly existed in the 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects of aqueous extracts and the chemical split fractions ofMori Cortex. Cough mice models induced by ammonia water were used to observe the effect on arresting cough. The phenol red expectoration method in mice was used to observe the effect on expelling phlegm. Histamine and acetylcholine mixture induced asthma model was used to observe the effect on relieving asthma. Isolated trachea model was used to observe the effect on relieving spasm. Compared with the control group, the low, medium and high doses of aqueous extracts ofM. Cortex can obviously decrease the frequency of cough, increase phenol red output of trachea in mice, prolong the latent period of asthma in guinea pigs, and increase the antispasmodic rate. The medium dose had the best effect. The comparison between different chemical split fractions ofM. Cortex and the control group showed that the 30% and 50% ethanol fraction ofM. Cortex can obviously decrease the frequency of cough and prolong the latent period of cough induced by ammonia water in mice, increase phenol red output of trachea in mice (P<0.05 orP<0.01); and 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction can prolong the latent period of asthma in guinea pigs (P< 0.05 orP<0.01). In addition, 30% ethanol fraction can obviously reduce the degree of tracheal contraction. It had certain effect of relieving spasm. It was concluded that aqueous extracts ofM. Cortex had better effects on relieving cough, expectorant and antiasthma. The effective part was the 30% ethanol fraction, which was the dose equivalent of 1/3 of the medium dose. It had significant effect on relieving cough, expectorant and antiasthma. The effect was equivalent to the medium dose of aqueous extracts of M. Cortex.