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Objective:To synthesize N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib, and explore its feasibility in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods:The " two-step method" was used to modify tofacitinib with 18F-fluoroethyl, and the labeling rate and radiochemical purity of the probe were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the stabilities of the probe in vivo and in vitro were investigated. BALB/c mice (normal group; n=3) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice (CIA group; n=3) were injected with N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib and CIA model mice injected with tofacitirrib and N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib were as blocking group ( n=3). All mice underwent microPET imaging and the percentage injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) and the uptake ratio of inflamed joints to muscle (T/M) were calculated. One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test were used to analyze the data. Results:The synthesis time of N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib was about 120 min, with the yield approximately 1%, the specific activity >13.6 GBq/μmol, and the radiochemical purity >99%. After the probe incubated with PBS, plasma or in vivo for 2 h, the radiochemical purity was still more than 95%. MicroPET imaging showed that 30 min after injection, the uptake of N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib in the inflamed joints of CIA group was higher than that of normal group and blocking group ((10.22±1.64), (2.71±0.26) and (2.81±0.33) %ID/g; F=58.26, t values: 7.83, 7.67, P values: 0.001, 0.002). The T/M of CIA group was also higher than that of normal group and blocking group (24.73±5.77, 2.75±1.36 and 2.89±0.54; F=40.64, t values: 6.42, 6.53, P values: 0.003, 0.003). Conclusions:N- 18F-fluoroethyl-tofacitinib is successfully prepared and it is stable in vitro with good imaging performance in vivo. It may be used in clinic for the diagnosis of RA.
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Resumen En la última década se ha incrementado el número de estudios y publicaciones sobre las vesículas extracelulares y los exosomas. En Colombia, ha habido interés y avances en su estudio, lo que se evidencia en el aumento de publicaciones y proyectos de investigación. Sin embargo, este es un campo de investigación aún en desarrollo, con desafíos analíticos y limitaciones técnicas, por lo cual, en el planteamiento de los proyectos de investigación y desarrollo, es necesario considerar cuál es el estado del campo científico a nivel mundial en cuanto a la nomenclatura y la clasificación de las vesículas extracelulares, las técnicas, recursos, requisitos y especificaciones de calidad y las instituciones que regulan el campo. La respuesta a esta pregunta permitirá desarrollar estudios que cumplan con los estándares internacionales, y las exigencias y recomendaciones institucionales. Sin embargo, la información científica disponible se encuentra dispersa y no todos los aspectos son tratados a cabalidad. En este actualización se condensa la información disponible y se presentan los términos oficiales para denominar las vesículas extracelulares y la nomenclatura aceptada actualmente, así como la evolución del campo, la homogenización de los parámetros experimentales, el establecimiento de autoridades científicas, instituciones y recursos, y las recomendaciones que se han generado a nivel mundial para el desarrollo de investigaciones en vesículas extracelulares, incluidos su aislamiento, caracterización y estudio funcional. Por último, se analiza el contexto nacional de una forma crítica, teniendo en cuenta las fortalezas institucionales, los errores usualmente cometidos, y las técnicas y tecnologías analíticas disponibles.
Abstract In the last decade, the number of studies and publications on extracellular vesicles (EV) and exosomes has boomed. Colombia has displayed interest and progress in their study as shown in the increase of research project publications and products. However, this research field is still developing and has its own analytical challenges and technical limitations. For planning research projects and developing EV studies it is necessary to consider what is the state of the scientific field worldwide concerning EV nomenclature and classification, available techniques, resources, requirements and quality specifications, and the institutions that regulate the field. Answering this question will elicit EV studies that comply with international standards and respond to institutional demands and recommendations. However, the scientific information available is scattered and not all the aspects are considered in full. In this update, the available information is condensed and the official terms and currently defined nomenclature is presented, as well as the evolution of the field, the homogenization of the experimental parameters, the establishment of scientific authorities, institutions, and resources, and the recommendations generated worldwide for their development and research including their isolation, characterization, and functional studies. Finally, I analyzed the national context in a critical way, considering institutional strengths, common mistakes, and available analytical techniques and technologies.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Resource Guide , Cell-Derived Microparticles , Exosomes , Chemical Phenomena , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Los análisis en el sitio de atención (POCT, por sus siglas en ingles Point-of-care testing) son pruebas de diagnóstico clínico llevadas a cabo fuera de los espacios específicamente diseñados para los análisis clínicos, que proporcionan resultados rápidos que mejoran la oportunidad en la toma de decisiones médicas. En Colombia no hay información sobre su uso y desempeño en grupos etarios específicos como los de los hogares de ancianos en Colombia. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño de un analizador POCT para perfil lipídico (CT, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG) y glicemia con relación a los resultados de los métodos convencionales rutinarios del laboratorio clínico en un hogar de ancianos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se tomaron 52 residentes a quienes se les tomaron muestras pareadas (punción venosa y digital). Se usó un instrumento estandarizado para la descripción de las características deseadas del POCT. Se aplicó estadística univariada y bivariada. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 78, rango 64-91 años. El POCT mostró un desempeño aceptable frente a los métodos convencionales del laboratorio clínico, especialmente TG y HDL-c. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados de glicemia, CT y LDL-c entregados por el POCT en comparación con los del laboratorio clínico. Conclusiones: La POCT puede ser una opción importante para tamizaje y control de enfermedades crónicas en hogares de ancianos. Sin embargo, es necesario una estructura organizacional que garantice la calidad de las mediciones del POCT. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 9-18.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Point-of-care testing (POCT) are clinical diagnostic tests carried out than laboratory analysts, outside of spaces specifically designed for clinical analysis, and they provide quick results that improve the timeliness of medical decision making. In Colombia there is no information on its use and performance in specific age groups such as those in nursing homes. Objective: To evaluate the performance of a POCT analyzer for lipid profile (CT, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG) and glycemia in relation to the results of routine conventional methods of the clinical laboratory in a nursing home. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional. 52 residents were taken to whom paired samples were applied. Glucose and lipid levels were determined. Samples collected by fingerstick were analyzed by POCT and venipuncture by conventional methods certified by the CDC in the laboratory. A standardized instrument was used to describe the desired characteristics of the POCT. Univariate and bivariate statistics were applied. The results issued by the clinical reference laboratory were compared with those of the POCT through the ICC. Results: The average age of the participants was 78, range 64-91 years. The POCT showed an acceptable performance compared to conventional clinical laboratory methods, especially TG and HDL-c. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the results of glycemia, CT and LDL-c delivered by the POCT compared to those of the clinical laboratory. Conclusions: POCT can be an important option for chronic disease screening and management in nursing homes. However, an organizational structure is necessary to ensure the quality of the POCT measurements. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 9-18.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Health Services for the AgedABSTRACT
Objective To develop the automated preparation of 18F-Alfatide II using newly-designed 18F-minireactor and perform 18F-Alfatide D microPET/CT imaging in tumor.Methods The automated preparation of 18F-Alfatide H was developed by using 18F-microreactor and water phase Al18F-chelating method,and the radiochemical yield and quality analysis were measured.The nude mice bearing breast tumor ZR-75-1 and nasopharyngeal tumor CNE1 were established(n = 3 respectively).MicroPET/CT imaging was performed at 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 h after the injection of 18F-Alfatide II.The region of interest(ROI)was depicted and the tumor/muscle(T/M)ratio was calculated.Results 18F-Alfatide II was automatically prepared with the total synthesis time of 40 min,the radiochemical yield of(28±6)%(no decay corrected,n=11),and the radiochemical purity >97%.All quality analysis indexes accorded with the radiopharmaceutical requirements.18F-Alfatide II microPET/CT images of ZR-75-1 and CNE1 tumors were clear due to the high radioactivity uptake of tumor lesions(T/M ratio was greater than 4.0 at 1.0 h after injection).Conclusion Based on the 18F-minireactor,the,8F-Alfatide II can be prepared successfully with short synthesis time and high radiochemical yield,which can help the application studies in 18F-Alfatide II microPET/CT imaging.
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Objective To develop an automated control system of batch-reactor microfluidic device for the synthesis of PET tracers and to use it for the preparation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).Methods The 18F microreactor was composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip and customized glass microvessel integrated with stainless capillary tube as heater or cooler.PDMS chip was fabricated by silkscreen printing technology.The hardware control of digital and analog quantity of synthesizer was completed by organic integration programmable logic controller (PLC),micro air valve,temperature sensor,com pressed air source,direct current stabilized voltage source and vacuum pumps.The interface was designed using Kingyiew software.Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to measure the 18F-labeling yield and the radiochemical purity of 18F-FDG.Kryptofix (K2.2.2) content,residual acetonitrile content,traits,a septic and bacterial endotoxins levels were also tested.Results The size of the microfluidic device was 10 cm× 10 cm×15 cm.The size of the automated control system was similar to the desktop chassis.The amount of precursor used in the single synthesis of 18F-FDG was 2.5 mg.The radiochemical purity of 18F-FDG was higher than 95％,the labeling yield was (92.4± 1.4) ％ and the 18 F-FDG yield was (35.6± 5.6) ％ (decay corrected).The 18F-FDG product was clear and colorless,and the pH value was 6.2±0.4.The K2.2.2 con tent was less than 50 μg/g.The residual acetonitrile content was (12.8±2.6) μg/g.Both aseptic and bacte rial endotoxins tests were negative.Conclusions A batch-mode microfluidic device is developed and successfully applied to prepare 18F-FDG.It has the advantages of high integration,small size,less consumption of labeling precursor and easy programming.
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OBJECTIVE To synthesize[3H]labelled trantinterol and determine the mass balance in rats and the profile of trantinterol and its metabolites in excreta. METHODS [3H]Trantinterol was synthesised from the intermediate1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-bromo-ethanone through reduction by sodium borotritide and aminolysis by t-butylamine. Following an oral dose of[3H] trantinterol(45.5 MBq·kg-1)to bile duct cannulated(BDC)rats and normal rats. Bile,urine and faeces were collected individually before and after dosing at different times. Liquid scintillation counter(LSC) was used to detect total radioactivity recovery and HPLC/radio-detector for metabolite profiling in urine and bile. RESULTS The majority(73.6%)of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the first 24 h postdose with 48.3%in urine and 25.4%in faeces. It was cumulated to(84.7±6.8)%till 168 h. In BDC rats,29.3%of the dose was recovered in the bile 3 d post-dose. According to the peak area ratio determined by HPLC/radio-detector,only 4.7%and 9.5%of the radioactive dose were excreted as the parent drug in urine and bile,respectively,while the majority of the remaining radioactivity was excreted in the form of various metabolites. CONCLUSION Following oral administration in rats,trantinterol is completely absorbed,extensively metabolized and rapidly excreted mainly in urine as various metabolites.
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BACKGROUND: We evaluated the analytical performance of Wako assays for albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), complement C3 and C4, calcium, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), direct bilirubin (DBIL), iron, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), HDL cholesterol (HDLC), inorganic phosphorus (IP), LDL cholesterol (LDLC), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), and uric acid (UA), as well as the performance of Sekisui assays for albumin, BUN, calcium, CRP, HDLC, IP, LDLC, TP, and UA by using Hitachi LABOSPECT 008 (Hitachi High-Tech Co., Japan). METHODS: Liquid Assayed Multiqual Control (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) and pooled patients' sera were analyzed for 20 days. Wako linearity material (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) and Sysmex Interference Check A Plus kit (Sysmex Co., Japan) were used to test linearity and interference, respectively. Concentrations of the target analytes were measured using Hitachi LABOSPECT 008 in 100 residual patient specimens and compared to those in Pureauto S series reagent (Sekisui Medical, Japan), which were measured using Hitachi 7600 (Hitachi High-Tech Co., Japan). RESULTS: Total coefficients of variation (CVs) for the tested analytes were 0.91-9.26% in Wako and 1.04-7.46% in Sekisui assays. Linearity was demonstrated up to the highest concentration within the analytical range in all the assays except for Wako albumin and Sekisui TP. Wako and Sekisui albumin, BUN, CRP, HDLC, and LDLC assays, and in Wako C3, C4, calcium, and UA assays showed no interference with the test concentrations used. All the tested assays, except for Wako AST, LDLC, and TP, and Sekisui calcium and TP, demonstrated comparability with comparative method for at least one medical decision level. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results showed that the analytical performances of Wako and Sekisui chemistry assays evaluated using Hitachi LABOSPECT 008 had appropriate analytical performance for clinical use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Bilirubin , Blood Urea Nitrogen , C-Reactive Protein , Calcium , Chemical Industry , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Chemistry, Clinical , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Clinical Chemistry Tests , Complement C3 , Creatine Kinase , Iron , Phosphorus , Transferases , Uric AcidABSTRACT
Comparar dos tecnologías de determinación de folatos séricos en mujeres en edad fértil, que comparten el mismo principio y evidenciar la mejora tecnológica, así como, la validez de los resultados. Materiales y métodos: Los datos provienen de tres estudios poblacionales y cuatro de comunidades centinela. El tamaño de muestra se calculó usando el procedimiento propuesto por Fleiss (1981) y se aplicó un diseño de muestra multi-etapa y se incorporó en el análisis estadístico un ajuste por efecto de diseño de 1,5. Resultados: Desde la perspectiva del laboratorio se nota una mejora en la ...
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Diet , Immunologic Tests , Quality Control , Radioisotopes , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Caracterizar físico-quimicamente, sucos não adoçados e néctares de laranja adoçados com sacarose ou edulcorantes, quanto ao seu pH, acidez titulável (AT) e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e avaliar a correlação desta última propriedade com as demais. Método: Analisaram-se alíquotas de três lotes de dois sucos de laranja e de dois néctares com adição de sacarose ou dois com edulcorantes. Água mineral foi empregada como controle. O teor de SST foi determinado em refratômetro de Abbé. O pH foi registrado em peagômetro digital, enquanto a AT foi quantificada titulando-se amostras das bebidas com NaOH 0,1 M até o alcance dos pHs 5,5 e 7,0. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de correlação de Pearson, análise de regressão, análise de variância e teste de Tukey (alfa = 0,05). Resultados: Os teores de SST apresentaram forte correlação com a AT, sendo a relação entre elas do tipo quadrática. Embora os valores de pH não sejam dependentes da presença de sacarose ou edulcorantes, se as bebidas são isentas dos mesmos, significativamente maior quantidade de base foi necessária para que se atingissem os pHs 5,5 e 7,0. Conclusão: Sucos e néctares de laranja apresentaram valores semelhantes de pH, os quais não se correlacionaram com a presença de sacarose ou edulcorantes nas bebidas. A acidez titulável foi maior para o suco e menor para os néctares, independentemente do fato de possuírem sacarose ou edulcorantes em sua composição. A elevação do teor de sólidos solúveis totais não implicou em redução da acidez titulável das bebidas.
Objective: To characterize physically and chemically, non-sweetened orange juices and orange nectars sweetened with sucrose or sweet flavoring agents, with respect to their pH, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids content (TSSC), as well as to evaluate the correlation of the latter property with the others. Method: Aliquots of three lots of two orange juices and two orange nectars containing sucrose and two containing sweet flavoring agents were evaluated. Mineral water was used as a control. The TSSC was determined using an Abbe refractometer. The pH was recorded using a digital pH meter, while TA was quantified by titrating samples of the beverages with 0.1 M NaOH until reaching pHs 5.5 and 7.0. Data were subjected to Pearson's correlation test, regression analysis, analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). Results: TSSC values presented a strong correlation with TA, and these properties exhibited a quadratic relationship. Although the pH values were not dependent on the presence of sucrose or sweet flavoring agents, a significantly greater amount of base was necessary to reach pHs 5.5 and 7.0 in the beverages without sucrose or flavoring agents. Conclusion: Orange juices and nectars presented similar pH values, which was not associated with the presence of sucrose or sweet flavoring agents in the beverages. Higher TA values were obtained for the juice and lower for the nectars, regardless of containing sucrose or sweet flavoring agents. The increase of TSSC did not implicate in decrease of TA in the beverages.
Subject(s)
Chemical Phenomena/analysis , Tooth Erosion/prevention & control , Juices , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have the potential to significantly influence management of neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of the POCT chemistry analyzer in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: Blood samples of neonates admitted to the NICU were tested using a POCT chemistry analyzer (Piccolo Xpress Chemistry Analyzer, Abaxis, Union City, CA, USA) and a central laboratory chemical analyzer (Chemistry analyzer 7600-110, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) from March to September, 2010. Correlation of 15 analytes between the POCT and the central laboratory machine was evaluated. For consistency of the POCT, three consecutive samplings were performed. Differences among the three tests were recorded. The causes of performance errors were checked through log files. RESULTS: One hundred of 112 pairs of tests for accuracy performed in 54 neonates showed a high correlation between the two machines. Twelve performance errors occurred during the 112 tests. The most common error was insufficient sample error. Eighteen triplet tests performed in 18 patients for consistency revealed a difference range of 3-10%, which was considered to be acceptable. No error occurred during the 54 tests. CONCLUSION: The POCT is capable of analyzing multiple analytes with a minimal amount of whole blood in a short time. The few performance errors noted presently are likely preventable. This POCT is concluded to be suitable for use as a simple and rapid diagnostic method in the NICU with a minimal amount of blood collected in a less invasive manner.